ABS 45-2010 GUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS《集装箱固定系统认证指南》.pdf

1、 GUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS NOVEMBER 2010 Guide to Color Coding Used in Online Version of the Guide The following summarizes the colors corresponding to Rule Changes, Corrigenda items and editorial changes in the Guide files which are available for download. Rule Changes:

2、NOTICE NO. 1 January 2012 (effective 1 January 2012) NOTICE NO. 2 April 2014 (effective 1 April 2014) Corrigenda: CORRIGENDA/EDITORIALS 10 January 2012 CORRIGENDA/EDITORIALS 6 March 2012 CORRIGENDA/EDITORIALS 1 April 2014 Editorials: Editorial Changes Guide for Certification of Container Securing Sy

3、stems GUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS NOVEMBER 2010 (Updated April 2014 see next page) American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 Copyright 2010 American Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA

4、Updates April 2014 consolidation includes: March 2012 version plus Notice No. 2 and Corrigenda/Editorials March 2012 consolidation includes: January 2012 version plus Corrigenda/Editorials January 2012 consolidation includes: November 2010 version plus Notice No. 1 and Corrigenda/Editorials ABSGUIDE

5、 FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 iii Foreword Foreword This Guide replaces the 1988 Guide for Certification of Container Securing Systems on and after 1 November 2010. It has been revised to include the subsequent revisions and additions published in Notice No. 1, 2, 3, and 4 s

6、ince the original issue in 1988. It has been prepared by ABS with input and advice from industry. The content has been expanded to include recent developments in container securing systems. The certification of container securing systems is not a classification requirement. However, when requested b

7、y the Owner, ABS will issue certificates for container securing systems which have been constructed and installed according to the requirements of this Guide. Existing container securing systems which have not been constructed and installed to the requirements of the Guide will, at the request of th

8、e Owner, be subjected to a condition survey and plan review for compliance or equivalence with the Guide. The requirements are based on the SI units, and the values shown in U.S. (foot-pound-second) units are derived by numerical conversion. This Guide does not apply to containers on chassis or trai

9、lers stowed aboard vessels. iv ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 Table of Contents GUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS CONTENTS SECTION 1 Scope and Conditions of Certification . 1 1 Certification . 1 1.1 Process 1 1.3 Certificates and Reports 1 1.5 Repr

10、esentations as to Certification 1 1.7 Scope of Certification . 2 3 Suspension and Termination of Certification 2 3.1 Suspension of Certification 2 3.3 Lifting of Suspension . 2 3.5 Termination of Certification 2 3.7 Notice of Surveys . 3 5 Rules for Certification 3 5.1 Scope 3 5.3 Alternatives 3 5.5

11、 Effective Date of Change of Requirement . 3 5.7 ABS Type Approval Program . 3 7 Other Regulations . 7 7.1 International and Other Regulations 7 7.3 Governmental Regulations 7 7.5 Other Rules . 7 9 Submission of Plans . 7 11 Notification and Availability for Survey 8 13 Units 8 15 Fees 8 17 Disagree

12、ment 8 17.1 Rules and Guides 8 17.3 Surveyor 8 19 Limitation of Liability 8 21 Hold Harmless. 9 23 Time Bar to Legal Action . 9 25 Arbitration 9 TABLE 1 Certification Details Container Securing Devices 4 ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 v SECTION 2 General 10 1 Scope 10

13、 3 Submission of Plans and Design Data . 11 3.1 General 11 3.3 Information to Be Submitted 11 5 Definitions and Symbols . 11 5.1 Definitions 11 5.3 Symbols . 15 7 Descriptions of Container Stowage Locations 16 FIGURE 1 ISO Bay Numbering Scheme 17 FIGURE 2 ISO Stack/Row and Tier Numbering Scheme 18 S

14、ECTION 3 Container Characteristics 19 1 General . 19 3 Dimensions . 19 5 Permissible Container Loads and Strength Ratings . 21 5.1 Permissible Forces on Corner Fittings 24 5.3 Containers with Stacking Posts Offset from the End Walls . 24 7 Racking Spring Constants 24 7.1 Specialty Containers . 24 7.

