1、Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary EquipmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 17L2FIRST EDITION, MARCH 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.N
2、either API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for
3、 any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used b
4、y anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or respo
5、nsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not i
6、ntended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or mate
7、rials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Classified areas may vary
8、depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any givensituation. Users of this Recommended Practice should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Recommended Practice should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this
9、document.Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information containedherein. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
10、 recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2013 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right,
11、 by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall
12、” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure app
13、ropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writ
14、ing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffi
15、rmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 12
16、20 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date ofd
17、istribution. Standards referenced herein may be replaced by other international or national standards that can beshown to meet or exceed the requirements of the referenced standard.This standard is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Subsea Production Systems. APISubcommittee 17 docume
18、nts consists of the following: RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production SystemsGeneral Requirements and Recommendations RP 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe RP 17C, Recommended Practice on TFL (Through Flowline) Systems Spec 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production SystemsSu
19、bsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment Spec 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals Spec 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers RP 17H, Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems Spec 17J, Specifica
20、tion for Unbonded Flexible Pipe Spec 17K, Specification for Bonded Flexible Pipe Spec 17L1, Specification for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment RP 17M, Recommended Practice on Remotely Operated Tool (ROT) Intervention Systems RP 17N
21、, Recommended Practice for Subsea Production System Reliability and Technical Risk Management RP 17O, Recommended Practice for Subsea High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS) RP 17P, Subsea Structures and Manifolds (in press) RP 17Q, Subsea Equipment QualificationStandardized Process for D
22、ocumentationiiivContents page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References 2 3 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviated terms. 3 3.1 Terms and Definitions 3 3.2 Symbols and Abbreviated Terms 14 4 General Recommendations . 16 4.1 Introduction . 16 4.2 Ancillary Equipment Description 18 4.3 Design Considerations . 39 4
23、.4 Materials . 43 4.5 Analysis Considerations 45 4.6 Prototype Testing 47 4.7 Manufacturing . 50 4.8 Handling, Transportation and Installation 52 4.9 Integrity Management . 53 5 Bend Stiffeners 56 5.1 Applicability . 56 5.2 Design Considerations . 56 5.3 Materials . 67 5.4 Analysis Considerations 69
24、 5.5 Prototype Testing 72 5.6 Manufacturing . 74 5.7 Handling, Transportation and Installation 76 5.8 Integrity Management . 77 6 Bend Restrictors . 78 6.1 Applicability . 78 6.2 Design Considerations . 78 6.3 Materials . 84 6.4 Analysis Considerations 86 6.5 Prototype Testing 90 6.6 Manufacturing .
25、 92 6.7 Handling and Installation . 93 6.8 Integrity Management . 94 7 Bellmouths . 99 7.1 General . 99 7.2 Design Considerations . 99 7.3 Materials . 102 7.4 Analysis Considerations 103 7.5 Manufacturing ProcessMetallic Bellmouths . 105 7.6 Prototype Tests . 106 7.7 Installation . 108 7.8 Integrity
26、 Management . 108 8 Buoyancy and Ballast Modules . 112 8.1 Applicability . 112 8.2 Design Considerations . 112 8.3 Materials . 121 8.4 Analysis Considerations 124 8.5 Prototype Tests . 125 8.6 Manufacturing . 127 8.7 Handling and Installation . 129 vi8.8 Integrity Management . 131 9 Subsea Buoys . 1
27、36 9.1 Applicability . 136 9.2 Design Considerations . 136 9.3 Materials . 143 9.4 Analysis Considerations 144 9.5 Prototype Testing 146 9.6 Manufacturing . 146 9.7 Handling and Installation . 147 9.8 Integrity Management . 150 9.9 DecommissioningBuoyancy Tank Subsea Buoys . 151 10 Tethers . 155 10.
