1、Recommended Practice for the Care and Handling of Sucker RodsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11BRNINTH EDITION, AUGUST 2008REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2015Recommended Practice for the Care and Handling of Sucker RodsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11BRNINTH EDITION, AUGUST 2008REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2015Special
2、NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or
3、representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor an
4、y of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this recomme
5、nded practice should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this recommended practice should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information con
6、tained herein. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and he
7、reby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and
8、 operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other
9、practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to
10、the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishin
11、g Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2008 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the API Executive Committee on Standardization.Detailed requirements applying to sucker rods are given in API Specification 11B, Specifica
12、tion for Sucker Rods, which also is under the jurisdiction of the API Executive Committee on Standardization.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered
13、by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental pro
14、cess and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institut
15、e, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-tim
16、e extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested
17、revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Selection of API Steel Sucker Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Stress Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Environmental Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 Sucker Rod and Coupling Grade Select
21、ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Allowable Sucker Rod Stress Determination Utilizing Range of Stress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Stress Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 U.S. Customary (USC)
23、Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Metric Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
24、Slim Hole Sucker Rod Coupling Derating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Derating Factor History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . 45.2 Modified Derating Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Sucker Rod Joint Makeup Utilizing Circumferential Displacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
26、.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 Circumferential Displacement Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 General Recommendations, Power Tongs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 Calibration of Power Tongs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 Use of Rod Wrenches for Manual Makeup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Installation of Polished Rod Clamp on Polished Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . 88 Inspection of Used Sucker Rods and Couplings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 Visual Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 Electromagnetic Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.4 Pin End Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.5 Coupling Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.6 Acceptance Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.7 Completion of Inspection . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Corrosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410 Transportation and
34、Handling, Storage, Running and Pulling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410.2 Handling
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.3 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.4 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.5 Running and Pulling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611 Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex A NACE International SP0195, Corrosion Control of Sucke
38、r Rods by Chemical Treatment . . . . . . . . 19Figures1 Modified Goodman Diagram for Allowable Stress and Range of Stress for Sucker Rods in Non-corrosive Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
39、vPage2 Hand-tight Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Made-up Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Tables1 Chemical Composition of Steel Sucker Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Mechanical Strength Properties of Steel Sucker Rods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Recommended Slim-hole Coupling Derating Factors, Fd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Sucker Rod Joint Circumferential Displacement Value Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Color Coding
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Recommended Practice for Care and Handling of Sucker Rods1 ScopeThis recommended practice (RP) covers the care and handling of steel sucker rods, i
43、ncluding guidelines on selection, allowable stress, proper joint makeup, corrosion control and used rod inspection.2 ReferencesThis specification includes by reference, either in total or in part, the most recent editions of the following API, industry, and government standards, unless a specific ed
44、ition is listed:API Specification 11B, Specification for Sucker RodsAPI Technical Report 11L, Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems (Conventional Units)ASNT SNT-TC-1A 1, Recommended Practice, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing NACE MR0174 2, Selecting In
45、hibitors for Use as Sucker-Rod Thread LubricantsNACE SP0195, Corrosion Control of Sucker Rods by Chemical Treatment3 Selection of API Steel Sucker Rods3.1 GeneralThe selection of API grade sucker rods for a beam pump installation depends on a variety of factors, including stress effects, environment
46、al effects and rod grade. 3.2 Stress EffectsSucker rods need to be selected based on applied stresses. API 11L, Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems provides a procedure for calculating the applied loads or stress on a sucker rod string design.Sucker rod strength is limited by the fati
47、gue performance of the rods metal. This useful strength is dependent on the metals tensile strength as shown by Goodman (Goodman, “Mechanics Applied to Engineering” and Kommers, “Effect of Range of Stress and Kind of Stress on Fatigue Life”). This relationship is the basis for Section 4 of this docu
48、ment. According to the Goodman diagram shown in Figure 1, sucker rods operating in a non-corrosive environment and in the proper stress range will theoretically exceed 10 million load reversals. However, the fatigue life can be dramatically decreased by improper installation, design, handling or ope
49、ration even without corrosion. 3.3 Environmental EffectsSucker rods will eventually fail, even if not stressed, when placed in a corrosive environment. There is a reduction in sucker rod and coupling life if placed in a corrosive environment. However, the life of the sucker rod can be extended by the use of an effective corrosion inhibition program. In that case the expected life of a sucker rod can potentially be the same as a rod in a non-corrosive environment. 1American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdStreet, 4thfloor, New York, New York 10036, www.ansi.org.2NACE Internatio
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