1、BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 Controlled equivalence ratio method for the determination of hazardous components of fire effluents Steady-state tube furnace PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 ISO 2016 Controlled equivalence ratio method for the determination of
2、hazardous components of fire effluents Steady- state tube furnace Mthode du rapport dquivalence contrle pour la dtermination des substances dangereuses des effluents du feu Four tubulaire conditions stables TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19700 Reference number ISO/TS 19700:2016(E) Second edition 201
3、6-09-15 National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 19700:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/16, Hazards to life from fire. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its sec
4、retary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 93304 2 ICS 13.220.01 Compliance with a British Standard c
5、annot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 ISO 2016 Controlled equiv
6、alence ratio method for the determination of hazardous components of fire effluents Steady- state tube furnace Mthode du rapport dquivalence contrle pour la dtermination des substances dangereuses des effluents du feu Four tubulaire conditions stables TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19700 Reference n
7、umber ISO/TS 19700:2016(E) Second edition 2016-09-15 PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 ISO/TS 19700:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized oth
8、erwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright offic
9、e Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 ISO/TS 19700:2016(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Principle 3 5 Apparatus . 4
10、 5.1 General apparatus 4 5.2 Tubular furnace 4 5.3 Calibrated thermocouples . 6 5.4 Quartz furnace tube 6 5.5 Combustion boat . 6 5.6 Combustion boat drive . 7 5.6.1 Mechanism 7 5.6.2 Rate of specimen introduction . 7 5.7 Mixing and measurement chamber 8 5.8 Analysis of gases 8 5.9 Determination of
11、smoke aerosols 10 5.10 Exhaust system 10 6 Air supplies .10 6.1 Primary and secondary air supplies10 6.2 Primary airflow calibration.10 6.3 Secondary airflow calibration .11 6.4 Overall confirmation .11 7 Establishment of furnace temperature and setting of furnace temperature .11 7.1 General 11 7.2
12、Establishing furnace temperature profile to determine furnace suitability .12 7.3 Setting the temperature for an individual test run condition .12 8 Test specimen preparation .13 8.1 Test specimen form 13 8.2 Combustible loading .13 8.3 Specimen conditioning . .13 9 Selection of test decomposition c
13、onditions.13 9.1 Selection of decomposition conditions for fire hazard analysis or fire safety engineering 13 9.2 Stage 1b): oxidative pyrolysis from externally applied radiation 14 9.3 Stage 2: well-ventilated flaming 14 9.4 Stage 3a): small vitiated fires in closed or poorly ventilated compartment
14、s 15 9.5 Stage 3b): post-flashover fires in open compartments .16 10 Procedure16 10.1 Safety considerations .16 10.2 Decomposition of the test specimen .16 10.3 Steady-state period 18 10.4 Sampling and analysis of fire effluent 18 10.4.1 General.18 10.4.2 Sampling of fire effluent .18 10.4.3 Determi
15、nation of the mass of the specimen residue .20 10.4.4 Ambient conditions 20 10.5 Validity of test run .21 11 Calculations.21 11.1 General 21 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 ISO/TS 19700:2016(E)11.2 Mass-charge concentration and mass-loss concentration .21 11.2.1 M
16、ass-charge concentration .21 11.2.2 Mass-loss concentration .21 11.3 Yield .22 11.4 Organic fraction .24 12 Test report 24 12.1 Contents of test report 24 12.2 Test laboratory details .25 12.3 Specimen details .25 12.4 Test conditions and procedures 25 13 Verification of test apparatus with PMMA 26
17、13.1 Procedure .26 13.2 Verification criteria 26 14 Trueness and uncertainties with respect to steady-state tube furnace concentration and yields 26 14.1 Accuracy, trueness and uncertainty .26 14.2 Accuracy and trueness of concentration and yield measurements in the steady- state tube furnace (SSTF)
18、 .26 14.3 Extent of variability of concentration and yield measurements from test specimens in the steady-state tube furnace27 14.4 Correlation of effluent yields from the steady-state tube furnace with those obtained from large-scale compartment fire tests under the same combustion conditions 27 15
19、 Repeatability and reproducibility .28 Annex A (informative) Guidance on the choice of additional decomposition conditions 30 Annex B (informative) Estimation of lethal toxic potency for combustion products according to ISO 13344 using tube-furnace data .32 Annex C (informative) Application of data
20、from the tube-furnace test to estimation and assessment of toxic hazard in fires according to ISO 13571 33 Annex D (informative) Use of the tube-furnace method for bioassay purposes 34 Annex E (informative) Measurement of optical density from the steady-state tube furnace.35 Annex F (informative) Co
21、mparison of data from the steady-state tube furnace, the ISO 9705 room and other compartment fire experiments 37 Annex G (informative) Assessment of mass-loss rate data .41 Bibliography .46 iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 ISO/TS 19700:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Orga
22、nization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establis
23、hed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
24、. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with t
25、he editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any pat
26、ent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. Fo
27、r an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The com
28、mittee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 3, Fire threat to people and environment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 19700:2007), which has been technically revised. The changes in this document are as follows. The interlaborato
29、ry reproducibility has been assessed with homogenous thermoplastic materials. A verification procedure of the test apparatus with PMMA has been introduced. A new section on trueness and uncertainties with respect to steady-state tube furnace concentration and yields has been added. A new section on
