1、Procedures for Inspection, Maintenance, Repair, and Remanufacture of Drilling EquipmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7LFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 1995ADDENDUM 1: FEBRUARY 2006ADDENDUM 2: MARCH 2006REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2012Procedures for Inspection, Maintenance, Repair, and Remanufacture of Drilling EquipmentE
2、xploration and Production DepartmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7LFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 1995ADDENDUM 1: FEBRUARY 2006ADDENDUM 2: MARCH 2006REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2012iiSPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to par-ticular circumstances, local, state,
3、and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under
4、local, state, orfederal laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect toparticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufac-turer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API p
5、ublication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, orproduct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication beconstrued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of
6、letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least ev-ery five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this re-view cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication dateas an operat
7、ive API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication.Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department telephone(202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and up-dated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., W
8、ashington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appro-priate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as anAPI standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard orcomments and quest
9、ions concerning the procedures under which this standard was devel-oped should be directed in writing to the director of the Exploration and Production De-partment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any
10、part of the material publishedherein should also be addressed to the director.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been madeby the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however,the Institute makes no representation, warr
11、anty, or guarantee in connection with this pub-lication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damageresulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation withwhich this publication may conflict.API standards are published to f
12、acilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized.The formulation and publication of API standards is not in
13、tended in any way to inhibit any-one from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant
14、, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other-wise, without prior written permission
15、 from the publisher. Contact API Publications Manager, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 1995 American Petroleum InstituteiiiFOREWORDThis recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the American Petroleum Institute(API) Subcommittee on Standardization of Drilling and Servicin
16、g Equipment, as approvedby letter ballot in June 1994. This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be usedvoluntarily from the date of distribution.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been madeby the Institute to assure the acc
17、uracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however,the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this pub-lication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damageresulting from its use or for the violation of any federal,
18、 state, or municipal regulation withwhich this publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Explo-ration and Production Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20005.vCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . 11.1 Objectiv
19、e 11.2 Procedure Development . 11.3 Personnel Qualifications 11.4 Documentation . 12 REFERENCES 13 DEFINITIONS . 14 INSPECTION 24.1 Inspection Categories . 24.2 Frequency . 24.3 Results of Inspection 24.4 Records . 25 MAINTENANCE 25.1 Procedures 25.2 Methods 35.3 Criteria 35.4 Records . 36 REPAIR 36
20、.1 Procedures 36.2 Surface Indications . 36.3 Bearings 36.4 Replacement Parts 36.5 Records . 37 REMANUFACTURE 37.1 Procedures 37.2 Verification . 37.3 Records . 3APPENDIX ARECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CARE AND USE OFROTARY HOSE 5APPENDIX BRECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR SLUSH PUMPNOMENCLATURE AND MAINTENANCE 9
21、FiguresA-1Layout for Rotary Hose . 6B-1Section Through Power End 11B-2Section Through Crankshaft 11B-3Section Through Pinion Shaft and Crossheads 12B-4Fluid End of Duplex Double Acting Mud Pump . 13B-5Fluid End of Triplex Single Acting Mud Pump . 14TablesB-1Power End Parts, Duplex and Triplex Pumps
22、. 10B-2Fluid End Parts, Duplex Pumps . 10B-3Fluid End Parts, Triplex Pumps . 101 Scope1.1 OBJECTIVEThe objective of this publication is to provide owners andusers of equipment listed below guidelines for inspection,maintenance, repair, and remanufacture procedures that maybe utilized to maintain ser
23、viceability of the covered equip-ment.This recommended practice covers the following drillingequipment:a. Rotary tables.b. Rotary bushings.c. Rotary slips.d. Rotary hoses.e. Slush pump components.f. Drawworks components.g. Spiders not capable of use as elevators.h. Manual tongs.i. Safety clamps not
24、used as a hoisting device.1.2 PROCEDURE DEVELOPMENTThe owner or user, together with the manufacturer shouldjointly develop and update inspection, maintenance, repair,and remanufacture procedures consistent with equipment ap-plication, loading, work environment, usage, and other op-erational conditio
25、ns. These factors may change from time totime as a result of new technology, equipment history, prod-uct improvements, new maintenance techniques, and changein service conditions.1.3 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONSInspection, maintenance, and repair procedures should becarried out by personnel qualified by
26、 professional trade andverified by widely accepted or recognized standards cover-ing the specific skills or knowledge required.1.4 DOCUMENTATION1.4.1 RecordsThe equipment owner or user should maintain a record-keeping system that contains pertinent information regard-ing equipment. Records may inclu
27、de the following:a. Information provided by the manufacturer.b. Inspection records.c. Maintenance records.d. Repair records.e. Remanufacture records.1.4.2 IdentificationUnit serial number or identification marking provided bythe manufacturer should be maintained on the equipmentand recorded in the e
