1、Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1109 FOURTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2010 ERRATA, NOVEMBER 2010Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities Pipeline Segment API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1109 FOURTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2010 ERRATA, NOVEMBER 2010Special Notes API publications ne
2、cessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either
3、express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, su
4、bcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in t
5、hem; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publica
6、tion may conflict. API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized.
7、 The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicabl
8、e requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and condi- tions should be obtained from the
9、 employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet. Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted. Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in dete
10、rmining the appropriateness of applying the RP. At all times users should employ sound busi- ness, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this RP. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees
11、, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic,
12、mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2010 American Petroleum InstituteForeword Nothing contained in any API publication is to be const
13、rued as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. Shall:
14、 As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification. Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification. This document was produced under API standardiz
15、ation procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was d
16、eveloped should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director. Generally, API stan
17、dards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and m
18、aterials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org. iiiContents Page 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Terms and Defini
20、tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 Conflicting Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . 2 5 Pipeline Facility Marking Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.1 General Description, Use, and Placement of Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. 3 5.2 Types of Posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.3 Line Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.4 Signage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.5 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 Aboveground Pipeline Facility Marking and Signage Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.1 Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.2 Pipeline Facilities Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.3 Sign Placement . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7 Inspections and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Figures 1
27、 Examples of Cross Country Right-of-Way Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 Examples of Cross Country Markers and Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 Line Markers. . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 Line Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . 8 5 Examples of Surface Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 Pipeline Sign for Navigable Waterways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . 10 7 Typical Aerial Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8 Typical Pipeline Facility Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 vIntroduction Pipelines are, for the most part, buried conduits. As such, they operate safely, quietly, and hidden from view, with little disruption to the public or the surrounding environment. These attributes, which are highly desirable in any mode o
32、f transportation, generate the need for an organized system of markers and signs that visually alert the public to the presence of a pipeline and provide a contact number of the Pipeline Operator that can used in the event of an emergency or before excavating near pipelines. Strategic placement of m
33、arkers and signs also helps the pipeline operator to perform right-of-way surveillance, inspections and other day-to-day activities. Pipeline markers are an integral component of an Operators damage prevention and public awareness programs. This RP was prepared by a committee composed of representat
34、ives from pipeline operating companies. Its purpose is to present guidelines concerning the design, fabrication, installation, and maintenance of permanently installed pipeline markers and signs. vi1 Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities 1 Scope 1.1 This recommended practice (RP) addresses th
35、e permanent marking of hazardous liquid pipeline transportation facilities. It covers the design, message, installation, placement, inspection, and maintenance of markers and signs on pipeline facilities located onshore and at inland waterway crossings. Markers and signs indicate the presence of a p
36、ipeline facility and warn of the potential hazards associated with its presence and operation. The markers and signs may contain information to be used by the public when reporting emergencies and seeking assistance in determining the location of a buried pipeline. 1.2 The provisions of this RP cove
37、r the minimum signage (markers and signs) requirements for hazardous liquid pipeline facilities. The pipeline operator is responsible for determining the type and extent of signage. Consideration should be given to the hazardous characteristics of the commodity being transported; the pipelines proxi
38、mity to industrial, commercial, residential, and environmentally sensitive areas; susceptibility to excavation-related damage; consequences of failure; and applicable state and federal laws. Several examples of markers and signs with locations are illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure
39、4, Figure 6, and Figure 8. The pipeline marking programs are integral components of the pipeline operators operations, maintenance and emergency plans, damage prevention programs, and public awareness programs. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the appli
40、cation of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASME B31.4 1 , Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid, Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcoho
41、ls 49 Code of Federal Regulations Part 195 2 , “Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline” 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. 3.1 aerial patrol or air patrol marker A marker observable from the air, which is used to identify a pipelines
42、reference location by the aerial patrol pilot while conducting aerial surveillance of a pipeline right-of-way. NOTE Information on the marker might consist of distance from a point of reference, usually in miles, name or numbers of above ground facilities, direction of the ROW, a Point of Intersecti
43、on (PI) where the ROW turns, or other information useful to the pilot. 3.2 hazardous liquid Petroleum, petroleum products, anhydrous ammonia or carbon dioxide and any substance that may pose an unreasonable risk to life or property when transported by a hazardous liquid pipeline facility in a liquid
44、 state. 1 ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016-5990, www.asme.org. 2 The Code of Federal Regulations is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1109 3.3 line marker or pipeline marker Signage used along the pipeline R
45、OW and at above ground pipeline facilities to alert the public and emergency responders of the presence of a pipeline facility. 49 CFR Part 195.410 specifies certain locations for line markers and the information to be inscribed on them. 3.4 liquid petroleum Crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquid
46、s, liquefied petroleum gas, liquid petroleum products, and refined liquid petroleum products. 3.5 other markers Signage other than aerial patrol, air patrol marker, line marker, or pipeline marker used to identify the presence of a pipeline facility solely for the benefit of a pipeline operator or t
47、o provide additional information concerning the location or facility. 3.6 pipeline facility New and existing pipe, rights-of-way, and any equipment or building used in the transportation of liquid petroleum. 3.7 pipeline operator Any individual, firm, joint venture, partnership, corporation, associa
48、tion, state, municipality, and cooperative association, including any trustee, receiver, assigned or personal representative thereof, who owns and operates a pipeline system. 3.8 pipeline system All parts of a pipeline facility through which hazardous liquid is transported, that includes, but is not
49、 limited to, pipe; valves, and other appurtenances connected to the pipe; pumping units, along with the fabricated assemblies associated with the pumping units; metering and delivery stations and fabricated assemblies therein; and breakout tanks. 3.9 sign A publicly displayed or posted notice, board, or other device bearing letters, symbols, and/or designs to convey a designation, name, direction, information, instruction, warning, or other message. 3.10 signagerefers to permanent signs collectively Aerial patrol or air patrol markers, line markers, pipeline markers, other markers, a
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