ACI 355.4-2011 Qualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchors in Concrete (ACI 355.4) and Commentary.pdf

1、ACI 355.4-11Reported by ACI Committee 355Qualification of Post-Installed AdhesiveAnchors in Concrete (ACI 355.4)An ACI Standardand CommentaryQualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchorsin Concrete (ACI 355.4) and CommentaryFirst PrintingAugust 2011ISBN 978-0-87031-393-6American Concrete Institut

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11、ax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 355.4-11 supersedes ACI 355.4-10 (provisional), was adopted July 5, 2011, andpublished August 2011.Copyright 2011, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies b

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14、application of thematerial it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaimsany and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Instituteshall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this d

15、ocument are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation bythe Architect/Engineer.Qualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchorsin Concrete (ACI 355.4) and CommentaryAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 3

16、55ACI 355.4-11This standard prescribes testing programs and evaluation requirements forpost-installed adhesive anchors intended for use in concrete under thedesign provisions of ACI 318. Testing and assessment criteria are providedfor various conditions of use, including seismic loading; sustained l

17、oading;aggressive environments; reduced and elevated temperatures; and fordetermining whether anchors are acceptable for use in uncracked concreteonly, or acceptable for service both in cracked and uncracked concrete.Criteria are provided for establishing the characteristic bond strength,reductions

18、for adverse conditions, and the anchor category and associatedjob-site quality control requirements.Keywords: adhesive anchors; cracked concrete; fasteners; post-installedanchors; qualification procedures; uncracked concrete.CONTENTSChapter 1Introduction and scope, p. 31.1Introduction1.2Scope1.3Unit

19、s of measurementChapter 2Notation and definitions, p. 52.1Notation2.2DefintionsChapter 3General requirements, p. 113.1Test organization3.2Variables and options3.3Test requirements3.4Assessment for multiple anchor element types foradhesive anchors3.5Assessment for alternate drilling methodsTarek S. A

20、ziz Werner A. F. Fuchs Richard E. Klingner Jake OlsenRanjit L. Bandyopadhyay*Branko Galunic Anthony J. Lamanna Alan D. PricePeter J. Carrato Brian C. Gerber Harry B. Lancelot III John F. SilvaHarry A. Chambers Michael Gong Nam-Ho Lee Patrick J. E. SullivanRonald A. Cook Herman L. Graves III Lee W. M

21、attis Harry WiewelRolf Eligehausen Christopher Heinz Robert R. McGlohn Richard E. WollmershauserSam S. Eskildsen Bruce I. Ireland*Deceased.The committee would like the recognize Christopher LaVine for his significant contributions to this document.Donald F. MeinheitChairJ. Bret TurleySecretaryConsul

22、ting membersEdwin G. Burdette Paul R. HollenbachRobert W. Cannon Conrad PaulsonNeil M. Hawkins Dan R. StoppenhagenA metric version of this document (ACI355.4M-11) is available at www.concrete.org2 QUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED ADHESIVE ANCHORS IN CONCRETE (ACI 355.4-11) AND COMMENTARYAmerican Conc

23、rete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.orgChapter 4Requirements for test specimens,anchor installation, and testing, p. 174.1Testing by ITEA and manufacturer4.2Test samples4.3Concrete for test members4.4Requirements for test members4.5Anchor installation4.6Drill bit requirements4.7Test meth

24、ods4.8Tests in cracked concrete4.9Changes to productsChapter 5Requirements for anchor identification,p. 245.1Basic requirements5.2Verification5.3Fingerprinting adhesive materials5.4PackagingChapter 6Reference tests, p. 246.1Purpose6.2Required tests6.3Conduct of testsChapter 7Reliability tests, p. 25

25、7.1Purpose7.2Required tests7.3Conduct of tests7.4Reliability tests7.5Sensitivity to hole cleaningdry concrete7.6Sensitivity to hole cleaningsaturated concrete7.7Sensitivity to hole cleaningwater-filled hole7.8Sensitivity to hole cleaningsubmerged concrete7.9Sensitivity to mixing effort7.10Sensitivit

26、y to installation in water-saturated concrete7.11Sensitivity to installation in water-filled holesaturated concrete7.12Sensitivity to installation in submerged concrete7.13Sensitivity to crack widthlow-strength concrete7.14Sensitivity to crack widthhigh-strength concrete7.15Sensitivity to crack widt

27、h cycling7.16Sensitivity to freezing and thawing7.17Sensitivity to sustained loading at standard andmaximum long-term temperature7.18Sensitivity to installation direction7.19Torque testChapter 8Service-condition tests, p. 328.1Purpose8.2Required tests8.3Conduct of tests8.4Tension tests in uncracked

28、and cracked concrete8.5Tension tests at elevated temperature8.6Tension tests with decreased installation temperature8.7Establishment of cure time at standard temperature8.8Durability assessment8.9Verification of full concrete capacity in a corner8.10Determination of minimum spacing and edgedistance

29、to preclude splitting8.11Tests to determine shear capacity of anchor elementswith nonuniform cross section8.12Simulated seismic tension tests8.13Simulated seismic shear testsChapter 9Supplemental tests, p. 389.1Round-robin tests9.2Tests to determine minimum member thicknessChapter 10Assessment of an

30、chors, p. 3910.1Analysis of data10.2Normalization of anchor capacities for measuredconcrete bond and steel strengths10.3Establishing characteristic values10.4Assessment of characteristic tension capacityassociated with concrete breakout and pullout10.5Assessment of steel tension capacity10.6Assessme

