1、Recommended Practice for Electric Submersible Pump TestingAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S2SECOND EDITION, AUGUST 1997EFFECTIVE DATE: OCTOBER 1, 1997REAFFIRMED, OCTOBER 2013Recommended Practice for Electric Submersible Pump TestingUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S2SECOND EDITION, AUGUST 1997E
2、FFECTIVE DATE: OCTOBER 1, 1997REAFFIRMED, OCTOBER 2013STD-APIIPETRO RP LLS2-ENGL 1777 W 0732270 05b8002 Ob3 W SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic- ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed
3、. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks andprecautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed- eral laws. Information Conc
4、erning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par- ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet. Nothing contained in any MI publication is to be construed as granting a
5、ny right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, saie, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod- uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con- strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. Generally, API stand
6、ards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extens
7、ion has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. This documen
8、t was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri- ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an MI standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com- ments and questions concerning the procedures
9、 under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the director of the Authoring Department (shown on the title page of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part
10、of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director. API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for appIy- ing sound engineering judgment regarding
11、 when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely
12、responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod- ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmi
13、tted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Contact the Publishel; AH Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N. W, Washington, D.C. 2W.5. Copyright 0 1997 American Petroleum Institute - STD.API/PETRO RP LLSZ-ENGL
14、1997 = 0732290 05bA03 TTT D FOREWORD This publication is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Field Operating Equipment. This document presents recommended practices for centrifugal pump performance testing of electric submersible pumping systems. MI publications may be used by anyone d
15、esiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibilit
16、y for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Authoring Department (shown on the title page of this document), Am
17、erican Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. This standard shall become efective on the date printed on the cover but may be used vol- untarily from the date of distribution. iii STD.API/PETRO RP LLS2-ENGL L777 R 0732290 05bdOOLi 73b D CONTENTS page 1 SCOPE . 1 1.1 Genera
18、l 1 1.2 Coverage . 1 2 DEFINITIONS . 1 3 DATA AND CHARTS: PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES . 1 4 TESTPROCEDURE 2 4.1 Testpoints 2 4.2 Efficiency 2 4.3 Special Testing Considerations 2 4.4 TestOrientation 2 4.5 Testnuid 2 4.6 TestRun-InTime 2 4.7 Speedvariations . 2 4.8 Inlet Pressure Requirements 3 4.9 Instr
19、umentation Accuracy 3 5 TESTCERTIFICATION 3 5.1 Limits . 3 5.2 Acceptance . 3 Tables 1 2 Overall instrument Accuracy 3 Pump Test Acceptance Limits From Published Curve . 3 Figures 1 2 3 Typical Pump Performance Curve 4 Pump Test Acceptance Limits From Published Curve . 5 Typical Pump Performance Cur
20、ve Showing Tolerance Bands . 6 V STD.API/PETRO RP LLS2-ENGL 1797 M 0732270 05b8005 872 = Recommended Practice for Electric Submersible Pump Testing 1 Scope 1.1 GENERAL This recommended practice provides guidelines and proce- dures covering electric submersible pump performance test- ing intended to
21、establish product consistency. These recommended practices are those generally considered appro- priate for the majority of pump applications. 1.2 COVERAGE This recommended practice covers the acceptance testing of electric submersible pumps (sold as new) by the manufac- turer, vendor, or user to th
