1、ACI 332.1R-06Guide to ResidentialConcrete ConstructionReported by ACI Committee 332American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeGuide to Residential Concrete ConstructionFirst printingDecember 2006ISBN 0-87031-226-XCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rig
2、hts reserved. This materialmay not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or otherdistribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguit
3、ies,omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occa-sionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may beincomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are
4、requested to contact ACI.ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate thesignificance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for theapplication of the material it contains. Individuals who use this public
5、ation in any way assume all risk andaccept total responsibility for the application and use of this information.All information in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied,including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fit
6、ness for a particular purpose ornon-infringement.ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental,or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may resultfrom the use of this publication.It is t
7、he responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate tothe specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard tohealth and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability
8、 of allregulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regula-tions, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)health and safety standards.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, b
9、y download, on CD-ROM, through electronicsubscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI
10、48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 332.1R-06 supersedes 332R-84 and became effective August 31, 2006.Copyright 2006, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by
11、any photo process, or by electronic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproductionor for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writingis obtained from the copyright proprietors.332.1R-1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, St
12、andard Practices, andCommentaries are intended for guidance in planning,designing, executing, and inspecting construction. Thisdocument is intended for the use of individuals who arecompetent to evaluate the significance and limitations of itscontent and recommendations and who will acceptresponsibi
13、lity for the application of the material it contains.The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and allresponsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall notbe liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items fo
14、und in this document are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation bythe Architect/Engineer.Guide to Residential Concrete ConstructionReported by ACI Committee 332ACI 332.1R-06This guide provides practical i
15、nformation about the construction of qualityresidential concrete. It covers concrete work for one- and two-family dwellingswith a maximum height of two stories above grade and a basement that iseither cast-in-place or placed as precast elements. Information on materials,proportions, production, deli
16、very, and testing is provided. Separate chapterson footings, walls, and slabs provide information on subgrade, forms,reinforcement, placement, consolidation, finishing, and curing. Specialconsiderations regarding insulation and hot and cold weather are included.Common problems and their repair are a
17、lso addressed. The discussion ofspecific design provisions and all drawings provided by this guide areintended to offer illustrations of typical practice and should not beinterpreted as meeting the requirements of specific codes or projectspecifications. Applicable codes and construction documents t
18、ake precedenceover the information contained in this document.Keywords: finish; footing; form; slab; slab-on-ground; subgrade; tolerance;wall.CONTENTSChapter 1Introduction, p. 332.1R-21.1Scope1.2DefinitionsChapter 2Concrete, p. 332.1R-62.1Fundamentals2.2Materials2.3Mixture proportioning2.4Ordering2.
19、5Production and delivery2.6TestingChapter 3Footings, p. 332.1R-133.1Purpose3.2 Excavation3.3 Soil3.4 Footing types3.5 Footing loads3.6Tolerances3.7Form types3.8Geometry3.9Concrete3.10Reinforcement3.11Placement3.12Curing and protection3.13Footing drainageChapter 4Walls, p. 332.1R-224.1Forming systems
20、4.2Precast systems4.3Reinforcement4.4GeometryBrent D. Anderson Thomas L. Carter Scott R. Humphreys Warren E. McPherson, Jr.Robert B. Anderson Michael W. Cook Said Iravani T. George MusteWilliam L. Arent Jerry D. Coombs Raj K. Jalla Royce J. RhoadsRobert Bartley Barry A. Descheneaux Kirby Justesen J.
21、 Edward SauterClaude J. Bergeron Nader R. Elhajj Tarek S. Khan Robert E. SculthorpeGlen E. Bollin Robert L. Henry Joseph Knarich Michael H. WeberKenneth B. Bondy Barry Herbert Lionel A. Lemay Kevin D. WolfMorris “Skip” HuffmanChairJames R. Baty, IISecretary332.1R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORT4.5Wall constr
22、uction4.6Curing and protection4.7Moisture protection4.8Backfilling4.9SafetyChapter 5Slabs, p. 332.1R-355.1Slabs-on-ground5.2Elevated slabs5.3Concrete5.4Placing and finishing5.5Jointing5.6CuringChapter 6Project considerations, p. 332.1R-416.1Ordering ready-mixed concrete6.2Site considerations6.3Place
23、ment considerations6.4Special materials6.5Hot weather concreting6.6Cold weather concreting6.7TroubleshootingChapter 7References, p. 332.1R-467.1Referenced standards and reports7.2Cited referencesCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONConcrete is the most widely used construction materialthroughout the world. Concrete
24、 is used in commercialstructures, transportation, water and waste management,public works, farm construction, and utility and residentialstructures. Based on the amount of concrete produced foreach of these categories, residential construction accountsfor the second largest application of concrete.1
25、.1ScopeThis guide provides practical information about theconstruction of quality residential concrete. It coversconcrete work for one- and two-family dwellings with amaximum height of two stories above grade and a basementthat is either cast-in-place or placed as precast elements.Information on mat
26、erials, proportions, production, delivery,and testing is provided. Separate chapters on footings, walls,and slabs provide information on subgrade, forms, reinforce-ment, placement, consolidation, finishing, and curing.Special considerations regarding insulation and hot and coldweather are included.
