1、API PUBL*lb3B 94 = 0732270 O543635 T7T Waste Management Practices for Petroleum Marketing Facilities API PUBLICATION 1638 FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1994 - Strategies jor Tot * days Environmental Partnership American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, Northwest 11 Washington, D.C. 20005 API PUBLaLb38 94
2、 0732290 054LbLb 906 STEP One of the most significant long-term trends affecting the future vitality of the petroleum industry is the publics concerns about the environment. Recognizing this trend, API member companies have developed a positive, forward looking strategy called STEP: Strategies for T
3、odays Environmental Partnership. This program aims to address public concerns by improving industrys environmental, health and safety performance; docu- menting performance improvements; and communicating them to the public. The founda- tion of STEP is the API Environmental Mission and Guiding Envir
4、onmental Principles. API standards, by promoting the use of sound engineering and operational practices, are an important means of implementing APIs STEP program. API ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION AND GUIDING ENVI RON M ENTAL P R I NCI P L ES The members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to
5、continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resources and supplying high quality products and services to consumers. The members recognize the importance of efficiently meeting societys need4 and our responsibility to wo
6、rk with the public. the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound manner while protecting the health and safety of our employees and the public. To meet these responsibilities, API members pledge to manage our businesses according to these principles:
7、 To recognize and to respond to community concerns about our raw materials. products and operations. To operate our plants and facilities, and to handle our raw materials and products in a manner that protects the environment, and the safety and health of our employees and the public. To make safety
8、, health and environmental considerations a priority in our planning, and our development of new products and processes. To advise promptly appropriate officials, employees, customers and the public of infor- mation on significant industry-related safety, health and environmental hazards. and to rec
9、ommend protective measures. To counsel customers, transporters and others in the safe use, transportation and disposal of our raw materials, products and waste materials. To economically develop and produce natural resources and to conserve those resources by using energy efficiently. To extend know
10、ledge by conducting or supporting research on the safety, health and environmental effects of our raw materials, products. processes and waste niaterial. To commit to reduce overall emissions and waste generation. ?o work with others to resolve problems created by handling and disposal of hazardous
11、substances from our operations. To participate with government and others in creating responsible laws, regulations and standards to safeguard the community, workplace and environment. To promote these principles and practices by sharing experiences and offering assistance to others who produce, han
12、dle, use, transport or dispose of similar raw materials, petroleum products and wastes. API PUBL*Lb38 74 O732290 05YLbL7 842 = Waste Management Practices for Pet roleum Marketing Faci lit es Manufacturing, Distribution, and Marketing Department API PUBLICATION 1638 FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1994 Americ
13、an Petroleum Institute API PUBLxLb38 74 = 0732290 054LbL8 787 = SPECIAL NOTES 1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. 2. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIE
14、S OF EMPLOYERS, MANU- FACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHER EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. 3. INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROP
15、ER PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDI- TIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER, OR SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET. 4. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD. APPARAT
16、US, OR PRODUCT COVERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETTERS PATENT. GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- 5. GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, RE
17、AF- FIRMED, OR WITHDRAWN AT LEAST EVERY FIVE YEARS. SOMETIMES A ONE-TIME EXTENSION OF UP TO TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS REVIEW CYCLE. THIS PUBLICATION WILL NO LONGER BE IN EFFECT FIVE YEARS AFTER ITS PUBLICATION DATE AS AN OPERATIVE API STANDARD OR, WHERE AN EXTENSION HAS BEEN GRANTED, UPON REPU
18、BLICATION. STATUS OF THE PUBLICATION CAN BE ASCERTAINED FROM THE API AUTHORING DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE (202) 682-8000. A CATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS AND MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API, 1220 L STREET, N.W WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005. Copyright O 1994 American Petroleum Instiiuie
19、 API PUBL*Lb3B 94 = 0732290 0543639 bL5 = FOREWORD Petroleum marketing facility operations, which range from retail fuel convenience stores to terminals and lube plants, present a great variety of waste streams and a challenge to manage them properly. Few waste streams associated with petroleum mark
20、eting facilities are process streams with opportunities for changes in processes, raw materials, or large source reductions. Most of the waste stream quantities are directly related to sales and/or service volume. These factors present the unique challenge for waste management at petroleum marketing
21、 facilities, which this publication addresses. Waste management opportunities with source reduction, recycling/re-use, treatment, or disposal as appropriate to the waste stream and the facility are present in many areas of petroleum marketing facilities. The volume of many individual waste streams m
22、ay not appear impressive; however, significant and worthwhile opportunities exist for sound waste management and source reduction. The term, ?waste minimization,? is used within this publication to encompass both the concepts of waste management and source reduction. API publications may be used by
23、anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publi- cation and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or res
24、ponsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Manufac- turing, Distribution, and Marketing Department,
25、American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. iii API PUBLX1638 94 = 0732290 0541b20 337 CONTENTS SECTION 1-INTRODUCTION Page 1.1 1.2 Organization . 1 1.3 1.4 The Waste Management Hierarchy 2 1.5 Pollution Prevention . 3 1.6 Reference Documents 3 Purpose and Scope . 1 Re
26、gulatory Driving Forces . 1 SECTION 2-FACILITIES ADDRESSED BY THIS DOCUMENT 2.1 Overview 3 2.2 Marketing Terminals 3 2.3 Bulk Plants . 3 2.4 2.5 Asphalt Plants 4 2.6 Aviation Servicing Facilities 4 2.7 Full Automotive Service Facilities 4 2.8 2.9 Remediation Sites 4 Lube Blending 30- or 55-gallon dr