15、3 Containers with One or Both Doors Removed . 25 9 Container Strength Tests 25 TABLE 1 External Container Dimensions and Tolerances 20 TABLE 2 Container Corner Fitting Dimensions and Tolerances 21 TABLE 3 Design Loads on Containers and Container Fittings 22 TABLE 4 Racking Spring Constant, KCand KCL

16、. 24 FIGURE 1 Design Loads for ISO 20-ft and 40-ft Containers 23 SECTION 4 Securing Devices . 26 1 General . 26 3 Loose Fittings 26 3.1 Twistlocks, Stackers, and Other Container Connectors 26 3.3 Lashing Assemblies 28 3.5 Stiffness of Loose Fittings . 29 5 Fixed Fittings . 30 5.1 Foundations and Bas

17、e Plates 30 5.3 Twistlock Foundations (Deck Sockets or Base Sockets) . 31 5.5 Lashing Plates and D-Rings 31 7 Strength Ratings and Factors of Safety 32 7.1 Safety Factors for Securing Devices . 32 7.3 Strength Ratings for Securing Devices 33 7.5 Strength of Weldments for Fixed Securing Devices 33 vi

18、 ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 TABLE 1 Area of Lashing Component, A29 TABLE 2 Equivalent Elastic Modulus, E30 TABLE 3 Safety Factors for Securing Fittings 32 TABLE 4 Typical Design Load for Container Securing Fittings 34 FIGURE 1 Sample Stacker . 26 FIGURE 2 Sample L

19、ock Fittings . 27 FIGURE 3 Sample Bridge Fittings and Strut 27 FIGURE 4 Sample Foundation and Guide Fitting 30 FIGURE 5 Sample Twistlock Foundations or “Base Sockets” . 31 FIGURE 6 Sample Lashing Points . 32 SECTION 5 Container Securing Arrangements . 35 1 General . 35 3 Stacks Secured Only with Loc

20、k Fittings 35 5 Flexible Securing Systems (Lashings) 35 5.1 Typical Lashing Arrangements 35 5.3 Raised Lashing Platforms 39 5.5 Containers Secured with Different Lashings Systems at Each End 40 5.7 Relative Movement of Support or Securing Points 40 7 Cell Guides 41 7.1 Design Considerations . 42 7.3

21、 Container Cell Guides at Only One End 42 9 Systems Combining Flexible and Rigid Elements 43 11 Other Fixed or Rigid Securing Systems 43 13 Block Stowage of Containers 44 15 Stacks of Mixed Length and Width . 44 FIGURE 1 Typical Lashing Arrangements . 37 FIGURE 2 Combined Lashing Systems . 38 FIGURE

22、 3 Side Lashing System 39 FIGURE 4 Raised Lashing Platform . 39 FIGURE 5 Typical Hold Cell Guide Arrangement . 41 FIGURE 6 20-ft Container Stowage in 40-ft Cell Guides . 43 SECTION 6 Securing System Design Principles . 45 1 General . 45 3 Design Loads 45 3.1 General 45 3.3 Wind Loads 45 3.5 Design S

23、hip Motions 46 3.7 Accelerations . 47 3.9 Optional Direct Calculation of Accelerations 50 3.11 Mass Distribution and Center of Gravity of Containers 50 3.13 Distribution of Loads Acting on Containers 51 ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 vii 5 Calculation Methodology for

24、Flexible Restraints 52 5.1 General 52 5.3 Container End Wall Racking 52 5.5 Lash Tension . 54 5.7 Lashing Force on Container Corner Fitting 59 5.9 Corner Post Compression . 59 5.11 Corner Post Tension . 62 7 Design Application 63 7.1 General 63 7.3 Stacks Secured with Twistlocks Only 63 7.5 Stacks S

