1、Recommended Practice on Electric Submersible System VibrationsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S8 SECOND EDITION, OCTOBER 2012Recommended Practice on Electric Submersible System VibrationsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S8 SECOND EDITION, OCTOBER 2012Special NotesAPI publications necessarily ad
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13、ocess and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institu
14、te, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time e
15、xtension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisio
16、ns are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Vibration Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 Harmonic Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Concepts of Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 Sources of Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 Control of Vibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 Vibration in ESP System
21、s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Vibration Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
22、5.1 Vibration Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.2 Measurement of Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Annex A (informative) Units Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex B (informative) Relationship Between Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . 15Annex C (informative) Classification of Severity of Machinery Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . 18FiguresA.1 Relation of Frequency to the Amplitudes of Displacement and Velocity (USC Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A.2 Relation of Frequency to the Amplitudes of Displacement and Velocity (SI Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14B.1 Displacement, Velocity, and Accelera
26、tion Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Tables1 Vibration Analysis of ESP Phenomena. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A.1 Conversion Factors for Translational Veloc
27、ity and Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A.2 Conversion Factors for Rotational Velocity and Acceleration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A.3 Conversion Factors for Simple Harmonic Motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13C.1 Vibration Severity Criteria (After ISO IS 2372: 1974) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16C.2 Vibration Severity Criteria (After Training Manual IRD Mechanalysis, Columbia, Ohio). .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 17v1Recommended Practice on Electric Submersible Pump System Vibrations1 ScopeThis Recommended Practice (RP) provides guidelines to establish consistency in the control and analysis of electric submersible pump (ESP) system vibrations. This document is considered appropriate
30、 for the testing of ESP systems and subsystems for the majority of ESP applications.This RP covers the vibration limits, testing, and analysis of ESP systems and subsystems.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refe
31、rences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API Recommended Practice 11S4, Recommended Practice for Sizing and Selection of Electric Submersible Pump InstallationsAPI Recommended Practice 11S7, Reco
32、mmended Practice on Application and Testing of Electric Submersible Pump Seal Chamber SectionsISO 2372:1974 1, Mechanical vibration of machines with operating speeds from 10 to 200 rev/sBasis for specifying evaluation standards (replaced by 10816-1:1995)William T. Thompson, Theory of Vibration, Pren
33、tice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, N. J., 1965, pg. 243.3 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1acceleration aA vector quantity that specifies the time rate of change of velocity, both linear and angular. Common units are in./sec2(cm/sec2) and radians/se
34、c2.3.2amplitudeThe maximum value of a periodic quantity.3.3angular frequency circular frequencyThe frequency multiplied by 2, in radians per unit time, applicable to a periodic quantity.3.4balancingA procedure for adjusting the mass distribution of a rotor so that rotating imbalance, as seen by vibr
35、ation of the journals or the forces on the bearings at once-per-revolution, is reduced or controlled.1International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, www.iso.org.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S83.5critical speedA speed of a ro
36、tating system that corresponds to a natural frequency of the system.3.6dampingThe dissipation of energy with time.3.7displacementdA vector quantity that specifies the change of position of a body or particle and is usually measured from its position of rest. Displacement is expressed in mils (1 mil
37、= 0.001 in.) or millimeters (1 mm = 103 m).3.8excitationAn external force (or other input) applied to a system that causes the system to respond in some way.3.93.9filterAn analog or digital device for separating signals on the basis of their frequency. It introduces relatively small loss to signals
38、in one or more frequency bands and relatively large loss to signals at other frequencies.3.10forced vibrationOscillation of a system if the response is imposed by continuous excitation.3.11foundation supportA structure that supports the loads of a mechanical system. It may be fixed in space, or it m
39、ay undergo a motion that provides excitation for the supported system.3.12frequency fThe reciprocal of the period of a function in time.NOTE 1 The unit is cycle per unit time.NOTE 2 The unit cycle per second is called Hertz (Hz).3.13fundamental frequencyThe lowest natural frequency of an oscillating
40、 system.3.14gThe acceleration produced by the force of gravity, which varies with latitude and elevation at the point of observation. NOTE By international agreement, the value 32.1739 ft/sec2= 386.087 in./sec2= 980.665 cm/sec2has been chosen as the standard acceleration due to gravity.RECOMMENDED P
41、RACTICE ON ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP SYSTEM VIBRATIONS 33.15GThe ratio of local acceleration to the acceleration of gravity. NOTE For example, an acceleration of 38.6 in./sec2(98.1 cm/sec2) is written as 0.1G.3.16isolationA reduction in the response of a system to an external excitation, attained by
42、 the use of a resilient support.3.17natural frequencyfnA frequency of free vibration of a system. NOTE There are a large number of natural frequencies in complicated systems, though normally only a few have energy contents high enough to be of concern.3.18oscillationThe time variation of the magnitu
43、de of a quantity (e.g. displacement).3.19peak-to-peak displacement dpp The algebraic difference between the extremes of the displacement of a vibrating quantity.NOTE This is twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal displacement.3.20peak velocityThe maximum velocity occurring during normal sinusoidal di
44、splacement.NOTE Housing or case vibration is normally measured in units of peak velocity.3.21periodThe time interval to complete one cycle of sinusoidal oscillation, usually expressed in seconds.3.22resonanceSituation when the forcing frequency is at or near a system natural frequency when a forced
45、vibration exists.NOTE Any change, however small, in the frequency of excitation results in a decrease in the response of the system.3.23rotating speed NThe frequency at which the mechanical system rotates, generally expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM).3.24simple harmonic motionA motion in whic
46、h the displacement is a sinusoidal function of time.NOTE Sometimes it is designated by the term harmonic motion.4 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11S83.25steady-state vibrationVibration that exists when period and amplitude are constant.3.26stiffnessThe ratio of change of force (or torque) to the correspon
47、ding change in translational (or rotational) deflection of an elastic element.3.27subharmonicA sinusoidal quantity having a frequency that is a fraction of the fundamental frequency.3.28synchronous vibrationThe filtered component of vibration at the frequency that corresponds to the machine rotating
48、 speed.3.29transducerpickupA device that converts vibration or shock motion to an optical, a mechanical, or most commonly to an electrical signal that is proportional to a parameter of the experienced motion.3.30velocityvA vector quantity that specifies the time rate of change of displacement with r
49、espect to a reference time frame.3.31vibrationA term that describes oscillation in a mechanical system.3.32vibration meterAn apparatus for the measurement of displacement, velocity, or acceleration of a vibrating body.4 Vibration Analysis4.1 Harmonic MotionA system that experiences simple harmonic motion follows a displacement pattern defined by:(1)wheref is the frequency of the simple harmonic motion; = 2f is the corresponding angular frequency;t is the time;dois the amplitude of displacement.Ddo2ft()sin dot()sin=RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ON ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP SYSTEM VIB
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