22、e following prescribed minimum specifications. This recommended practice does not include other electric submersible pump system components. 2 Definitions 2.1 acceptable test point: Test points that fall within the allowable pump test acceptance criteria. 2.2 affinity laws: Relationships between pum
23、p perfor- mance and pump speed ratios. For test purposes, the speed ratios are between rated rpm and test rpm. rated rpm test rpm a. Speed adjusted flow = x test flow b. Speed adjusted head = c. Speed adjusted brake horsepower 3 rated rpm = ( rpm ) x test brake horsepower 2.3 allowable head-flow rat
24、e Performance band: A region on either side of a published head-flow rate perfor- mance curve (see Figure 2). The limits of this band are defined by a series of vectors with their origin on the pub lished head-flow rate performance curve (see Figure 3). The vectors are defined by application of the
25、head and flow toler- ances in Table 2. 2.4 best efficiency point (BEP): Defines pump perfor- mance parameters at the maximum value on the efficiency curve. 2.5 brake horsepower (BHP): The power required by the pump corrected for a fluid with a specific gravity of 1 .O. 2.6 efficiency (EFF): A measur
26、e of power out divided by power in. For the pump only: head x flow rate C x BHP EFF = Where C is for units conversion. 2.7 flow rate: The volumetric rate of fluid delivered by the Pump. 2.8 open flow: The pump flow rate at zero head. 2.9 rated flow: The flow rate at the recommended operat- ing point
27、 of the pump. The flow rate is generally at BEP. 2.10 recommended operating range: Located between the maximum and minimum recommended flow rates. 2.1 1 shut off head: The head at zero flow. 2.12 test open flow: The maximum pump flow rate attainable on test. This rate is between the maximum recom- m
28、ended flow rate and open flow. Note: This value may be limited by test facilities or pump design. 2.13 test shut off: The minimum pump flow rate attain- able on test. This point is between zero flow and the mini- mum recommended flow. Note: This value may be limited by test facilities or pump design
29、. 2.14 total head: The difference between the pump outlet and inlet head in feet. This is the vertical distance, in feet, from the pumping fluid level to the centerline of the pressure gauge, plus the pressure gauge reading converted to feet, plus the friction loss between the pump discharge and pre
30、ssure gauge in feet. 3 Data and Charts: Pump Performance Curves Note: See Figure I. 3.1 The published curves show the discharge head, brake horsepower, and efficiency of the pump as a function of flow rate. Although tests are made on multistage pumps, the pub- lished curves represent performance for
31、 one or more stages of each pump type. All curves are based on multistage perfor- mance tests and do not include horsepower of other compo- nents such as gas separators or seal chambers. 3.2 The curves are based on fresh water at 60F (S.G. = 1 .O), give a recommended operating range for the pump, an
32、d are commonly available for both 50 Hertz (Hz) and 60 Hertz (Hz) operation. 3.3 Manufacturers typically publish representative polyno- mial equations for head and brake horsepower curves. Numerical representation for efficiency is a calculated value from these head and brake horsepower polynomials
33、at a given flow rate. Using polynomial equations is more accurate than 1 STD-API/PETRO RP LLS2-ENGL 1997 0732270 05bd00b 709 = 2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1152 using published curves; therefore, when possible, polynomi- als should be used to verify conformity with certified test points. 4 Test Proced
34、ure 4.1 TESTPOINTS 4.1.1 five points on the published pump performance curve: a. Test open flow. b. Maximum recommended flow rate. c. Rated flow (generally BEP). d. Minimum recommended flow rate. e. Test shut-off. 4.1.2 Certified data: Data for Items 4.1.1.b through 4.1.1.d will be certified. Tests
35、for these points must be conducted within 11z percent of the specified flow. The head and brake horsepower will be reported at the actual test flow rate rather than the specified flow rate. Performance tests shall be conducted at the following 4.2 EFFICIENCY 4.2.1 The efficiency of the pump will be
36、calculated at the rated flow test point. 4.2.2 .An example of an efficiency calculation using a typi- cal published pump performance curve is shown below (see Figure 1): Flow rate = 1160 BPD Head = 28.7 feet Horsepower = 0.386 HP Specific gravity = 1 .O Unit conversion - 1,440 midday x 33,000 ft-1WH
