1、Recommended Practice for Materials and Fabrication of 11/4CR-1/2Mo Steel Pressure Vessels for Service Above 825 F (440 C)API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 934-E FIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2010Recommended Practice for Materials and Fabrication of 11/4CR-1/2Mo Steel Pressure Vessels for Service Above 825 F (440 C)D
2、ownstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 934-E FIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2010Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees,
3、 subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such us
4、e, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every
5、 effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage re
6、sulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need
7、for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with
8、the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Classified areas may vary depending on the locatio
9、n, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this RP should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this RP should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safe
10、ty judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission
11、 from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2010 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, o
12、r use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to t
13、he specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developme
14、ntal process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum
15、Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one
16、-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested
17、revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Base Metal Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 Material Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 Steel Making Practice .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 Chemical Composition Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 He
23、at Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Welding Consumable Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 Material Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 Mechanical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Welding, Heat Treatment and Production Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 General Welding Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 Welding Procedure Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 Preheat and Dehydrogenation Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.4 Production Testing of Base Metal Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 Weld Overlay or Integral Clad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 Final PWHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Nondestructive Examination (NDE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.2 NDE Prior to Fabrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.3 NDE During Fabrication . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.4 NDE After Fabrication and Prior to Final PWHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.5 NDE After Final PWHT. . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.6 Positive Material Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Hydrostatic Tes
33、ting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310 Preparations for Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . 1311 Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Figure1 Location of Vickers Hardness Indentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . 9Table1 Base Metal Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5vIntroductionThis recommended practice (RP) applies to new pressure vessels in petroleum refining, petrochemica
36、l and chemical facilities in which fluids are processed at temperatures in the 825 F to 1100 F (440 C to 595 C) range. It is based on decades of industry operating experience and the results of recent experimentation and testing conducted by independent manufacturers, fabricators and users of pressu
37、re vessels for this service.Licensors and owners of process units in which these pressure vessels are to be used may modify and/or supplement this RP with additional proprietary requirements.vi1Recommended Practice for Materials and Fabrication of 11/4CR-1/2Mo Steel Pressure Vessels for Service Abov
38、e 825 F (440 C)1 ScopeThis recommended practice (RP) includes materials and fabrication requirements for new 11/4Cr-1/2Mo steel and 1Cr-1/2Mo pressure vessels and heat exchangers for high temperature service. It applies to vessels that are designed, fabricated, certified, and documented in accordanc
39、e with ASME Code Section VIII, Division 1. This document may also be used as a resource when planning to modify existing pressure vessels. The interior surfaces of these pressure vessels may have an austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, or nickel alloy weld overlay or cladding to pro
40、vide additional corrosion resistance.This RP is applicable to wall (shell) thicknesses from 1 in. (25 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm). Integrally reinforced nozzles, flanges, tubesheets, bolted channel covers, etc. can be greater than 4 in. (100 mm). At shell or head thicknesses greater than 4 in. (100 mm), 1
41、1/4Cr-1/2Mo and 1Cr-1/2Mo have been shown to have difficulty meeting the toughness requirements given in this document, but this does not preclude the use of this alloy if these properties can be met or if the equipment is designed with stresses below the threshold for brittle fracture. Although out
42、side of the scope, this document can be used as a resource for vessels down to 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) shell thickness with changes defined by the purchaser. This RP is not intended for use for equipment operating below 825 F (440 C). Refer to API 934-C for information on design for equipment operating at
43、 lower temperature ranges. Since hydrotreaters typically are designed to temperatures lower than 825 F (440 C), the guidelines in this RP do not apply to most hydrotreaters. Also, since coke drums typically fail due to fatigue and not due to reheat cracking; these RPs may not be appropriate for all
44、aspects of coke drums. 2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API
45、Recommended Practice 582, Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas IndustriesAPI Recommended Practice 934-A, Materials and Fabrication of 21/4Cr-1Mo, 21/4Cr-1Mo-1/4V, 3Cr-1Mo, and 3Cr-1Mo-1/4V Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High Temperature, High Pressure Hydrogen ServiceAPI Recommen
46、ded Practice 934-C, Materials and Fabrication of 11/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High Pressure Hydrogen Service Operating at or Below 825 F (440 C)API Recommended Practice 934-D, Technical Report on the Materials and Fabrication Issues of 11/4Cr-1/2Mo and 1Cr-1/2Mo Steel Pressure
47、VesselsAPI Publication 938-A, An Experimental Study of Causes and Repair of Cracking of 11/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Equipment ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 1, Section IIMaterials; Part AFerrous Material Specifications; Part C, Specification for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals; Part DPropert
48、ies1ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016-5990, www.asme.org.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 934-EASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VNondestructive ExaminationASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIIIRules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 1ASME Boi
49、ler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIIIRules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 2- Alternative Rules ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IXWelding and Brazing QualificationsASME SA-20, Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure VesselsASME SA-182, Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature ServiceASME SA-263, Standard Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium Steel-Clad PlateASME SA-264, Standard Specification for Stainle
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