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API MPMS 10.2-2016 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 10.2 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (FOURTH EDITION) .pdf

1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 10.2Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by DistillationFOURTH EDITION, DECEMBER 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and re

2、gulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any

3、 liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rig

4、hts.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expres

5、sly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating

6、practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.A

7、ny manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applica

8、ble API standard.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be con

9、sulted.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.Wo

10、rk sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the standard. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this st

11、andard.Users of the instructions in this document should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction sho

12、uld be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the instructions. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engineering, and judgment sa

13、fety when using this standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the publisher,

14、 API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2016 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product

15、covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.Should: As used in a standard,

16、“should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.

17、This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning th

18、e procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be

19、 addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202)

20、 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContents1 Scope . . . .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . 13 Summary of Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Apparatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Solvent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Sampling, Test Samples, and Test Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Calculation . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . 412 Precision and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Annex (Mandatory Information). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Appendix (Nonmandatory Information). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figures1 Distillation Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Pick, Scraper, and Jet Spray Tube for Distillation Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Basic Sediment and Water Precision . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5X1.1 Basic Sediment Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) Distillation Method (Based on Seven Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、 . . . . 9X1.2 Basic Sediment and Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6) Centrifuge Method (Based on Five Laboratories). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10X1.3 Basic Sediment and Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6) Centrifuge Metho

33、d (Based on Six Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10TablesX1.2 Base CaseWater Content of Crudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6X1.3 Water Content of Crude Oil Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6X1.5 Determination of Water in Crude Oils, % H20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.6 Corrections to be Applied to Measured Values to Obtain “True” Water C

35、ontent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.7 Bias of Test Methods Estimated from Spiked Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.8 Round-Robin Results of Water in Crude Oils by ASTM D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) and ASTM D1796 (API MPMS Chapter

36、10.6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8X1.12 ASTM Precision Intervals: ASTM D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) (7 Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9vDesignation: D4006 161Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MP

37、MS), Chapter 10.2Standard Test Method forWater in Crude Oil by Distillation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes

38、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTESubsections 5.1 and X1.3.3.2 were revised editorially in November 2016.1. S

39、cope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of water incrude oil by distillation.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa

40、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 6.1 and A1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test M

41、ethod for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by Distillation (API MPMS Chapter10.5)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oilsby the Extraction Method (API MPMS Chapter 10.1)D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of

42、 WaterD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) (APIMPMS Chapter 10.6)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API M

43、PMS Chapter 8.2)D4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by CoulometricKarl Fischer Titration (API MPMS Chapter 10.9)E123 Specification forApparatus for Determination ofWaterby Distillation2.2 API Standards:MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPM

44、S Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)MPMS Chapter 10.1 Test Method for Sediment in CrudeOils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method (ASTM TestMethod D473)MPMS Chapter 10.4 Determination of Water and/or Sedi-ment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Metho

45、d (FieldProcedure)MPMS Chapter 10.5 Test Method for Water in PetroleumProducts and Bituminous Materials by Distillation(ASTM Test Method D95)MPMS Chapter 10.6 Test Method for Water and Sediment inFuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Proce-dure) (ASTM Test Method D1796)MPMS Chapter 10.9 Tes

46、t Method for Water in Crude Oils byCoulometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM Test MethodD4928)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sample is heated under reflux conditions with awater immiscible solvent which co-distills with the water in the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D

47、02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee onPetroleum Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02/COMQ the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement forCustody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API). This test method has been approved by thespon

48、soring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordancewith established procedures.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4006 11 (2012)1. DOI:10.1520/D4006-16E01.2For referenced ASTM standa

49、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1sample. Condensed solvent and water are continuously sepa-rated in a trapthe water settles in the graduated section of thetrap, and the solvent returns to the distillation flask.4. Signific

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