25、ecured with Cross Lash or Side Lash Systems . 63 7.7 Stacks Secured with Vertical Lashings 64 7.9 Container Stacks within Cell Guides . 64 7.11 Carriage of 20-ft Containers in Cell Guides Designed for 40-ft Containers . 64 7.13 Other Rigid Securing Systems 68 7.15 Combining Securing Systems . 68 7.1

26、7 Block Stowage . 68 9 Acceptance Criteria . 68 9.1 General 68 9.3 Containers . 68 9.5 Securing Fittings 68 9.7 Fixed Cell Guides, Shoring, Buttresses and Other Rigid Supports 69 11 Design Considerations for Hull Structure 69 11.1 Design Loads 69 11.3 Allowable Stresses 69 TABLE 1 Lash Equations for

27、 Typical Arrangements 58 TABLE 2 Permissible Average Weight of 20-ft Containers Stowed in 40-ft Cell Guides (without 40-ft Container Topping) . 66 TABLE 3 Permissible Average Weight of 20-ft Containers Stowed in 40-ft Cell Guides (with 40-ft Container Topping) 67 FIGURE 1 Forces Due to Gravity and S

28、hip Motions 48 FIGURE 2 Distribution of Force Factor k3. 48 FIGURE 3 Application of Forces to Ends and Sides of Container . 51 FIGURE 4 Racking Force without Lashing Restraint (3 High Stack) . 53 FIGURE 5 Racking Force with Lashing Restraint (3 High Double Lashed Stack) . 54 FIGURE 6 Lash Angle and

29、Lash Length 54 FIGURE 7 Horizontal Displacement (3 High Double Lashed Stack) 56 FIGURE 8 Lash Elongation at First Tier Container 57 FIGURE 9 Corner Post Compression . 60 FIGURE 10 Distances to Forces Acting on Containers 61 FIGURE 11 Corner Post Tension . 62 viii ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAI

30、NER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 SECTION 7 Materials and Welding 70 1 General . 70 3 Materials 70 3.1 Rolled Steel . 70 3.3 Cast and Forged Securing Components 70 3.5 Chain . 70 5 Welding . 70 7 Impact Properties 71 SECTION 8 Testing, Inspection, and Approval of Securing Devices . 72 1 Drawings . 72 3 Tes

31、ting 72 3.1 Prototype Testing. 72 3.3 Production Testing . 72 5 Marking of Securing Devices 73 7 Type Approval . 73 7.1 General 73 7.3 Product Design Assessment (PDA) Review 73 7.5 Quality Assurance 73 7.7 Type Approval Certificate 74 TABLE 1 Required Prototype Tests . 74 SECTION 9 Container Securin

32、g Manuals . 75 1 General . 75 3 Contents of the Container Securing Manual . 75 3.1 General 75 3.3 Container Stowage Arrangements . 76 3.5 Fixed and Portable Securing Components 76 3.7 Diagrams of Approved Container Securing Systems . 77 3.9 Presentation of Permissible Container Stack Weights . 78 FI

33、GURE 1 Sample Stack Securing Diagram 78 SECTION 10 Surveys . 82 1 Initial Installation Survey . 82 3 Container Securing Manual 82 5 Maintenance in Service . 82 APPENDIX 1 Sample Calculation 83 1 General . 83 3 Stack Description and Vessel Characteristics 83 3.1 Stack Description . 83 3.3 Container P

34、roperties 84 3.5 Twistlock Properties . 84 ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 ix 3.7 Lash Properties . 84 3.9 Vessel Characteristics . 84 5 Accelerations and Forces Acting on Containers . 85 5.1 Motions and Accelerations 85 5.3 Forces Acting on Container . 85 7 Lash Tensi

35、on 86 9 Lashing Force on Container Corner Fitting . 88 11 End Wall Racking of Containers . 88 13 Compression into the Container Corner Post . 89 13.1 Vertical Compression into the Bottom Corner Fittings . 90 13.3 Corner Post Compression at the Top of Container 91 15 Tension into the Container Corner