37、P-min = 36,000 bbl fvHP day Eff. = 1160 BPD x 28.7 ft/( 136, OOO x 0.386 HP) = 0.634 - 350 lbslbbl 4.3 SPECIAL TESTING CONSIDERATIONS 4.3.1 Where sections of tandem pumps are tested as indi- vidual units, each section should be evaluated as an indepen- dent pump. 4.3.2 When testing pumps with few st
38、ages (usually less than lo), the intake losses should be considered. 4.3.3 The use of fresh water for testing can result in dam- age caused by freezing or corrosion during shipping and stor- age. 4.4 TEST ORIENTATION The published performance curves are based on vertical testing. If horizontal testi
39、ng is conducted, differences in per- formance may result. The experience of the industry tends to indicate the head is not appreciably changed but the horse- power may increase during horizontal testing. This small dif- ference is normally within the range of operator, equipment, and calibration err
40、or. In addition, industry experience has shown that pumps tested by one orientation routinely test within the specifications of Section 5 when tested in the other direction. 4.5 TESTFLUID The published pump performance curves are based on fresh water at 60F. If alternate fluids are used for testing,
41、 per- formance test results must be corrected to the fresh water per- formance. Other fluids introduce factors (such as viscosity and spe- cific gravity) that require the test data to be corrected. The relationships to convert from one test fluid to a standard water test are illustrated as follows:
42、Head, = total head, x Hvh Flowwa =flow, x Qvh x BHP BHPwater BHP, = - Sp. Gr. Viscosity corrections (HVis, Qvis, BHP) for fluids other than water are empirically derived. Correction factors must be developed for a range of temperatures. 4.6 TEST RUN-IN TIME The test should be established in the reco
43、mmended operat- ing range and the equipment run long enough to achieve sta- ble head and horsepower readings. 4.7 SPEED VARIATIONS 4.7.1 Pumps may be tested with standard motors other than the actual motors used in application. As a result, there may be some speed variations from the nominal value o
44、f 3500 rpm for 60 Hz power. All pump tests should be corrected back to the nominal speed of 3500 rpm. The affinity laws are used to correct to the rated value or for other power line frequencies. If tests are desired for frequencies other than 60 Hz, the same procedures are to be applied with propor
45、tional adjust- ments (e.g., use 2916 rpm for 50 Hz with the same percentage tolerances). 4.7.2 An example of speed correction calculations using test data and rated rpm is shown: Test flow = 1160 BPD Test head = 27.7 feet Test brake horsepower = 0.36 BHP Test rpm = 3520 Rated rprn = 3500 STD-API/PET
46、RO RP 1LS2-ENGL 1977 D 0732290 05b8007 b1i5 D Recommended Practice for Electric Submersible Pump Testing 3 Using the definition of affinity laws (see 2.2), the following Speed adjusted flow Speed adjusted head Speed adjusted brake horsepower = (3500 rpm13520 equations can be established: = (3500 rpd
47、3520 rpm) x 1160 BPD= 1153 BPD = (3500 rpd3520 rpm)2 x 27.7 feet = 27.39 feet x 0.36 BHP = 0.354 BHP 4.8 INLET PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS The inlet pressure to the pump must be above the minimum required by the manufacturer. If there are any inlet or dis- charge pressure limitations, these should be spec
48、ified by the manufacturer. 4.9 INSTRUMENTATION ACCURACY All measurements are inevitably subject to inaccuracies. Table 1 provides the maximum tolerance for instruments used during test. Table l-Overall Instrument Accuracy Quantity Limit (Percent of Full Scale)l Row rate kl.O% Total head *l.O% Electr
49、ical power input *2.0% RPM 10.5% Food engineering practice requires test readings to be as close to the instrument full scale values as possible. Pump brake horsepower will have a f3.0 percent accuracy. Calculated pump efficiency, being a composite of other accu- racies, should not exceed S.0 percent. 5 Test Certification 5.1 LIMITS The limits listed in Table 2 shall apply to manufacturers published performance curves. The limits are graphically shown in Figures 2 and 3. 5.2 ACCEPTANCE 5.2.1 The pump head-flow rate performance is acceptable if the certified test points are within
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