31、nt of steel shear capacity10.7Assessment of minimum member thickness10.8Assessment of maximum tightening torque10.9Assessment of behavior under crack cycling10.10Assessment of freezing-and-thawing behavior10.11Assessment of sustained load behavior10.12Assessment of performance associated withinstall

32、ation direction10.13Assessment of performance at elevated temperature10.14Assessment of performance with decreasedinstallation temperature10.15Assessment for cure time at standard temperature10.16Assessment of durability requirement10.17Assessment of performance in corner test10.18Assessment of perf

33、ormance in minimum spacingand edge distance test10.19Assessment of performance under seismic tension10.20Assessment of performance under seismic shear10.21Establishment of hole cleaning procedures10.22Establishment of on-site quality control andinstallation conditions10.23Assessment based on install

34、ation and environmentalconditions10.24Assessment for fire exposureChapter 11Data presentation, p. 5111.1General requirements11.2Contents of evaluation report11.3Data presentationChapter 12Independent testing and evaluationagency requirements, p. 5312.1General requirements12.2CertificationChapter 13Q

35、uality control requirements, p. 5413.1Quality assurance program13.2Quality control manuals13.3Special inspectionChapter 14References, p. 5414.1Referenced standards and reports14.2Cited referencesQUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED ADHESIVE ANCHORS IN CONCRETE (ACI 355.4-11) AND COMMENTARY 3American Conc

36、rete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.orgCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1IntroductionThis standard prescribes testing and evaluation requirementsfor post-installed adhesive anchor systems intended for usein concrete under the provisions of ACI 318. Criteria areseparately prescribed to determine th

37、e suitability of adhesiveanchors used in uncracked concrete only, or in both crackedand uncracked concrete. Criteria are prescribed to determinethe design parameters and performance category for adhesiveanchors. Included are assessments of the adhesive anchorsystem for bond strength, reliability, se

38、rvice conditions, andquality control. Special inspection (13.3) is required duringanchor installation as noted in 10.22. Table 1.1 provides anoverview of the scope.R1.1 This standard prescribes the testing programsrequired to qualify post-installed adhesive anchor systemsfor design in accordance wit

39、h ACI 318, Appendix D.Appendix D requires that anchors be tested either for useexclusively in uncracked concrete or for use in cracked anduncracked concrete conditions, whereby it is understood thatthe presence of cracking may occur at any time over theservice life of the anchors. Test and assessmen

40、t criteria areprovided for various conditions, including loads (seismicand sustained), environmental with regard to humidity andtemperature, and determination if anchors are acceptablefor use in cracked or uncracked concrete. Refer to Cook andKonz (2001) for a review of factors that influence adhesi

41、veanchor behavior. Refer to Fuchs et al. (1995) for backgroundon the concrete breakout design model and to Eligehausen etal. (2006) and Zamora et al. (2003) for a discussion of bondmodels for adhesive and grouted anchors. For a discussionof issues associated with the qualification and design ofsyste

42、ms for post-installed reinforcing bars, refer to Spieth etal. (2001).1.2ScopeThis standard applies only to post-installed adhesiveanchors as defined herein.R1.2 Adhesive anchors resist tension loads with a combi-nation of adhesion and mechanical bond (micro-interlock).Different anchor designs and ad

43、hesive types may exhibit arange of performance characteristics. In particular, thesensitivity of adhesive anchors to variations in installationand service-condition parameters (such as hole cleaning,installation orientation, and cracked concrete characteristics)may vary widely from each system. ACI

44、318 addresses thissituation by matching capacity reduction factors to anchorperformance categories that are, in turn, establishedthrough a series of reliability tests.1.2.1 This standard applies to anchors with a diameter daof 1/4 in. or larger. The drilled hole shall be approximatelycylindrical wit

45、h a diameter do 1.5da. This standard alsoapplies to anchors with an anchor embedment depth hefnotless than four diameters (4da), or 1-5/8 in., and an embedmentdepth not exceeding 20da.R1.2.1 The minimum diameter of 1/4 in. is based onpractical considerations regarding the limit of structuralanchor a

46、pplications. The upper limit on the ratio of holediameter to anchor element diameter provides a demarcationbetween conditions where a single bond strength can be usedto evaluate anchor strength and conditions where bondstrengths at both the anchor interface and concrete interfacemust be determined t

47、o evaluate anchor strength. In addition,the value of 1.5dais based on consideration of typical practicewhereby most organic adhesives are used with thin bondlines to limit both adhesive shrinkage and creep of theanchor when under load. The design method deemed tosatisfy the anchor design requirement

48、s of ACI 318, Appendix D,is based on an analysis of an anchor database with amaximum diameter of 2 in. While ACI 355.4 gives nolimitations on maximum anchor diameter, for anchorsbeyond this dimension, the testing authority should decide ifthe tests described in this standard are applicable or ifalte

49、rnative tests and analyses are more appropriate. It mayalso be desirable to reconsider those tests where only small,medium, and large diameters are tested when the upperdiameter is much larger than 1-1/2 in.A limitation on the minimum embedment length of adhesiveanchors is necessary to ensure conformance with the designmethod deemed to satisfy the anchor design requirements ofACI 318, Appendix D.1.2.2 The minimum member thickness shall not be lessthan the value given by E