36、 Post and Twistlock 92 15.1 Corner Post Tension at the Bottom of the Container . 92 15.3 Corner Post Tension at the Top of the Container 93 17 Evaluation of Equations 94 TABLE 1 Container Properties . 84 TABLE 2 Accelerations Acting on Containers 85 TABLE 3 Comparison of Calculated and Allowable Loa

37、ds 95 FIGURE 1 Stack Description 83 FIGURE 2 Lash Dimensions and Lash Angle 86 FIGURE 3 Corner Post Compression Calculation 89 FIGURE 4 Corner Post Tension Calculation 92 APPENDIX 2 Shipboard Safety Systems 96 1 General . 96 3 Design . 96 5 Arrangement . 96 7 Operation 96 9 Anchorage . 96 APPENDIX 3

38、 Maps of Route-Specific Trades . 97 1 Asia Europe . 97 2 Pacific Atlantic 97 3 North Pacific 98 4 North Sea Mediterranean 98 5 North Atlantic 99 6 Asia South America (West Coast) . 99 7 South America (East Coast) Africa 100 8 Africa East Asia 100 9 Europe (Rotterdam) Africa . 101 10 Europe (Rotterda

39、m) South America (Brazil) 102 11 US (NYC) South America (Brazil) 103 x ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 APPENDIX 4 Onboard Computers for Lashing Calculations 104 1 General . 104 3 General Requirements 104 5 Certification of Computer Software . 105 APPENDIX 5 References

40、106 ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 1 Section 1: Scope and Conditions of Certification SECTION 1 Scope and Conditions of Certification 1 Certification 1.1 Process The term certification, as used herein, indicates that the initial installation of container securing syst

41、ems aboard vessels have been designed, constructed, installed, and surveyed in compliance with this Guide, existing Rules and Guides or other acceptable standards. The certification process consists of: a) The development of Rules, Guides, standards, and other criteria for the design, construction,

42、and initial installation of container securing systems; b) The review of the design and survey during initial installation to verify compliance with such Rules, Guides, standards, or other criteria; c) The assignment and registration of certification when such compliance has been verified. The Rules

43、, Guides, and standards are developed by the ABS staff and passed upon by committees made up of naval architects, ocean and marine engineers, shipbuilders, engine builders, steel makers, process engineers and by other technical, operating and scientific personnel associated with the worldwide mariti

44、me and container industry. Theoretical research and development, established engineering disciplines, as well as satisfactory service experience are utilized in their development and promulgation. ABS and its committees can act only upon such theoretical and practical considerations in developing Ru

45、les and standards. For certification, the container securing systems are to comply with the applicable requirements of this Guide and all applicable Rules. 1.3 Certificates and Reports Review of design documentation and surveys during construction are conducted by ABS to verify to itself and its com

46、mittees that an item of material or equipment is in compliance with this Guide and is to the satisfaction of the attending Surveyor. All reports and certificates are issued solely for the use of ABS, its committees, its clients, and other authorized entities. An approved copy of the container securi

47、ng manual, copies of the prototype and production test reports for the securing gear, and a copy of the Initial Installation Survey Certificate are to be carried aboard the vessel for use by the vessels personnel. 1.5 Representations as to Certification Certification is a representation by ABS as to

48、 the structural and mechanical fitness for a particular use or service, in accordance with its Rules, Guides, and standards. The Rules and Guides of the American Bureau of Shipping are not meant as a substitute for the independent judgment of professional designers, naval architects, marine engineer

49、s, Owners, operators, masters and crew, nor as a substitute for the quality control procedures of ship and platform builders, engine builders, steel makers, suppliers, manufacturers and sellers of marine vessels, materials, system components, machinery or equipment. ABS, being a technical society, can only act through Surveyors or others who are believed by it to be skilled and competent. Section 1 Scope and Conditions of Certification 2 ABSGUIDE FOR CERTIFICATION OF CONTAINER SECURING SYSTEMS .2010 ABS represents solely to the Container Securing Sy