28、quipment record. Identification mark-ing should be provided by the owner or user for unidentifiedequipment that required the maintenance of records.1.4.3 HistoryChanges in equipment status, which could affect equip-ment serviceability or maintenance, should be recorded inthe equipment record.1.4.4 R
29、ecord IdentificationEntries in the equipment record should include the dateand the name of the responsible person(s) involved in the in-spection, maintenance, repair, or remanufacture.2 ReferencesUnless otherwise specified, the most recent editions or re-visions of the following standards, codes, an
30、d specificationsshall, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this stan-dard.APISpec 8A Specification for Drilling and ProductionHoisting EquipmentIADC1Drilling Manual3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the following defini-tions apply:3.1 critical area: A highly stressed region
31、of a primaryload carrying component.3.2 equipment performance: Operational capabilityof a piece of equipment relative to expected or predeter-mined parameters or standards.1Procedures for Inspection, Maintenance, Repair, and Remanufacture of Drilling Equipment1International Association of Drilling C
32、ontractors, P.O. Box 4287, Houston,Texas 77210.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7L3.3 expendable parts: Parts normally used up or con-sumed in service, such as seals, gaskets, filters, packing, cov-ers, guards, breathers, drains, break/clutch linings, drivechains, dies, and miscellaneous hardware and fast
33、eners.3.4 inspection: Comparison of equipment conformityto predetermined standards, followed by a determination ofaction required.3.5 load test: A procedure wherein a load is applied toverify the serviceability of equipment.3.6 maintenance: Action, including inspection, ad-justments, cleaning, lubri
34、cation, testing, and expendableparts replacement, necessary to maintain the serviceabilityof the equipment.3.7 manufacturer: A term denoting individuals orcompanies, who make or process equipment or material forwhich API Standards have been or are being formulated.3.8 owner: An individual, legal ent
35、ity, or organizationholding legal title to the equipment.3.9 primary load: The primary load to which theequipment is subjected during normal operations, which re-sults in stress to the critical areas.3.10 primary load carrying components: Thosecomponents of the covered equipment through which thepri
36、mary load is carried.3.11 remanufacture: Actions performed on equip-ment that involve a special process or machining.3.12 repair: Actions performed on equipment that in-volve replacement of parts (other than expendables), but ex-clude remanufacturing operations.3.13 serviceability: The condition of
37、a piece of equip-ment at any point in time that affects the ability of the equip-ment to perform its function(s) as intended.3.14 special process: An operation that may changeor affect the mechanical properties, including toughness ofthe materials used in equipment.3.15 testing: Actions that are car
38、ried out on a piece ofequipment to ensure that it can perform a required function.3.16 users: A term denoting individuals or companies,who use equipment or material, or implement recommendedpractices.4 Inspection4.1 INSPECTION CATEGORIES4.1.1 Category IObservation of equipment during operation for i
39、ndica-tions of inadequate performance.4.1.2 Category IICategory I inspection, plus further inspection for corro-sion, deformation, loose or missing components, deteriora-tion, proper lubrication, visible external cracks, andadjustment.4.1.3 Category IIICategory II inspection, plus further inspection
40、, whichshould include nondestructive examination (NDE) of exposedcritical areas and may involve some disassembly to accessspecific components, and identify wear that exceeds the man-ufacturers allowable tolerances.4.1.4 Category IVCategory III inspection, plus further inspection where theequipment i
41、s disassembled to the extent necessary to con-duct NDE of all primary load carrying components as de-fined by the manufacturer.4.2 FREQUENCYThe owner or user of the equipment should develop hisown schedule of inspections based on experience, manufac-turers recommendations, and consideration of one o
42、r moreof the following factors: environment, load cycles, regula-tory requirements, operating time, testing, repairs, and re-manufacture.4.3 RESULTS OF INSPECTION4.3.1 Acceptance CriteriaAcceptance criteria should be established based on expe-rience and manufacturers recommendations. Worn equip-ment
43、 that does not meet acceptance criteria should not beaccepted for operation at reduced load unless an analysis ismade in accordance with the governing API Equipment Spec-ification, or by the manufacturer if no API Specification exists.4.3.2 Rejected EquipmentRejected equipment should be marked and r
44、emoved fromservice for further evaluation or until deficiencies are cor-rected.4.4 RECORDSRecords of Category III and Category IV inspectionsshould be entered in the equipment record. Testing related toor indicating the load carrying capacity of the equipmentshould be entered in the equipment record
45、.5 Maintenance5.1 PROCEDURESIn addition to the procedures developed in accordancewith 1.2, the manufacturer should define any special tools,PROCEDURES FOR INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, AND REMANUFACTURE OF DRILLING EQUIPMENT 3materials, measuring or inspection equipment, and person-nel qualificat
46、ion necessary to perform the maintenance pro-cedures. The manufacturer should also specify thoseprocedures that should be performed solely by the manufac-turers representative, within the manufacturers facility orby other qualified facilities.5.2 METHODSMaintenance actions may include any of the fol
47、lowing:inspections, adjustments, cleaning, lubrication, testing, andparts replacement.5.3 CRITERIAMaintenance actions may be initiated based on, but notlimited to, one or more of the following criteria: specifictime intervals, measurable wear limits, load cycle accumu-lation, nonperformance of equip
48、ment, environment, experi-ence (history), regulatory requirements, and othermeasurable limits.5.4 RECORDSMaintenance activities involving the replacement of anyprimary load carrying component should be entered inequipment record. Testing related to or indicating the loadcarrying capacity of the equi
49、pment should be entered in theequipment record.6 Repair6.1 PROCEDURESManufacturers should provide adequate inspection crite-ria to allow the equipment owner or user to identify the na-ture of repairs that may be required. If repairs are notperformed by the manufacturer, they should be performed us-ing methods or procedures established in accordance with 1.2.6.2 SURFACE INDICATIONSSurface indications identified by NDE may be allowableor nonallowable, depending on the size, shape, and locationas defined by the manufacturer.6.2.1 Allowable Surface IndicationsAllowable surface i
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