27、ums of fibre, plastic, or steel; and small plastic, glass, or metal cans) are used to store products, such as lubricating oils, greases, re-agents, additives, solvents, cleaners, herbicides, and pesticides. Non-reusable or non-returnable containers or both are a solid waste that may contain residual
28、 hazardous materials. Source reduction can be realized by purchasing as many materials as possible in bulk quantities, thus reducing the number of used containers that require disposal. Recycling or reuse of containers is possible by using manufacturers who offer their products in reusable drums or
29、other containers. For materials that cannot be purchased in bulk or in reusable containers, special precautions should be taken on the disposal of any such containers. Empty drums can be sold to a reliable drum reconditioner and should not be accu- mulated on site. However, note the following precau
30、tions. Landfill disposal and the sale of drums as scrap metal present potential liabilities to the disposer. Consequently, the following precautionary measures should be considered prior to sending containers to an off-site location other than the suppliers facility: a. Remove as much material from
31、the container as possible. b. Call the local environmental agency to determine that the drum disposal or recycling facility is meeting its regulatory responsibilities. c. Visit the drum disposal or recycling facility to assure that the operation is being managed in a legal and environmen- tally soun
32、d manner. Facilities with poor housekeeping prac- tices should be avoided. While the empty containers are being stored prior to trans- port off-site, all drum openings should be securely capped. The drums should be stored with tops up, and under cover where possible. The use of containment curbs, ru
33、n-off diver- sions, and canopies should be considered for container storage areas to prevent contact with stormwater. Used pesticide and herbicide containers may contain resid- uals that are regulated as hazardous waste. Strict inventory control measures should be in place to ensure that pesticides
34、and herbicides are not purchased or stored in excessive quan- tities. The use of outside lawn maintenance and pest control contractors is another alternative for eliminating on-site accu- mulation of pesticides, herbicides, and their containers. In addition, some commercially-available pesticides an
35、d herbi- cides do not contain regulated hazardous constituents. 3.2.3 PIPELINE INTERFACE This material consists of the mixture of product that occurs between different products as they are sent through the pipeline. Interface material is sent to tankage prior to blending back into product or returni
36、ng to a refinery for reprocessing. 3.2.4 ABSORBENTS Absorbents, such as clay or commercially-available mate- rials, are used to absorb spills of liquid product. Used absorbents should be kept separate from other waste for appropriate handling or disposal. Small quantities of contaminated absorbent m
37、aterials may typically be disposed at an authorized landfill. Check with landfill operators about their requirements for these wastes. Off-site incineration also is an option, especially for larger quantities of waste. In some states, used oil and wastes API PUBL*3638 94 0732290 0543629 5b4 M WASTE
38、MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PETROLEUM MARKETING FACILITIES 9 containing oil, including absorbents, are regulated as hazardous wastes and must be handled accordingly. 3.2.5 CONTAMINATED SOIL The most prudent approach to managing this waste stream is to establish policies and procedures that prevent spil
39、ls and leaks from occurring. Good housekeeping practices, including visual inspection of equipment (when feasible), should be utilized. If soil contamination occurs, the cleanup of the site may be strictly regulated and controlled by federal, state, or local authorities. Soils with petroleum hydroca
40、rbons may be used as an aggregate in asphaltic concrete. Soils may also be utilized by cement and brick manufacturing facilities. Refer to USEPA report entitled Potential Reuse of Petroleum Contaminated Soil: A Directory of Permitted Recycling Facilities. Contam- inated soil may be excavated and sen
41、t to a landfill if permitted by state and local regulations. There are several alternatives for on-site treatment of contaminated soil, such as bio-remediation, vapor extraction, bio-venting, thermal treatment, and soils washing. If one of these management options is feasible from a technical and re
42、gulatory standpoint, it may be more practical and cost- effective than excavation and disposal or incineration, since the soil can remain on site, or even in place (see API Publi- cation 1628 and API Publication 1629 for further guidance for remediation of sites). 3.2.6 SPILLS AND LEAKS Minor spills
43、 and leaks may occur during facility opera- tions. They can be minimized with the implementation of an inspection and maintenance program and by maintaining sound operating practices reinforced through periodic employee training sessions. The following good housekeeping and maintenance prac- tices c
44、an help prevent spills and leaks: a. Perform periodic inventory checks to assure storage system integrity. b. Construct and install aboveground and underground storage tanks and piping in accordance with current API standards and recommended practices and with federal, state, and local regulations.
45、c. Utilize inventory control and/or leak detection methods. d. Inspect dispensers, pumps, fill manholes, and piping regu- larly for signs of leakage. Repair defective equipment promptly. e. Keep truck loading overfill protection equipment in good working order. Review truck loading rules; keep them
46、current; and require drivers to follow those rules every time the drivers load. f. Automatic overfill protection and/or high-level alarms may be used to help prevent spills which result from over- filling storage tanks. . . g. Maintain impervious pavement and containment areas in good condition to p
47、revent petroleum products from contacting soil and ground water. h. Install concrete containment slabs or drip pans where pumps, valves, and fittings are concentrated to maximize product recovery if spills or leaks occur and to minimize the usage of absorbents. 3.2.7 HYDROSTATIC TEST WATER Pipelines
48、 and storage tanks may be periodically hydrostat- ically tested to ensure their integrity and in some cases to comply with federal, state, and local regulations. Hydrostatic tank tests should be performed following tank cleaning when possible in order to minimize contamination of the hydrostatic tes
49、t waters. Contaminated hydrostatic test water can either be treated at the facilitys on-site wastewater treatment plant or collected and sent off-site for treatment. 3.3 Facility Wastes Wastes in this category are generated as a result of routine operation and maintenance of the facility. 3.3.1 TANKS, PIPING, VALVES, FITTINGS, AND ACCESSORIES-SCRAP Tanks, piping, valves, and fittings which are no longer serviceable or have reached the end of their useful life have several management options available before being discarded. This waste stream is composed of ferrous and non-fe
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