1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 8.1Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsFOURTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal l
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5、pressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatin
6、gpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.An
7、y manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable
8、 API standard.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consult
9、ed.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipmentand premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the instructions. At all times users should employ soundbusiness, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using
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13、n Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be constru
14、ed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in ordert
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17、shed herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Dep
18、artment, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCo
19、ntentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Health and Safety Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Sampling Devices/Equipment and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Manual Sampling Concepts and Objective . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Sampling Requirements, Considerations, and Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2110 Special Instructions for Specific Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3911 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Appendix X1 (Nonmandatory Information) Crude Oil Sample HandlingTest
25、Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Figures1 Example of a Fixed Volume Cylinder with an Outage Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Example of a Fixed Volume Cylinder and Transfer Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Examples of a Small Volume (5 cm (2 in.) and a Large Volume PSU (10 cm (4 in.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Examples of Closed/Restricted Sampling Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Illustration of
27、Common Spot Sample Positions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Typical Sample Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Amber and C
28、lear Boston Round Bottles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Example of Single Floating Piston (Variable Volume) Cylinder (FPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Example of Single Floating Piston (Var
29、iable Volume) Cylinder (FPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 Example of Single Floating Piston (Variable Volume) Cylinder (FPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211 Example of Typical High-Pressure Sampling System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1312 Cage Samplers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513 Weighted Bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1514 Weighted Beakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1615 Example of Bottom Water and ROB/OBQ Sampler/Scra
32、per. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1616 Tank Sample Taps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1717 Probe Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1818 Example of Core/Interface SamplersThief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1919 Example of Core/Zone Samplers. . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 Example of Dead Bottom Samplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 Tube Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2122 Auger Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123 Example
36、of Nozzle Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2124 Slotted Standpipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . 2325 Examples of Sample Labels/Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2626 Examples of Typical Vapor Control Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . 2927 Example of a Lock Valve and Closed System Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3028 Example of Closed System Restricted Flow Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3029 Location of Samp
39、le Points at Different Levels for Rail Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33vPage30 Location of Sample Points from Exposed Surface for Rail Cars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3431 Example of Probe in High-Pressure Sampling
40、System Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3532 Example of Double Piston (Variable Volume) Cylinder (DPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Tables1 Sampling from Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Commonly Used Manual Sampling Devices for Liquid Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Typical Sampling Procedures and Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Recommended Weighted Sampling Bottle or Beaker Openings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Spot Sample Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . . 276 Tap Sampling Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Minimum Number of Packages to be Selected for Sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Size o
44、f Grease Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43X1.1 Crude Oil Sample HandlingTest Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45v
45、iDesignation: D4057 12Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1Standard Practice forManual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
46、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRO
47、DUCTIONThe previous version of the manual sampling practice described the various sampling methods andapparatus, with much focus on crude oils and semi-solids and solids. Also, previous versions did notsignificantly address closed or restricted sampling, which continue to become more prevalent.This
48、version will provide guidance on manual sampling terminology, concepts, equipment,containers, procedures, and will provide some specific guidance related to particular products andtests. The type and size of the sample obtained, and the handling method, will depend on the purposefor which it was tak
49、en. Refer to the test method for any specific sampling and handling requirementsup to the point of testing. It remains the responsibility of the subcommittee for the relevant test methodto provide guidance, or warnings, regarding sample container selection; preparation; cleanliness; heat,pressure, or light; sample size requirements for testing and retention; and any other special handlingrequirements necessary to ensure a representative sample is tested.In addition to the individual test method, for guidance on container, size, mixing and specialhandling, further guidance may be p
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