30、repeatability and reproducibility has been added. New informative annexes have been added (see Annexes F and G). The list of references has been updated. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 ISO/TS 19700:2016(E) Introduction Fire safety engineering using performance-based design requi
31、res engineering methods for specific performance aspects of fire safety, but applicable to all types of structural systems, products and processes. This includes standard test methods for obtaining data on specific fire-related phenomena including the generation of harmful fire effluents. These have
32、 been designed to provide the input data necessary for engineering calculation methods for physical, chemical and biological properties. The exposure conditions and performance need to be adequately quantified to allow extrapolation from test conditions to different fire situations occurring in the
33、real world. The toxic hazard to an occupant of a building or transport enclosure during a fire depends on exposure to the time-varying concentrations of toxic products (gases and smoke particulates) in each occupants breathing zone, the effect of each toxicant and the interactions between them. The
34、concentrations of toxic gases and particles depend primarily on the mass-loss rate of the fuel, the yields of each toxicant and the dynamics of air entrainment and effluent dispersal within the occupied enclosure(s). Other factors, such as losses from deposition on the walls of the enclosure, may al
35、so need to be considered. For fire safety calculations, such as those described in ISO 16732-1 1 , the yields of toxic products from the burning fuel are necessary inputs. Since combustion conditions vary during a fire and between different fires, it is also necessary to measure the toxic product yi
36、elds under a range of defined combustion conditions. In order to make a performance-based assessment of the toxic hazard in a fire, yield data of toxic products under different specified fire conditions comprise one category of the required inputs. For any specific material, the effluent yields in f
37、ires depend upon the thermal decomposition conditions. The most important variables are whether the decomposition is non-flaming or flaming, and for flaming decomposition, the fuel/oxygen ratio. Based upon these variables, it is possible to classify fires into a number of types, as detailed in ISO 1
38、9706:2011, Table 1. This method has been developed to measure toxic product yields from materials over a range of defined decomposition conditions in fires. At this stage, the interlaboratory reproducibility has been assessed with homogenous thermoplastic materials, and this document is therefore li
39、mited in applicability to such materials. The decomposition conditions are defined in terms of fuel/air equivalence ratio, temperature and flaming behaviour. The method has been shown to replicate the production yields of toxic fire effluents in a number of studies for a range of polymers, described
40、 in 14.4 and Annex F. The use of this document provides data on the range of toxic product yields likely to occur in different types and stages of full-scale fires. More comprehensive data on the relationships between decomposition conditions and product yields can be obtained by using a wider range
41、 of apparatus settings. Guidance on the choice of additional decomposition conditions is given in Annex A. The estimation of lethal toxic potency data according to ISO 13344 is described in Annex B. The use of data to assess toxic hazard according to ISO 13571 is described in Annex C. Guidance on th
42、e application of data for bioassay purposes is described in Annex D. The test method has been developed to fulfil the requirements of ISO 16312-1 and ISO 19706, for data on the yields of toxic products in fire effluents evolved under different fire conditions as part of the data required for input t
43、o the toxic-hazard-assessment calculation methods described in ISO 13571. The data may also be used as input for the toxic-potency calculation methods described in ISO 13344 and ISO 13571.vi ISO 2016 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 19700:2016 Controlled equivalence ratio method for the determination o
44、f hazardous components of fire effluents Steady-state tube furnace 1 Scope This document describes a steady-state tube furnace (SSTF) method for the generation of fire effluent for the identification and measurement of its constituent combustion products, in particular, the yields of toxicants under
45、 a range of fire decomposition conditions. It uses a moving test specimen and a tube furnace at different temperatures and airflow rates as the fire model. The interlaboratory reproducibility has been assessed with selected homogenous thermoplastic materials and this document is therefore limited in
46、 applicability to such materials. The method is validated for testing homogeneous thermoplastic materials that produce yields of a defined consistency. See limitations in Clause 12. This method has been designed as a performance-based engineering method to provide data for input to hazard assessment
47、s and fire safety engineering design calculations. The method can be used to model a wide range of combustion conditions by using different combinations of temperature, non-flaming and flaming decomposition conditions and different fuel/oxygen ratios in the tube furnace. These include the combustion
48、 conditions for the following types of fires, as detailed in ISO 19706:2011, Table 1: Stage 1: Non-flaming: Stage 1b) Oxidative pyrolysis from externally applied radiation; Stage 2: Well-ventilated flaming (representing a flaming developing fire); Stage 3: Under-ventilated flaming: Stage 3a) Small l
49、ocalized fires in closed or poorly ventilated compartments; Stage 3b) Post-flashover fires. For each flaming fire type, the minimum conditions of test are specified in terms of the equivalence ratio, , as follows: Stage 2 0,75; Stages 3a) and 3b) = 2 0,2. Guidance on the choice of additional decomposition conditions is given in Annex A. The data on toxic product concentrations and yields obtained using this document can be used as part of the estimation of toxic potencies, in conjunction with toxic po
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