ACI 310R-2013 Guide to Decorative Concrete.pdf

1、ACI 310R-13Guide to Decorative ConcreteReported by ACI Committee 310First PrintingDecember 2013Guide to Decorative Concrete Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechan

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10、n print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmingto

11、n Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgISBN: 978-0-87031-853-5American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeThis guide describes techniques for imparting aesthetic finishes to concrete flatwork, of which many can be combined for unique effects. The design

12、er/engineer will acquire detailed, practical guidance for achieving aesthetic effects using proven techniques. Recommendations are made for the production of cast-in-place decorative concrete flatwork, decorative stains, and overlays. In addition to attention to the specified materials, mixture desi

13、gns, concrete placement, curing, protection, sealing, and other treat-ments, this guide also considers the effects of these treatments on the overall aesthetics of the facility.Keywords: aggregates; cementitious materials; decorative overlays; dry-shake hardeners; dry-shake release agents; embedment

14、; embossing; engraving; etching; flatwork; imprinting; inlays; pavements; polishing; sealants; stains; stamping; tooling.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 21.1Introduction, p. 21.2Scope, p. 3CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONS, p. 3CHAPTER 3GENERAL AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, p. 43.1General, p. 43.2Proces

15、s development, p. 43.3Substrate preparation, p. 53.4Jointing, p. 53.5Joint filling, p. 63.6Proper installation and quality control, p. 63.7Climate, p. 73.8Curing, p. 73.9Sealers, p. 83.10Safety, p. 103.11Reinforcement, p. 103.12Sustainability, p. 10CHAPTER 4PLASTIC CONCRETE COLOR TECHNIQUES, p. 104.

16、1General, p. 104.2Integral color, p. 104.3Color shake-on hardeners, p. 124.4Exposed aggregate, p. 134.5Advantages, p. 154.6Disadvantages, p. 154.7Special procedures and tools, p. 154.8Required products, p. 154.9Safety, p. 154.10Maintenance, p. 15ACI 310R-13Guide to Decorative ConcreteReported by ACI

17、 Committee 310Larry Rowland, ChairLance BoyerClark BranumWalter B. BurnsTerry C. CollinsDaniel P. DorfmuellerJames A. FarnyRoy E. HarveyDavid E. HoytAllyn C. LukeScott C. MetzgerMichael E. MurrayDionne OjedaJoe A. ReardonTodd A. ScharichMichael S. SmithNicholas J. SorrentinoCori E. SuttonJames Vermi

18、llionConsulting membersDoug BannisterLarry E. GoodRobert P. HarrisHarry P. MoatsJoseph V. NasvikFrank Piccolo1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals

19、 who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall n

20、ot be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by th

21、e Architect/Engineer.ACI 310R-13 was adopted and published December 2013.Copyright 2013, American Concrete InstituteAll rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, pr

22、inted, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.ACI Committee 310 wishes to extend special acknowledgements to the following individuals for thei

23、r contribution to the development of this guide: M. S. Smith, N. Blackburn, J. Strieder, and A. Werner.CHAPTER 5PLASTIC CONCRETE TEXTURING AND PATTERNING TECHNIQUES, p. 155.1Texturing: embossing, imprinting, stenciling, and stamping, p. 155.2Stamping, p. 175.3Texture and pattern rollers, p. 175.4Ste

24、ncils (paper templates), p. 195.5Object impressing, p. 205.6Texturing with standard tooling, p. 20CHAPTER 6POST-PLACEMENT COLORING TECHNIQUES, p. 216.1General, p. 216.2Reactive stains, p. 246.3Concrete dyes, p. 286.4Acid etching, p. 28CHAPTER 7POST-PLACEMENT TEXTURING AND PATTERNING TECHNIQUES, p. 2

25、97.1General, p. 297.2Ground and polished concrete, p. 307.3Sandblast stenciling (abrasive blast stenciling), p. 377.4Engraved concrete, p. 397.5Decorative saw-cutting (scoring), p. 40CHAPTER 8DECORATIVE OVERLAYS AND REPAIR METHODS, p. 418.1General, p. 418.2Special procedures and tools, p. 428.3Requi

26、red products, p. 438.4Application, p. 438.5Touch-ups and post-repair aesthetic treatments, p. 44CHAPTER 9MAINTENANCE, p. 449.1General, p. 449.2Coatings and sealers, p. 449.3Stained concrete, p. 449.4Color hardened and densified concrete, p. 449.5Maintenance plan and closeout documentation, p. 45CHAP

27、TER 10REFERENCES, p. 45Cited references, p. 45CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE1.1IntroductionDecorative concrete has been in existence since approxi-mately 70 AD, when concrete was used for defining affluent or important areas of living space in communal cultures. Early examples of this type of adorn

28、ment are the streets and paving throughout the city of Pompeii near Naples, Italy. Early deco-rative concrete used colored aggregates and varying shapes or natural materials embedded in concrete paving.Traditionally, concrete has been specified more for its functional characteristics than as an enha

29、ncement to the aesthetics of the structure. Landscape architects were leaders in using concrete flatwork to enhance the visual appeal of hardscapes. Using color and texture introduced concrete as a landscape feature in addition to its functionality. An example is flatwork textured and colored to rep

