1、Recommended Practice for Qualification Programs for Offshore Production Personnel Who Work with Safety DevicesAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE T-2SECOND EDITION, DECEMBER 2001REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013Recommended Practice for Qualification Programs for Offshore Production Personnel Who Work with Safety Device
2、sUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE T-2SECOND EDITION, DECEMBER 2001REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not un
3、dertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and
4、health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplicat
5、ion or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and re
6、vised, reafrmed, or withdrawn at least everyve years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect ve years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republ
7、ication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Upstream Segment telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quar-terly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardizati
8、on procedures that ensure appropri-ate notication and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedsh
9、ould be directed in writing to the general manager of the Upstream Segment, AmericanPetroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permissionto reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also beaddressed to the general manager.API s
10、tandards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication
11、 of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API do
12、es not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
13、 prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis Recommended Practice is under the jurisdiction of the American Petroleum InstituteExecutive Committee on D
14、rilling and Production Operations. It has been prepared with theoverall advisory guidance of the API and the Offshore Operators Committee (OOC). The pur-pose of this Recommended Practice is to provide guidelines for the qualication of personnelengaged in operating, installing, inspecting, testing, a
15、nd routinely maintaining surface and sub-surface safety devices during the production of oil and gas from offshore platforms. This docu-ment is for use by employers, mentors, instructors, and candidates for qualication. Thispublication has intentionally stressed recommended safe operating practices
16、concentrating onpersonnel and public safety. THE PUBLICATION DOES NOT, HOWEVER, PURPORT TOBE SO COMPREHENSIVE AS TO PRESENT ALL OF THE RECOMMENDED SAFEOPERATING PRACTICES THAT CAN AFFECT SAFETY IN ONSHORE OIL AND GASPRODUCTION OPERATIONS. It is intended that this voluntary recommended practice willp
17、romote and maintain safe working conditions for personnel engaged in onshore productionoperations. Every effort has been made by API to assure the accuracy and reliability of datacontained in this document. However, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guar-antee in connection with th
18、e publication of this recommended practice and hereby expresslydisclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or application hereunder or for any violation oflocal, state, or federal laws with which the contents may conict. INFORMATION CON-CERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER PRECAUTIONS W
19、ITHRESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS SHOULD BEOBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THATMATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). Users of this publica-tion are reminded that constantly developing technology and specialized or limited operationsdo not per
20、mit complete coverage of all operations or alternatives. Recommendations presentedherein are not intended to inhibit developing technology and equipment improvements orimproved operational procedures. This document is not a substitute for qualied engineeringanalysis and judgment to t the specic oper
21、ations situation. The publication is available forreview by federal and state agencies or authorities and possible use as a model safe practice toassist in preparation or revision of occupational safety codes or regulations. Recommendationsset forth in this publication are viewed as one satisfactory
22、 method for accomplishing a desiredresult. They should not be considered as the only method for achieving the desired results. Thispublication includes usage of the verbs shall and should, whichever is deemed most appli-cable for the specic situation. For the purposes of this publication, the follow
23、ing denitionsare applicable: Shall: Denotes that the recommended practice has universal application to that specicactivity. Should: Denotes a recommended practice: (1) where a safe comparable alternative prac-tice is available; (2) that may be impractical under certain circumstances; or (3) that may
24、 beunnecessary for personnel safety under certain circumstances. Proposed changes in theseinterpretations and usages should be brought to the attention of the responsible authorizingcommittee to determine that the intent of the publication will be sustained. API publications may be used by anyone de
25、siring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility fo
26、r loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of theUpstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., W
27、ashington, D.C.20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Introduction and Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Policy . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 DEFINITIONS (TERMINOLOGY). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 GUIDELINES FOR INSTRUCTIONAL CONTENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . 13.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Abnormal Conditions Resulting from Process System Malfunctions. . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Relevant Governmental Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 Safety Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 Reference Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 QUALIFICATION P
31、ROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Qualication Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Types of Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Do
33、cumentation of Test Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 Frequency of Qualication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 Instructor/Mentor Qualication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3v1Qualification Programs for Offshore Production Personnel Who Work with Safety Devices1 General1.1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPEThis Recommended Practice provides guidelines for thequalication of personnel engaged in installing, inspecting,testing, and routinely maintai
35、ning surface and subsurfacedevices that are used to insure safety and to prevent pollutionduring the production of oil and gas on offshore platforms.These guidelines provide expected candidate performancelevels, instructional content and recommendations for testing.A certicate is issued to the candi
36、date upon successful com-pletion of the testing phase. The value of work experience is recognized by dividing theguidelines into instructional and testing phases. Any candi-date who has the experience prerequisites may complete onlythe testing phase. If a candidate demonstrates prociency inall class
37、es of safety devices, a certicate is issued identical tothose issued to candidates who rst take the instructionalphase and then pass the testing phase.This Recommended Practice (RP) complements API RP14B, API RP 14C and API RP 14H as well as other APISpecications.1.2 POLICYThis recommended practice
38、may be used by an organiza-tion to develop and conduct a qualication program as out-lined above. The Institute makes no representation, warrantyor guarantee in connection with the publication of any APIspecication or recommended practice and hereby expresslydisclaims any liability or responsibility
39、for loss or damageresulting from their use, for any violation of any federal, stateor municipal regulation with which an API specication orrecommended practice may conict, or for the infringementof any patent resulting from the use of an API specication orrecommended practice.2 Definitions (Terminol
40、ogy)Denitions of terms for equipment and for abnormal pro-duction process conditions may be found in the following APIRecommended Practices plus any future Recommended Prac-tices and Specications that deal with offshore safety devices.API RP 14B Recommended Practice for Design, Installa-tion, and Op
41、eration of Subsurface Safety Valve Systems.API RP 14C Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design,Installation, and Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems onOffshore Production Platforms.API RP 14H Recommended Practice for Installation,Maintenance and Repair of Surface Safety Valves and Under-water S
42、afety Valves.3 Guidelines for Instructional Content3.1 INTRODUCTIONThis section of the guidelines describes the instructionalcontent for qualication. Content may be communicatedthrough any instructional media including, but not limited to,lecture, computer-based instruction, computer simulation,exer
43、cises and hands-on demonstrations. Instructional content isgenerically described for each class of equipment listed in Sec-tion 2.3 (i.e., level sensors, pressure sensors, relief valves, etc.).Specic details should be developed by each training organiza-tion. The instructional content developed by a
44、n operating orservice company should emphasize the safety devices the com-pany most widely employs or services within each category.Other training organizations (such as college or vocationalschool) should develop detailed instructional content thatemphasizes safety devices most widely used offshore
45、.To earn a certicate the candidate should satisfactorily passthe test for each class of safety device (level sensors, pressuresensors, relief valves, etc.).3.2 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS RESULTING FROM PROCESS SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONSAt the completion of the testing phase a candidate shouldbe able to complete a
46、 safety analysis and read a safe chart todetermine how failures or malfunctions in the process systemcan cause abnormal conditions that must be brought undercontrol by properly functioning safety devices. The reference for instruction in abnormal conditions isSection 4 of API RP 14C, which describes
47、 types of undesir-able events and explains how the various safety devices candetect and/or control each one.The detectable abnormal conditions covered in the Sectionof Undesirable Events of API RP 14C are:1. Overpressure.2. Leak.3. Liquid Overow.4. Gas Blowby.5. Under-pressure.6. Excess Temperature
48、(Fired Components).7. Direct Ignition Source (Fired Components.8. Excess Combustible Vapors in the Firing Chamber.The reference material of API RP 14C can be tailored forthe specic devices that are part of the instructional phase.2 API RECOMMENDEDPRACTICET-23.3 RELEVANT GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONSAt th
49、e end of the testing phase, the candidate should be ableto explain which governmental regulations pertain to work withsafety devices, including MMS requirements in 30 CFR 250.Copies of appropriate regulations should be made availableto a candidate as part of the instruction phase. The portions ofthese regulations that are of direct interest to the candidatesshould be clearly marked. Updates of these regulationsshould be carefully reviewed by the instructing organizationsso that updated material will be included in the instructionaland testing phases.3
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