1、Process Industry PracticesRecommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation DesignAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 686SECOND EDITION, DECEMBER 2009Process Industry PracticesRecommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation DesignDownstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 686SEC
2、OND EDITION, DECEMBER 2009Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or oth
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5、 the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any
6、 authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regardin
7、g when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is s
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10、ontained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liabil
11、ity for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.This
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14、ddressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 6
15、82-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iii
16、ContentsPageChapter 1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1Chapter 2Rigging and Lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . .2-1Chapter 3Jobsite Receiving and Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1Chapter 4Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . .4-1Chapter 5Mounting Plate Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1Chapter 6Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . .6-1Chapter 7Shaft Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1Chapter 8Lubrication Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . .8-1Chapter 9Commisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-1vProcess Industry PracticesRecommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation DesignChapter 1IntroductionDownstream S
21、egmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 686SECOND EDITION, DECEMBER 2009ContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11.1 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11.2 Life Cycle Cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11.3 Contrac
23、tual Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11.4 Equipment Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . .1-11.5 Alternative Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11.6 Conflicting Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11-1Recommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation DesignChapter 1Introduction1
26、 Scope1.1 PurposeThis recommended practice (RP) is intended to provide recommended procedures, practices, and checklists for the installation and precommissioning of new, existing, and reapplied machinery and to assist with the installation design of such machinery for petroleum, chemical, and gas i
27、ndustry services facilities. In general, this RP is intended to supplement vendor instructions and the instructions provided by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) should be carefully followed with regard to equipment installation and checkout. Most major topics of this RP are subdivided into
28、sections of “Installation Design” and “Installation” with the intent being that each section can be removed and used as needed by the appropriate design or installation personnel. 1.2 Life Cycle CostIt is the intent of this document to facilitate machinery installations that will provide the user wi
29、th a reduced overall life-cycle cost of equipment ownership. 1.3 Contractual RequirementsAPI 686 is written such that it can be used as a contractual document between an owner company and an engineering and construction (E also known as a maintenance dropout system.2.6 bolt bound Where any hold-down
30、 bolt is not free in the bolt hole, so that the ability to move the moveable element in a machinery train horizontally or axially is constrained.2.7 breakout spool A short, flanged length of pipe immediately connected to the machinery piping flanges. Lengths vary with the size of the pipe but range
31、from 15 cm (6 in.) to 1 m (3 ft). The purposes of this spool are to facilitate machinery installation, allow piping modification to reduce pipe strain, isolate the machinery, facilitate commissioning activities such as flushing or blowing lines, and allow removal of temporary inlet strainers; also k
32、nown as a dropout spool.2.8 cementatious grout A type of grout material that is portland cement based.2.9 chockplate A solid steel (or alloy steel) plate with a machined top surface that is grouted to a concrete foundation to support and maintain alignment of a machinery structural steel baseplate.2
33、.10 combination misalignment When the centerlines of two adjacent shafts are neither parallel nor intersect. This misalignment is normally described in both angular and offset terms.2.11 condensing service A gas stream that contains a vapor component that may condense to a liquid during startup, ope
34、ration, or shutting-down of a compressor or blower. This may include pure vapors such as refrigerants as well as hydrocarbon gas RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MACHINERY INSTALLATION AND INSTALLATION DESIGN, CHAPTER 11-3streams. When condensate is present in the gas stream, the term wet gas may be used. W
35、et gas may also be used as a synonym to condensing service.2.12 critical service Critical service is typically defined as those applications that are unspared /single-train installations whereby loss of operation would result in significant loss of production, loss of primary process containment, or
36、 threat to personnel safety.2.13 dead-leg A length of piping with no flow.2.14 drop point A vertical section of oil mist distribution piping that is usually smaller in diameter than the main oil mist header. This piping rises out of a tee in the main oil mist header, turns horizontally, and extends
37、downward to the machinery being lubricated. 2.15 elastomeric coupling A coupling that obtains its flexibility from the flexing of an elastomeric element.2.16 engineering designer The person or organization charged with the project responsibility of supplying installation drawings and procedures for
38、installing machinery in a user facility after machinery has been delivered. In general, but not always, the engineering designer specifies machinery in the user facility. 2.17 epoxy grout A type of grout material that consists of a resin base that is mixed with a curing agent (hardener) and usually
39、an aggregate filler.2.18 equipment installer The person or organization charged with providing engineering services and labor required to install machinery in a user facility after machinery has been delivered. In general, but not always, the installer is the project construction contractor. 2.19 eq
40、uipment train Two or more rotating equipment machinery elements consisting of at least one driver and one driven element joined together by a coupling.2.20 equipment user The person or organization charged with operation of the rotating machinery. In general, but not always, the equipment user owns
41、and maintains the rotating machinery after the project is complete.2.21 final alignment The aligning of two adjacent machinery shafts after the measurement of piping-imposed strains on the machinery are verified as being within the specified tolerances. 1-4 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 6862.22 flexible-
42、element coupling A type of rotating machinery coupling that describes both disk and diaphragm couplings. A flexible-element coupling obtains its flexibility from the flexing of thin disks or diaphragm elements.2.23 gear coupling A type of rotating machinery coupling that obtains its flexibility by r
43、elative rocking and sliding motion between mating, profiled gear teeth.2.24 general-purpose Refers to an application that is usually spared or is in noncritical service.2.25 general-purpose equipment trains Those trains that have all general-purpose elements in the train. They are usually spared, re
44、latively small in size (power), or in noncritical service. They are intended for applications where process conditions will not exceed 48 bar gauge (700 lb/in.2gauge) pressure or 205 C (400 F) temperature (excluding steam turbines), or both, and where speed will not exceed 5000 revolutions per minut
45、e (rpm). NOTE General-purpose equipment trains have all elements that are either manufacturers standard or are covered by standards such as the following: ASME B73 pumps, small API 610 pumps, fans, API 611 steam turbines, API 672 air compressors, API 677 general-purpose gears, API 674 reciprocating
46、pumps, API 676 rotary positive displacement pumps, API 680 reciprocating air compressors, and NEMA frame motors.2.26 grout An epoxy or cementatious material used to provide a uniform foundation support and load transfer link for the installation of rotating machinery. This material is typically plac
47、ed between a piece of equipments concrete foundation and its mounting plate (see 2.32). 2.27 grout pin A metallic pin or dowel used to tie an epoxy grout pour to its concrete foundation to prevent delamination (or edge lifting) due to differential thermal expansion between the grout and the concrete
48、.2.28 head box A device used to funnel grout into a baseplate grout fill-hole so as to provide a static head to aid in filling all baseplate cavities with grout.2.29 isolation block valve A valve used to isolate a process machine preparatory to maintenance. Also known as a block valve or isolation v
49、alve.2.30 mechanical piping analysis An analysis of the piping connected to a machine to determine the stresses and deflections of the piping resulting from temperature, pressure, and dynamic loadings such as pulsating flow (mixed phased flow). Determination of the type, location, and orientation of piping supports and piping guides results from this analysis. RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MACHINERY INSTALLATION AND INSTALLATION DESIGN, CHAPTER 11-52.31 minimum flow bypass See recycle line.2.32 mounting plate A device used to attach equipment to concrete foundations; includes b
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