30、licate the look of slate, brick, or natural stone as shown in Fig. 1.1a and 1.1b.The use of decorative concrete has been well received and considered as an alternative to other building materials for durable, versatile, and economical finishes. More designers are creating greater aesthetic appeal in

31、 projects by using one or more combinations of special concrete placement techniques including integral concrete colors, color hard-eners, chemical stains, pigments and dyes, surface texturing, jointing, exposed aggregate, surface embossing, polishing, Fig. 1.1aStamped, colored concrete with slate a

32、nd brick patterns in landscape setting (courtesy of Decorative Concrete Resources).Fig. 1.1bConcrete slab enhances design aesthetic with mimic of stone slab (courtesy of L. M. Scofield Company).American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.org2 GUIDE TO DECORATIVE CONCRETE (ACI 310R-1

33、3)and the use of sealants and coatings. The combinations of techniques and mediums described in this guide are exclu-sive; they cannot be replicated by any other durable medium.1.2ScopeThis guide describes several techniques for imparting aesthetic finishes to concrete, many of which can be combined

34、 for unique effects (Fig. 1.2). The guide provides detailed practical guidance for achieving aesthetic effects using proven techniques, both within and beyond the context of ACI 302.1R, which also governs these concrete elements.Recommendations for the production of cast-in-place decorative concrete

35、, stains, and overlays are presented. In addition to attention to specified materials, mixture designs, concrete placement, curing, protection, sealing, and other treatments, consideration of the effects of these treatments on the overall aesthetics of the structure is also addressed.CHAPTER 2DEFINI

36、TIONS“2013 ACI Concrete Terminology” provides a compre-hensive list of definitions that are available online at: http:/terminology.concrete.org. The definitions provided here complement that source.acid (or chemical) stainsee reactive stain .color hardenersimilar to traditional one-component hardene

37、rs, having additional constituent materials formu-lated to color the concrete surface.concrete dyecolorant for concrete that is applied to the concrete while it is in solution and results in a stained appearance; concrete dyes do not produce color via chemical reactionthey are usually a synthetic or

38、ganic compound and can degrade when exposed to light or alkalinity.crack chaserrotary tool using a v-shaped diamond blade to enlarge cracks in concrete to facilitate repair. The v-shape of the blade assists the operator in following the curves of the crack so as to not cause unnecessary damage to th

39、e piece being prepared for repair.decorative aggregatespecially selected aggregates chosen for their artistic contribution to the project; examples of materials used as decorative aggregate include colored stone, intrinsically valuable gathered stone, semiprecious stone, or colored glass.decorative

40、overlaymixture of cementitious materials installed over an existing concrete substrate; they can be integrally colored, stenciled, or used for artistic enhance-ment post-placement.densifiercombination of silicate and water-based compounds that react in the surface of the concrete to produce addition

41、al calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H); sili-cates are combined with carrier compounds, most commonly sodium-, potassium-, or lithium-based to aid the process. Some products also contain siliconate.embossingcreating a raised print or reverse replication of an object in the concrete surface.engravingcut

42、ting with a mechanical rotary or impact tool to texture a concrete surface product.etchtextured surface produced by cutting with a mechanical impact tool or by chemical etching by use of acid.grindingintentional removal of a visually apparent amount of surface without consideration of gloss.integral

43、 colorpigment that changes the color of the paste portion of the concrete mixture to produce a color change throughout the hardened concrete matrix.microtoppingbonded cementitious overlay usually 1/8 to 3/16 in. (3 to 5 mm) in thickness; when installed over an existing concrete substrate post-placem

44、ent, it can be inte-grally colored, stenciled, or used for artistic enhancement.needle scalerreciprocal impact tool that uses single or multiple thin rods to strike a surface.polished concretepost-placement architectural finish or texturing technique where concrete undergoes sequential mechanical ab

45、rasion resulting in a glossy surface with clarity ranging from matte to high gloss, depending on which point in the sequence the abrasion is ended; does not achieve gloss solely by the use of surface coatings. The complete process commonly includes chemical densification for increased strength and r

46、eduction of absorption.polished overlaybonded cementitious overlay 3/8 to 1 in. (10 to 25 mm) in depth cast over an existing concrete substrate designed to accept diamond abrading for a polished concrete appearance.reactive stainreactive solution of one or more metal salts stabilized by acid that pr

47、oduces coloration in a concrete substrate by neutralization of acid followed by precipitation of metal hydroxides or oxides.stain(v) use of a chemical stain or a concrete dye to change the color of the concrete surface that can be a penetrant or a low build coating that does not appreciably change t

48、he concretes texture; some acid stains can etch the concretes surface and can alter the texture.stampingprocess of applying a surface pattern to deco-rative concrete by using impact pressure to emboss texture, patterns, or faux joints into the surface of plastic concrete; usually providing a pattern

49、 of simulated natural materials Fig. 1.2Cast-in-place decorative concrete combining treatments during and post placement to achieve aesthetic effects (courtesy of Concrete Mystique Engraving).American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.orgGUIDE TO DECORATIVE CONCRETE (ACI 310R-13) 3such as brick, slate, tile, or stone using metal, soft or rigid plastic imprinting tools, or natural objects; also used to create a raised print or reverse replication of an object in the concrete surface.s