API RP 54-1999 Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations (THIRD EDITION)《石油天然气钻井和修井作业的职业安全指导.第3版》.pdf

1、Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing OperationsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 54THIRD EDITION, AUGUST 1999REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing OperationsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOM

2、MENDED PRACTICE 54THIRD EDITION, AUGUST 1999REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties o

3、f employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper prec

4、autions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the

5、manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or with

6、drawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status o

7、f the publication can be ascertained from the API Upstream Segment telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures tha

8、t ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be direc

9、ted in writing to the general manager of the Upstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the general manager.API standards a

10、re published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API s

11、tandards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not

12、 represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior

13、 written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1999 American Petroleum InstituteIMPORTANT INFORMATION CONCERNING USE OF ASBESTOS OR ALTERNATIVE MATERIALSAsbestos is specified or referenced for certain comp

14、onents of the equipment described in some API standards. It has been of extreme usefulness in minimizing fire hazards associated with petroleum processing. It has also been a universal sealing material, compatible with most refining fluid services.Certain serious adverse health effects are associate

15、d with asbestos, among them the seri-ous and often fatal diseases of lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the chest and abdominal linings). The degree of exposure to asbestos varies with the product and the work practices involved.Consult the most recent edition of the Occupational

16、 Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Standard for Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite, 29 Code of Federal Regulations Section 1910.1001; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Standard for Asbestos, 40

17、Code of Federal Regulations Sections 61.140 through 61.156; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule on labeling requirements and phased banning of asbestos products (Sections 763.160-179).There are currently in use and under development a number of substitute materials to replace asb

18、estos in certain applications. Manufacturers and users are encouraged to develop and use effective substitute materials that can meet the specifications for, and operating requirements of, the equipment to which they would apply.SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR PRODUCTS OR MA

19、TERIALS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THAT PRODUCT OR MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.iiiFOREWORDThis recommended practice was prepared by the API Subcommittee on Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations. It represent

20、s the combined contributions of industry representatives from the oil and gas well drilling, production, and well servicing segments who served on this subcommittee. This Third Edition supersedes and replaces the Second Edition, May 1992. This pub-lication is under the jurisdiction of the American P

21、etroleum Institute Upstream Departments Executive Committee on Drilling and Production Operations. The goal of this recommended practice is to assist the oil and gas industry in promoting personnel and public safety. This publication has intentionally stressed recommended safe operating practices co

22、ncen-trating on personnel and public safety as differentiated from equipment safety and operations efficiency. THE PUBLICATION DOES NOT, HOWEVER, PURPORT TO BE SO COMPREHENSIVE AS TO PRESENT ALL OF THE RECOMMENDED SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES THAT CAN AFFECT SAFETY IN OIL AND GAS WELL DRILLING AND SERVI

23、CING OPERATIONS. It is intended that this voluntary recommended practice will promote and maintain safe working con-ditions for personnel engaged in well drilling and servicing operations, including special services as they relate to the operation of drilling and well servicing rigs. Every effort ha

24、s been made by API to assure the accuracy and reliability of data contained in this document. However, the Institute makes no representa-tion, warranty, or guarantee in connection with the publication of this recommended practice and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for los

25、s or application hereunder or for any violation of local, state, or federal laws with which the contents may conflict. INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICU-LAR MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR

26、SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). Users of this publication are reminded that constantly developing technology and specialized or lim-ited operations do not permit complete coverage of all operations or alternatives. Recommendations pre-sented herein are not intend

27、ed to inhibit developing technology and equipment improvements or improved operational procedures. This document is not a substitute for qualified engineering analysis and judgment to fit the specific operations situation. The publication is available for review by federal and state agencies or auth

28、orities and possible use as a model safe practice to assist in preparation or revision of occupational safety codes or regulations. Rec-ommendations set forth in this publication are viewed as one satisfactory method for accomplishing a desired result. They should not be considered as the only metho

29、d for achieving the desired results. This publication includes usage of the verbs “shall” and “should,” whichever is deemed most applicable for the specific situation. For the purposes of this publication, the following definitions are applicable: Shall: Denotes that the recommended practice has uni

30、versal application to that specific activity. Should: Denotes a recommended practice: (1) where a safe comparable alternative practice is avail-able; (2) that may be impractical under certain circumstances; or (3) that may be unnecessary for person-nel safety under certain circumstances. Proposed ch

31、anges in these interpretations and usages should be brought to the attention of the respon-sible authorizing committee to determine that the intent of the publication will be sustained.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the

32、 accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no rep-resentation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any fe

33、deral, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of the Upstream Seg-ment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. ivCONTENTSPage1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、 . . . . . .13 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23.1 General Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 INJURIES AND FIRST AID . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.2 Medical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.3 First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.4 Emergency Eye or Body Wash Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.2 Wearing Apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、. .75.3 Hearing Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.4 Respiratory Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.5 Fall Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、. . . . . . . . . . . .96.2 Over Water Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.3 Preliminary Rig-Up Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.4 Blowout Prevention Equipment for Drilling and

43、 Well Servicing Operations . .106.5 Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.6 Hydrogen Sulfide Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.7 Confined Space, Excavations, or

44、Hazardous Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.8 Machinery and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.9 Lockout/Tagout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.10 Au

45、xiliary Escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136.11 Personnel Lifting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136.12 Racking Tubulars and Drill Collars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136.13 Handling Drilling Fluid Chemicals and Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137.1 Fire Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137.2 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、.148.1 Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148.2 Fuel and Oil Transfers and Refueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148.3 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158.4 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15vPage9 DRILLING AND WELL SERVICING RIG EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169.2 Derricks and Masts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169.3 Ladders, Stairways, and Platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .