ABS 102-2016 GUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS.pdf

1、 Guide for Crew Habitability on Ships GUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS FEBRUARY 2016 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 Copyright 2016 American Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Foreword Foreword (1

2、 February 2016) This Guide, originally published in December 2001, has undergone significant revision. Key revision areas include changes to the Whole-body Vibration (WBV) and Noise measurement and evaluation methodology and criteria, changes to the ambient Lighting methodology and criteria, and cha

3、nges to the Accommodation Area criteria. These revisions are due to several factors, including: 1. Input from industry (i.e., Owners, designers, and construction yards) 2 Revisions to standards referenced in this Guide 3. Revised statutory regulations 4. Changes in current vessel design practices an

4、d principles ABS has produced this Guide for Crew Habitability on Ships in order to provide a single source for habitability criteria suitable for ships. This Guide may be applied to vessels falling under the categories of oil or chemical tankers, bulk or combination carriers, container carriers, mu

5、lti-purpose cargo vessels, or crew areas on passenger vessels. This Guide does not apply to vessels such as offshore support vessels, tug boats, tow boats, dredgers, research vessels, drill ships, anchor handling vessels or any other vessel providing service to offshore oil and gas exploration and p

6、roduction. These types of vessels are addressed in other ABS Habitability Guides*. This Guide provides the assessment criteria and describes the measurement methodology for obtaining a ship Habitability notation. It is intended for use by vessel Owners or companies requesting the optional notations

7、of ship Habitability (HAB), ship Habitability Plus (HAB+), or ship Habitability Plus Plus (HAB+). For the HAB level, this Guide focuses on five (5) categories of habitability criteria that can affect task performance and can be controlled, measured, and assessed in crew work, rest, and recreation ar

8、eas of ships. These categories are: accommodation area, whole-body vibration (separate criteria for accommodation areas and work spaces), noise, indoor climate, and lighting. For the HAB+ level, this Guide invokes more stringent accommodation area, whole-body vibration and noise criteria aimed at in

9、creasing crew comfort and safety. For the HAB+ level, there are more stringent accommodation area, whole-body vibration, noise, and indoor climate criteria. To be awarded any of these notations, a vessel must meet the appropriate prescriptive criteria across the various habitability categories. In a

10、ddition to the HAB notation assignment, at the Owners request, ABS may review the accommodation area design for compliance with ILO MLC, 2006 Title 3 requirements, as related to the MLC-ACCOM notation. * Note: The other ABS Habitability Guides include: ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Workboats, A

11、BS Guide for Crew Habitability on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, and ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Offshore Installations. This Guide becomes effective on the first day of the month of publication. Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this ver

12、sion of this Guide is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to rsdeagle.org. ii ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS .2016 Table of Contents GUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS CONTENTS SECTION 1 General 1 1 Introduction . 1 2 App

13、lication 1 3 Scope 1 4 Terminology 2 5 Associated Documentation . 3 6 Notation . 3 7 Data and Plans to be Submitted . 3 7.1 General 3 7.2 Accommodation Areas 4 7.3 Ambient Environment 4 8 Process for Obtaining a Notation 4 8.1 Accommodation Areas 5 8.2 Ambient Environment 6 8.3 Results 7 9 Initial R

14、equirements 7 10 Surveys after Construction 7 11 Alternatives . 7 11.1 General 7 11.2 National Regulations . 7 11.3 Departures from Criteria 7 TABLE 1 Threshold for Measurements to be Considered Close to Non-Compliance . 6 FIGURE 1 Process for Obtaining a Habitability Notation . 5 SECTION 2 Accommod

15、ation Areas 8 1 Background . 8 2 Scope 8 3 Terminology 8 4 Associated Documentation . 8 5 Criteria . 9 6 Accommodation Area Documentation 9 6.1 Data Requirements . 9 ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS .2016 iii 7 Submittal Review and Verification 9 8 Results 10 SECTION 3 Whole-body Vibration 11

16、 1 Background . 11 2 Scope 11 3 Terminology 11 4 Associated Documentation . 12 5 Criteria . 13 6 Test Plan . 14 6.1 Documentation 14 6.2 Test Personnel 14 6.3 Test Conditions 14 6.4 Measurement Locations 14 6.5 Data Acquisition and Instruments 14 6.6 Data Analysis . 14 6.7 Test Schedule 14 6.8 Data

17、Collection Sheets 15 6.9 Conflict of Interest Declaration . 15 7 Test Requirements 15 7.1 General 15 7.2 Data Acquisition and Instruments 15 7.3 Test Conditions 15 7.4 Measurement Locations 16 8 Test Report . 17 8.1 Test Details 17 8.2 Transducer Placement Positions . 17 8.3 Measurement Equipment De

18、tails . 18 8.4 Results . 18 8.5 Deviations 18 8.6 Surveyor Witnessing Documentation . 18 9 Results 18 TABLE 1 Maximum Weighted Root-Mean-Square Acceleration Level 14 TABLE 2 Distribution of Transducer Positions Within Spaces . 17 FIGURE 1 Measurement Axes . 13 SECTION 4 Noise 19 1 Background . 19 2

19、Scope 19 3 Terminology 19 4 Associated Documentation . 20 iv ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS .2016 5 Criteria . 20 5.1 Equivalent Continuous A-weighted Sound Pressure Level 20 5.2 Acoustic Insulation 20 6 Test Plan . 21 6.1 Documentation 22 6.2 Test Personnel 22 6.3 Test Conditions . 22 6.4

20、Measurement Locations 22 6.5 Data Acquisition and Instruments 22 6.6 Data Analysis 22 6.7 Test Schedule . 22 6.8 Data Collection Sheets 22 6.9 Conflict of Interest Declaration 22 7 Test Requirements 23 7.1 General 23 7.2 Data Acquisition and Instruments 23 7.3 Test Conditions . 23 7.4 Measurement Lo

21、cations 24 7.5 Measurement Procedures and Recorded Results . 25 8 Test Report . 25 8.1 Test Details . 25 8.2 Measurement Positions . 26 8.3 Measurement Equipment Details 26 8.4 Results 26 8.5 Deviations 26 8.6 Surveyor Witnessing Documentation 26 9 Results 26 TABLE 1 Noise Criteria for Ships . 21 SE

22、CTION 5 Indoor Climate 27 1 Background . 27 2 Scope 27 3 Terminology 27 4 Associated Documentation . 28 5 Criteria . 28 5.1 Air Temperature 29 5.2 Relative Humidity 29 5.3 Enclosed Space Vertical Gradient . 29 5.4 Air Velocity 29 5.5 Crew Cabin Area Horizontal Gradient . 29 5.6 Air Supply Quantity 2

23、9 5.7 Summary . 29 6 Test Plan . 30 6.1 Documentation 30 6.2 Test Personnel 30 6.3 Test Conditions . 30 ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS .2016 v 6.4 Measurement Locations 30 6.5 Data Acquisition and Instruments 30 6.6 Data Analysis . 31 6.7 Test Schedule 31 6.8 Data Collection Sheets 31 6.9 C

24、onflict of Interest Declaration . 31 7 Test Requirements 31 7.1 General 31 7.2 Data Acquisition and Instruments 31 7.3 Test Conditions 32 7.4 Measurement Locations 33 8 Test Report . 34 8.1 Test Details 34 8.2 Transducer Placement Positions . 34 8.3 Measurement Equipment Details . 34 8.4 Results . 3

25、4 8.5 Deviations 35 8.6 Surveyor Witnessing Documentation . 35 9 Results 35 TABLE 1 Summary of Indoor Climate Requirements . 30 SECTION 6 Lighting . 36 1 Background . 36 2 Scope 36 3 Terminology 36 4 Associated Documentation . 37 5 Criteria . 37 5.1 General and Task Lighting . 38 5.2 Red or Low-leve

26、l White Illuminance . 38 6 Test Plan . 41 6.1 Documentation 41 6.2 Test Personnel 41 6.3 Test Conditions 41 6.4 Measurement Locations 41 6.5 Data Acquisition and Instruments 41 6.6 Data Analysis . 41 6.7 Test Schedule 41 6.8 Data Collection Sheets 41 6.9 Conflict of Interest Declaration . 41 7 Test

27、Requirements 42 7.1 General 42 7.2 Data Acquisition and Instruments 42 7.3 Test Conditions 42 7.4 Measurement Locations 43 vi ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS .2016 ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS .2016 vii 8 Test Report . 45 8.1 Test Details . 45 8.2 Measurement Positions . 45 8.3 Me

28、asurement Equipment Details 45 8.4 Results 45 8.5 Deviations 45 8.6 Surveyor Witnessing Documentation 45 9 Results 46 TABLE 1 Lighting Criteria for Crew Accommodation Spaces 38 TABLE 2 Lighting Criteria for Entrances and Passageways 38 TABLE 3 Lighting Criteria for Navigation and Control Spaces . 39

29、 TABLE 4 Lighting Criteria for Service Spaces 39 TABLE 5 Lighting Criteria for Operating and Maintenance Spaces/Areas 40 TABLE 6 Lighting Criteria for Red or Low-level White Illuminance 40 TABLE 7 Distribution of Measurement Positions within Spaces 44 APPENDIX 1 References 47 1 General References 47

30、 2 Accommodation Area References 47 3 Whole-body Vibrations References 49 4 Noise References . 49 5 Indoor Climate References . 50 6 Lighting References 50 APPENDIX 2 Procedural Requirements for ABS Recognized Ambient Environmental Testing Specialists . 51 1 Terminology 51 2 Objective . 51 3 Applica

31、tion 51 4 Procedure for Approval and Certification 52 4.1 Documentation Requirements . 52 4.2 General Requirements 52 4.3 Auditing of the Testing Specialist 53 4.4 Certification . 53 4.5 Quality Assurance System 53 4.6 Testing Specialist Relations with the Test Equipment Manufacturer . 54 5 Certific

32、ate of Approval . 54 5.1 Renewal 54 6 Alterations . 54 7 Cancellation of Approval . 55 8 Detailed Requirements by Ambient Environmental Aspect 55 8.1 Whole-body Vibration 55 8.2 Noise . 56 8.3 Indoor Climate . 58 8.4 Lighting 59 APPENDIX 3 Accommodation Area Criteria . 61 General 62 Access/Egress .

33、63 Crew Cabins . 67 Sanitary Spaces . 71 Office 74 Food Service Areas . 75 Recreation 78 Laundry 79 Medical . 80 APPENDIX 4 Evaluation of Crew Exposure to Shock on High-Speed Craft 82 1 Terminology 82 2 Procedure 82 3 Measurement 82 3.1 Location of Measurements 82 3.2 Duration of Measurements 83 3.3

34、 Measurement Instrumentation . 83 4 Evaluation and Assessment of Vibration 84 5 References 84 FIGURE 1 Whole-body Vibration Measurement Axes for Seated and Standing Workers 83 APPENDIX 5 Acronyms and Abbreviations 85 APPENDIX 6 Associated Documentation . 87 viii ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHI

35、PS .2016 Section 1: General SECTION 1 General 1 Introduction ABS recognizes the positive impact that suitable habitability criteria and design practices may have on the safety, productivity, morale, and overall well-being of seafarers. The ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Ships has been developed

36、with the objective of improving the quality of crew member performance and comfort by improving working and living environments in terms of accommodation area design and ambient environmental qualities. These habitability criteria have been chosen to provide a means to help reduce crew fatigue, impr

37、ove performance and safety, and to assist with crew recruiting and retention. 2 Application (1 February 2016) This Guide is applicable to new and existing vessels for which an optional ship Habitability (HAB), ship Habitability Plus (HAB+), or ship Habitability Plus Plus (HAB+) notation has been req

38、uested. The habitability criteria are a measure of the acceptability of crew accommodation areas and work spaces for living and working. In addition to the HAB notation assignment, at the Owners request, ABS may review the accommodation area design for compliance with ILO MLC, 2006 Title 3 requireme

39、nts, as related to the MLC-ACCOM notation. ABS has produced this Guide for Crew Habitability on Ships in order to provide a single source for habitability criteria suitable for ships. This Guide may be applied to vessels falling under the categories of oil or chemical tankers, bulk or combination ca

40、rriers, container carriers, multi-purpose cargo vessels, or passenger vessels (crew areas). This Guide does not apply to vessels such as offshore support vessels, tug boats, tow boats, dredgers, research vessels, drill ships, anchor handling vessels or any other vessel providing service to offshore

41、oil and gas exploration and production. These types of vessels are covered and discussed in other ABS Habitability Guides. 3 Scope This Guide focuses on five (5) habitability aspects of ship design and layout that can be controlled, measured, and assessed. These five (5) aspects are broken into two

42、(2) categories in this Guide, accommodation areas and the ambient environment. Accommodation area criteria pertain to dimensional and outfitting aspects of spaces and open deck areas where crew members eat, sleep, recreate, and perform routine daily activities. The ambient environmental aspects of h

43、abitability pertain to the environment that the crew is exposed to during periods of work, leisure, and rest. Specifically, this Guide provides criteria, limits, and measurement methodologies for the following: i) Whole-body Vibration (separate criteria for accommodation areas and work spaces) ii) N

44、oise iii) Indoor Climate iv) Lighting The criteria provided in this Guide are based on currently available research data and standards for the purpose of improving crew performance and providing a base level of habitability and elements of safety related to habitability. While producing this Guide,

45、ABS has taken a practical approach to measurements, test personnel (Testing Specialists), and test equipment. ABSGUIDE FOR CREW HABITABILITY ON SHIPS .2016 1 Section 1 General 4 Terminology (1 February 2016) ABS Recognized Ambient Environmental Testing Specialists: Companies providing test or measur

46、ement services on behalf of the Owner of a vessel or shipyard for the purposes of meeting any of the ABS Habitability (HAB, HAB+, HAB+) notation requirements. Approval of the Testing Specialist for ships may also allow for testing and measurement services for other ABS Habitability, Comfort, and MLC

47、 notations. Accommodation Areas/Accommodation Block: Vessel areas where the primary purpose is to rest and recreate. Accommodation spaces include cabins, medical facilities (sick bays), offices, recreation rooms, and manned spaces within the accommodation block such as the bridge or control room. Fo

48、r the purposes of this Guide, accommodation areas also include service spaces such as mess rooms, laundry, and storerooms. Ambient Environment: Ambient environment refers to the environmental conditions that the crew is exposed to during periods of work, leisure or rest. Specifically, this Guide pro

49、vides criteria and limits for whole-body vibration, noise, indoor climate, and lighting. Associated Documentation: Documents referenced in this Guide that are needed to provide measuring techniques and further guidance. Cargo Vessel: A cargo vessel is any vessel other than a passenger vessel that is involved in commercial trade. Crew Member: Any person onboard a vessel, including the Master, who is not a passenger. This term is used interchangeably throughout this document with “seafarer”. Crew Spaces: All areas on a vessel intended for seafarers only, such as seafarer accommodation