API PUBL 4644-1997 Methodology for Estimating Incremental Benzene Exposures and Risks Associated with Glycol Dehydrators《乙2醇脱水器估算增量苯暴露与风险的方法》.pdf

1、 STD-APUPTRO- PUBr4b44-ENGL 1997 6 0732270 U5b43Lb 731 W American Petroleum 11 Institute A METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREMENTAL BENZENE EXPOSURES GLYCOL DEHYDRATORS Health and Environmental Sciences Department Publication Number 4644 Febluary 1997 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4644-

2、ENGL I777 I0732270 05b4317 b78 A Methodology for Estimating Incremental Benzene Exposures and Risks Associated With Glycol Dehydrators Health and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4644 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: TEDJOHNSON TRJ ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 713 SHADYLAWN ROAD CHAPEL HIL

3、L, NORTH CAROLINA 27514 FEBRUARY 1997 American Petroleum Institute FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMP

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7、 D.C. 20005. Copyright Q 1997 American Petroleum institute iii - - STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4b44-ENGL 1997 .3 0732290 O5b11319 440 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT: API STAFF CONTAC T P

8、aul Martino, Health and Environmental Sciences Department MEMBERS OF THE E and Joan Abernathy, who provided word process- ing. We also thank Mr. Mike Dusetzina of EPAs Risk and Exposure Assessment Group for providing dispersion modeling data for the analyses described in this report. - STD.API/PETRO

9、 PUBL qb44-ENGL 1997 73229 5b4320 Lb2 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Paqe EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-1 INTRODUCTION . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 SCREENING ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . .

10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 1. 2. 3. AN EPA TEST RUN OF ISC2 USING 45 SELECTED METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4. INITIAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT 5. ESTIMATING INCR

11、EMENTAL BENZENE EXPOSURES AND ASSOCIATED CANCER RISKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 SIMRISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 5-1 DEFAULT DISTRIBUTIONS FOR EXPOSURE FACTORS . . , . . . . .

12、 5-2 CALCULATION OF LIFETIME RISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 6. A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR ESTIMATING 50th AND 95th PERCENTILE VALUES OF LIFETIME RISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 DISCUSSION . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、. . . . . . . 7-1 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 7. 8. Appendix A INITIAL MONTE CARLO ANALYSES BY EPAS RISK AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . A-1 Appendix B 348 METEO

14、ROLOGICAL STATIONS USED IN DISPERSION MODELRUNS . B-1 Appendix C DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR AMBIENT BENZENE CONCENTRATIONS ESTIMATED BY APPLICATION OF ISC2 DISPERSION MODEL TO 348 METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 STD-API/PETRO PUBL qbLi4-ENGL 2797 E 0732270 05b432L UT7 Fiaure 4-1.

15、 4-2. 5-1. 5-2. 6-1. 6-2. 6-3. LIST OF FIGURES Page Estimated Relationships Between 95th Percentile of Outdoor Benzene Concentration (pg/m3) and Distance (Meters) From Glycol Dehydrator for Specified Emission Conditions (Benzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter =

16、2 inches) 4-1 1 Log-Log Plots Showing Estimated Relationships Between 95th Percentile of Outdoor Benzene Concentration (pg/m3) and Distance (Meters) From Glycol Dehydrator for Specified Emission Conditions (Benzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter = 2 inches) 4-1

17、2 Estimated Frequency of Lifetime Risk When Distance to Glycol Dehydrator Equals 300 Meters (Benzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter = 2 inches, and Land Use = Urban) 5-10 Estimate of the 50th Percentile of Lifetime Risk Versus Distance From Glycol Dehydrator (Be

18、nzene Emission Rate = 1 ton/year, Vent Velocity = 2.93 Wsec, Vent Diameter = 2 inches, and Land Use = Urban) . 5-10 Estimate of the 50th Percentile of Lifetime Risk Versus Distance (Meters) for Indicated Benzene Emission Rate (tondyear) and Urban Land Use (2 inches 5 Vent Diameter 5 4 inches, 3.21 Wsec 9 O 8 4-9 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4b44-ENGL 1977 m 0732270 0564345 532 c Lu c3 8 v O 9 r O F o 4-1 O c