28、1 Applicability . 155 10.2 Design Considerations . 155 10.3 Materials . 157 10.4 Analysis Considerations 158 10.5 Prototype Testing 158 10.6 Manufacturing . 159 10.7 Handling and Installation . 159 10.8 Integrity Management . 160 11 Riser and Tether Bases 164 11.1 Applicability . 164 11.2 Design Con
29、siderations . 164 11.3 Analysis Considerations 166 11.4 Handling and Installation . 168 11.5 Integrity Management . 169 12 General Clamping Device Recommendations . 174 12.1 General . 174 12.2 Design Considerations . 174 12.3 Materials . 175 12.4 Prototype Testing 176 12.5 Installation . 177 13 Subs
30、ea Buoy Clamps . 177 13.1 Applicability . 177 13.2 Design Considerations . 177 13.3 Materials . 180 13.4 Analysis Considerations 180 13.5 Manufacturing . 181 13.6 Prototype Tests . 181 13.7 Installation . 182 13.8 Integrity Management . 182 14 Tether Clamps . 186 14.1 Applicability . 186 14.2 Design
31、 Considerations . 186 14.3 Materials . 190 14.4 Analysis Considerations 191 14.5 Prototype Tests . 192 14.6 Manufacturing . 192 14.7 Installation . 193 14.8 Integrity Management . 194 15 Piggy-back Systems . 198 15.1 Applicability . 198 vii15.2 Design Considerations . 198 15.3 Materials . 201 15.4 A
32、nalysis Considerations 202 15.5 Manufacturing . 202 15.6 Prototype Testing 203 15.7 Installation . 204 15.8 Integrity Management . 205 16 Repair Clamps . 211 16.1 Applicability . 211 16.2 Design Considerations . 211 16.3 Materials . 213 16.4 Analysis Considerations 213 16.5 Installation . 214 16.6 I
33、ntegrity Management . 216 17 I/J-tube Seals . 220 17.1 Applicability . 220 17.2 Design Considerations . 220 17.3 Materials . 226 17.4 Manufacturing . 226 17.5 Prototype Testing 227 17.6 I/J-tube Seal Installation . 228 17.7 Integrity Management . 229 18 Pull-in Heads . 232 18.1 General . 232 18.2 De
34、sign Considerations . 232 18.3 Analysis Considerations 233 18.4 Integrity Management . 233 19 Chinese Fingers/Cable Grips . 235 19.1 Design Considerations . 235 19.2 Chinese Finger Materials . 235 19.3 Analysis Considerations 235 19.4 Prototype Testing 235 19.5 Handling and Installation . 237 19.6 I
35、ntegrity Management . 239 20 Connectors 239 20.1 Applicability . 239 20.2 Design Considerations . 240 20.3 Analysis Considerations 240 20.4 Manufacturing . 241 20.5 Prototype Testing 241 20.6 Handling and Installation . 242 20.7 Integrity Management . 242 21 Load-transferring Devices . 245 21.1 Appl
36、icability . 245 21.2 Design Considerations . 245 21.3 Analysis ConsiderationsLocal Analysis . 247 21.4 Installation . 247 21.5 Integrity Management . 249 22 Mechanical Protection 252 22.1 Applicability . 252 22.2 Design Considerations . 252 22.3 Materials . 254 viii22.4 Analysis Considerations 255 2
37、2.5 Prototype Testing 256 22.6 Handling and Installation . 259 22.7 Integrity Management . 260 23 Fire Protection . 264 23.1 Applicability . 264 23.2 Design Considerations . 264 23.3 Materials . 266 23.4 Analysis Considerations 267 23.5 Prototype Testing 267 23.6 Installation . 270 23.7 Integrity Ma
38、nagement . 270 Bibliography . 272 ixIntroduction This Recommended Practice is the result of a Joint Industry Project to develop a worldwide industry standard for the design, material selection, analysis, testing, manufacture, handling, transportation, installation and integrity management of flexibl
39、e pipe ancillary equipment. The objective of this Recommended Practice is to provide an integrated approach, together with API 17B, API 17J and API 17L1, to the design of flexible pipe systems. Therefore it is intended that this Recommended Practice be used in close conjunction with these documents.
40、 The majority of ancillary equipment is custom-built and can be designed and manufactured in a variety of methods. It is not the intent of this Recommended Practice to discourage novel or new developments in ancillary equipment. On the contrary, it is recognized that a variety of designs and methods
41、 are possible. For this reason, some topics are presented in general terms to provide guidance to the user while still leaving open the possibility of using alternative approaches. The reader should be aware that ancillary equipment technology (concepts, design and analysis methodologies and criteri
42、a, components manufacturing and testing, operational roles and demands, maintenance and inspection, etc.) is in a state of rapid and continuing evolution. Potential users therefore need to apply care in their application of the recommendations herein. Within this document, “shall” is used to state t
43、hat a provision is mandatory; “should” is used to state that a provision is not mandatory, but is recommended as good practice; “may” is used to state that a provision is optional. Systeme Internationale (SI) units are identified first when cited in the document. United States Customary (USC) units
44、may be given in brackets after the SI units. 1Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment 1 Scope This Recommended Practice provides guidelines for the design, materials selection, analysis, testing, manufacture, handling, transportation, installation and integrity management of flexi
45、ble pipe ancillary equipment. It supplements API 17L1, which specifies minimum requirements for the design, material selection, manufacture, documentation, testing, marking and packaging of flexible pipe ancillary equipment. This Recommended Practice presents the current best practice for design and
46、 procurement of ancillary equipment, and gives guidance on the implementation of the specification for standard flexible pipe ancillary products. In addition, this Recommended Practice presents guidelines on the qualification of prototype products. The applicability relating to a specific item of an
47、cillary equipment within this Recommended Practice is stated at the beginning of the section dedicated to that item of ancillary equipment. This Recommended Practice applies to the following flexible pipe ancillary equipment: bend stiffeners; bend restrictors; bellmouths; buoyancy modules and ballas
48、t modules; subsea buoys; tethers for subsea buoys and tether clamps; riser and tether bases; clamping devices; piggy-back clamps; repair clamps; I/J-tube seals; pull-in heads/installation aids; connectors; load-transfer devices; mechanical protection; fire protection. This document may be used for b
49、onded flexible pipe ancillary equipment, though any requirements specific to these applications are not addressed. 2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 17L2 Where relevant, the applicability of recommendations to umbilicals is indicated in the applicability section for the ancillary equipment in question. This Recommended Practice does not cover flexible pipe ancillary equipment beyond the connector, with the exception of riser bases and load-transfer devices. Therefore this document does not cover turret structures or I-tubes and J-tube
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