1、Environmental Protection for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operations and LeasesAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 51R FIRST EDITION, JULY 2009REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2015Environmental Protection for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operations and LeasesUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 51R FIRST EDITION,
2、JULY 2009REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2015Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees
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17、sion of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions a
18、re invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 References for Operations on Federal Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 References for All Onshore Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Government Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Surface Owners and Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Lease Roads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . 35.3 Design and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 Primitive or Nonconstructed Roads and Routes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . 75.5 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 Reclamation and Abandonment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Producing, Injection/Disposal Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 Completion, Stimulation, and Workover Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 Well Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 Well Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.4 Plugging and Abandonment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Lease Gathering and System Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.2 Route Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.3 Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.4 Construction a
32、nd Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.5 Operation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
33、.6 Abandonment of Gathering and System Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Production and Water Handling Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.1 Requirem
34、ent Determination (Preplanning Considerations). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.2 Site Selection Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.3 Facility Design
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.4 Construction Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . 258.5 Operation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.6 Waste and Residual Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . 278.7 Spill Prevention, Response, and Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.8 Environmental Assessment Before Purchase or Sale of Existing Fields and Leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.9 Closure and Aban
38、donment of Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Annex A Good Neighbor Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34v1Environmenta
39、l Protection for Onshore Oil andGas Production Operations and Leases1 ScopeThis standard provides environmentally sound practices for domestic onshore oil and gas production operations. It is intended to be applicable to contractors as well as operators. Facilities within the scope of this document
40、include all production facilities, including produced water handling facilities. Offshore and arctic areas are beyond the scope of this document. Operational coverage begins with the design and construction of access roads and well locations, and includes reclamation, abandonment, and restoration op
41、erations. Gas compression for transmission purposes or production operations, such as gas lift, pressure maintenance, or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is included; however, gas processing for liquids recovery is not addressed. Annex A provides guidance for a company to consider as a “good neighbor.” 2
42、 References2.1 Normative ReferencesThis recommended practice (RP) includes by reference, either in total or in part, the following standards and publications. Users should investigate use of the appropriate portion of the most recent editions of the publications listed below.API, API Environmental G
43、uidance Document: Onshore Solid Waste Management in Exploration and Production OperationsAPI, Guidelines for Commercial Exploration and Production Waste Management Facilities API Bulletin E2, Bulletin on Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Oil and Gas ProductionAPI Bull
44、etin E3, Environmental Guidance Document: Well Abandonment and Inactive Well Practices for U.S. Exploration and Production Operations API Specification 7B-11C, Specification for Internal-Combustion Reciprocating Engines for Oil-Field ServiceAPI Recommended Practice 7C-11F, Recommended Practice for I
45、nstallation, Maintenance, and Operation of Internal-Combustion EnginesAPI Recommended Practice 11ER, Recommended Practice for Guarding of Pumping Units API Bulletin 11K, Data Sheet for the Design of Air Exchange CoolersAPI Specification 11N, Specification for Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT)
46、EquipmentAPI Specification 12B, Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsAPI Specification 12D, Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsAPI Specification 12F, Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsAPI Specification 1
47、2J, Specification for Oil and Gas Separators2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 51RAPI Specification 12K, Specification for Indirect Type Oilfield HeatersAPI Specification 12L, Specification for Vertical and Horizontal Emulsion TreatersAPI Recommended Practice 12N, Recommended Practice for the Operation, Mai
48、ntenance and Testing of Firebox Flame ArrestersAPI Specification 12P, Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic TanksAPI Recommended Practice 12R1, Recommended Practice for Setting, Maintenance, Inspection, Operation, and Repair of Tanks in Production Service API Recommended Practice 49, Recom
49、mended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations Involving Hydrogen SulfideAPI Recommended Practice 53, Recommended Practices for Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling WellsAPI Recommended Practice 55, Recommended Practices for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen SulfideAPI Bulletin 75L, Guidance Document for the Development of a Safety and Environmental Management System for Onshore Oil and Natural Gas Production Operations and Associated ActivitiesAPI Recommended Practice 2350, Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petrol
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