27、Common problems and their repair arealso addressed. The discussion of specific design provisionsand all drawings provided by this guide are intended to offerillustrations of typical practice and should not be interpretedas meeting the requirements of specific codes or projectspecifications. Applicab
28、le codes and construction documentstake precedence over the information contained in thisdocument.Information not presented in this guide includes above-grade concrete walls, deep foundation systems (such as piles,drilled piers, or caissons), free-standing retaining walls (4 ft1.2 m), post-tensioned
29、 slabs-on-ground, and elevatedconcrete slabs. Information on the use of lightweightconcrete is not covered in this guide. Guidance is availablefor these elements in other ACI documents. This guide alsodoes not cover loading and design for seismic forces with theexception of guidance on types of conn
30、ections between thesill plate and foundation wall commonly used in higherseismic design categories. Additional information onseismic loading and design can be found in the InternationalResidential Code (IRC).1.2Definitionsacceleratorsee admixture, accelerating.admixturea material other than water, a
31、ggregates,hydraulic cement, and fiber reinforcement; used as aningredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshlymixed, setting, or hardened properties and is added to thebatch before or during its mixing.admixture, acceleratingan admixture that causes anincrease in the rate of hydration of
32、the hydraulic cement andthus shortens the time of setting, increases the rate ofstrength development, or both.admixture, air-entrainingan admixture that causes thedevelopment of a system of microscopic air bubbles inconcrete, mortar, or cement paste during mixing, usually toincrease its workability
33、and resistance to freezing andthawing.admixture, retardingan admixture that causes adecrease in the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement andlengthens the time of setting.admixture, water-reducingan admixture that eitherincreases slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete withoutincreasing water
34、content or maintains slump with a reducedamount of water, the effect being due to factors other than airentrainment.admixture, water-reducing (high-range)a water-reducing admixture capable of producing large water reductionor great flowability without causing undue set retardation orentrainment of a
35、ir in mortar or concrete.agent, releasematerial used to prevent bonding ofconcrete to a surface.aggregategranular material, such as sand, gravel,crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or ironblast-furnace slag, used with a hydraulic cementing mediumto produce either concrete or mortar.agg
36、regate, coarseaggregate predominantly retained onthe 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, or that portion retained on the4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.aggregate, fineaggregate passing the 9.5 mm (3/8 in.)sieve, almost entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, andpredominantly retained on the 75 m (No. 200) sieve; or th
37、atportion passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and predomi-nantly retained on the 75 m (No. 200) sieve.air-entraining agentsee admixture, air-entraining.air entrainmentthe incorporation of air in the form ofmicroscopic bubbles (typically smaller than 1 mm) duringthe mixing of either concrete or mortar.
38、alkalisalts of alkali metals, principally sodium or potas-sium; specifically, sodium and potassium occurring inRESIDENTIAL CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 332.1R-3constituents of concrete and mortar, usually expressed inchemical analyses as the oxides Na2O and K2O.alkali-silica reactionsee reaction, alkali-si
39、lica.allowable bearing capacitythe maximum pressure towhich a soil or other material should be subjected to guardagainst shear failure or excessive settlement.anchor boltsee bolt, anchor.anchor strapa galvanized light gauge steel devicedesigned to transfer uplift and/or lateral forces from woodframi
40、ng members to concrete foundations. The device is castinto the concrete foundation wall with attachment points foranchorage of the building deck.baran element, normally composed of steel, with anominally uniform cross-sectional area used to reinforceconcrete.bar, deformeda reinforcing bar with a man
41、ufacturedpattern of surface ridges intended to reduce slip and increasepullout resistance of bars embedded in concrete.bar diameterthe proper designation of the sizes forreinforcement bars used in concrete construction, expressedas db.bar supporthardware used to support or hold reinforcingbars in pr
42、oper position to prevent displacement before andduring concreting.barrier, vaporsee retarder, vapor.blast-furnace slagthe nonmetallic product consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium andother bases that is developed in a molten condition simulta-neously with iron in a blast
43、 furnace.bleedingthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, orits emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar; causedby the settlement of the solid materials within the mass; alsocalled water gain.blockouta space within a concrete structure underconstruction in which fresh concrete is not to be
44、 placed.bolt, anchora metal bolt or stud, headed or threaded,that is cast in place, grouted in place, or drilled into finishedconcrete, and used to hold various structural members orembedments in the concrete, and to resist shear, tension, andvibration loadings from various sources such as wind andm
45、achine vibration; also known as a hold-down bolt or afoundation bolt.boringa sample of soil or concrete for tests.calcium chloridea crystalline solid, CaCl2; in varioustechnical grades, it is used as a drying agent, as an acceleratorof concrete, as a deicing chemical, and for other purposes.(See als
46、o admixture, accelerating.)cement, blendeda hydraulic cement consisting essentiallyof an intimate and uniform blend of granulated blast-furnaceslag and hydrated lime; or an intimate and uniform blend ofportland cement and granulated blast-furnace slag, portlandcement and pozzolan, or portland blast-
47、furnace slag cementand pozzolan, produced by intergrinding portland cementclinker with the other materials or by blending portlandcement with the other materials, or a combination of inter-grinding and blending.cement, portlanda hydraulic cement produced bypulverizing portland-cement clinker, and us
48、ually incombination with calcium sulfate.cement pastebinder of concrete and mortar consistingessentially of cement, water, hydration products, and anyadmixtures together with very finely divided materialsincluded in the aggregates.cementitioushaving cementing properties.chairsee bar support.chutea s
49、loping trough or tube for conducting concrete,cement, aggregate, or other free-flowing materials from ahigher to a lower pound, curinga liquid that can be applied as acoating to the surface of newly placed concrete to retard theloss of water or, in the case of pigmented compounds, toreflect heat so as to provide an opportunity for the concreteto develop its properties in a favorable temperature andmoisture pressive strengthsee strength, compressive.concretea composite mat
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