ACI 437.2-2013 Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2-13) and Commentary.pdf

1、ACI 437.2-13Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2-13) and CommentaryAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 437First PrintingJanuary 2014Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures and CommentaryCopyright by the American Concrete Instit

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11、ports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgISBN: 978-0-87031-857-3American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowle

12、dgeACI 437.2-13Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2-13) and CommentaryReported by ACI Committee 437Carl J. Larosche*, Chair J. Gustavo Tumialan*, SecretaryJoseph A. AmonNicholas J. CarinoPaolo CasadeiJohn A. FrauenhofferNestore Galati*Zareh B. GregorianPawan

13、R. GuptaFrederick D. HeidbrinkAshok M. KakadeDanielle D. KleinhansAndrew T. KrauklisDaniel J. McCarthyJaveed MunshiAntonio NanniThomas E. Nehil*Renato ParrettiK. Nam ShiuJeffrey S. West*Paul H. Ziehl*Consulting MembersMarco ArduiniHabib M. Zein Alabideen*Member of the subcommittee that prepared this

14、 reportThis code provides requirements for test load magnitudes, test protocols, and acceptance criteria for conducting a load test as a means of evaluating the safety and serviceability of concrete struc-tural members and systems for existing buildings as provided for by ACI 562-13. A load test may

15、 be conducted as part of a struc-tural evaluation to determine whether an existing building requires repair and rehabilitation, or to verify the adequacy of repair and rehabilitation measures applied to an existing building, or both. This code contains provisions for both a cyclic load test and a mo

16、notonic load test procedure.Keywords: acceptance criteria; cyclic loading; load test; monotonic loading; test load magnitude; test protocol.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1GENERAL, p. 31.1General, p. 31.2Scope, p. 31.3Purpose, p. 31.4Limitations, p. 41.5Interpretation, p. 41.6Language and units of measurement, p.

17、4CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 52.1Notation, p. 52.2Definitions, p. 6CHAPTER 3REFERENCED STANDARDS, p. 8CHAPTER 4TEST LOAD, p. 94.1Service loads, p. 94.2Test load magnitude, p. 91ACI 437.2-13 replaces ACI 437-12, was adopted October 23, 2013, and published January 2014.Copyright 2014, Americ

18、an Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any know

19、ledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.CHAPTER 5LOADING PROTOCOL, p. 115.1Safety, p. 115.2Load arrangement, p. 115.3Monotonic loading protocol, p. 125.4Cyclic loading protocol, p. 125.5Load application, p. 135.6Response measuremen

20、ts, p. 145.7Visual inspection, p. 14CHAPTER 6ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, p. 156.1Distress caused by load test, p. 156.2Performance assessment at service load level, p. 166.3Acceptance criteria for monotonic loading protocol, p. 176.4Acceptance criteria for cyclic loading protocol, p. 176.5Provision for low

21、er load rating, p. 19R7COMMENTARY REFERENCES, p. 21Cited references, p. 21American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.org2 CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD TESTING OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2-13)CHAPTER 1GENERAL 1.1General 1.1.1 The scope, purpose, applicability, limitation

22、s, inter-pretation principles, and units of measure are defined in this chapter.1.1.2 This code supplements and is part of the “Code Requirements for Evaluation, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Buildings (ACI 562-13) and Commen-tary” through reference. 1.2Scope 1.2.1 The requirements

23、 of this code shall govern for the evaluation of safety and serviceability of members in existing concrete structures by load testing.1.2.2 The requirements of this code shall apply to rein-forced concrete with prestressed reinforcement, nonpre-stressed reinforcement, or both.1.2.3 Procedures and re

24、quirements provided in this code are not applicable to existing structures having concretes with compressive strengths above 8000 psi unless permitted by the licensed design professional.1.2.4 For structures being erected under the requirements of a legally adopted general building code, of which AC

25、I 318-11 forms a part, this standard shall not replace Chapter 20 of ACI 318-11.1.3Purpose1.3.1 The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements for the test load magnitudes, load test proce-dures, and acceptance criteria applied to existing concrete structures as part of an evaluat

26、ion of safety and service-ability to determine whether an existing structure requires repair and rehabilitation, to verify the adequacy of repair and rehabilitation measures applied to an existing structure, or to provide for public health and safety through structural safety and serviceability.1.3.

27、2 Load tests shall be conducted according to load test procedures as described in Chapter 5.R1GENERAL R1.1General R1.1.2 Through its reference by ACI 562-13, this code is to be used only when ACI 562-13 governs. In those cases in which the general building code governs, then the applicable provision

28、s of Chapter 20 of ACI 318-11 dealing with load testing are to be used. R1.2Scope R1.2.1 The determination of situations where a load test is required is outside the scope of this code. Furthermore, this code does not address procedures for analytical strength evaluations, condition evaluation of ex

29、isting structures, or assessment of structural deterioration and its consequences. The licensed design professional should advise the owner and parties participating in the load testing of a structure of the potential for damage or even failure of the portions of the structure to be load tested in a

30、ccordance with the procedures of this code. Refer to 5.1 for provisions relating to safety and shoring.R1.2.4 Experience is lacking in the application of the procedures and requirements in this code to structures having high-strength concrete (concrete compressive strengths over 8000 psi). Structure

31、s with high-strength concrete may exhibit a more linear response as the structure approaches its load-carrying limit and may experience a more brittle failure in comparison to structures with strengths less than 8000 psi.American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.orgCODE REQUIREMEN

32、TS FOR LOAD TESTING OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2-13) 3CODE COMMENTARY1.3.3 All references in this code to the licensed design professional shall be understood to mean persons who are licensed to practice structural design in the jurisdiction where this code is being used. The licensed

33、design profes-sional for a project is responsible for and in charge of the evaluation of safety and serviceability.1.4Limitations 1.4.1 This code does not apply to foundations, slabs-on-ground, structures whose responses are dominated by in-plane actions, or structures having unusual design concepts

34、 as determined by the licensed design professional.1.4.2 This code shall not be used for product develop-ment testing where load testing is used for quality control or approval of mass-produced members.1.4.3 Testing for resistance to load effects of fatigue, wind, and earthquakes is outside the scop

35、e of this code.1.4.4 Load testing to determine design strength or load-carrying limit at failure is outside the scope of this code.1.5Interpretation1.5.1 The official version of the code is the English language version published by the American Concrete Insti-tute using inch-pound units.1.5.2 In cas

36、e of conflict between the official version of the code and other versions of the code, the official version governs.1.6Language and units of measurementValues in this code are stated in inch-pound units. A companion code in SI units is also available.R1.4Limitations R1.4.1 The procedures and require

37、ments in this code have been developed and applied to structural members subjected to gravity loads and where the structural response is domi-nated by flexure, such as typical elements of the gravity load-resisting system in a building. This code is not appli-cable to structures where the response i

38、nvolves significant in-plane or membrane action, where soil-structure interac-tion is present, or in situations where the structural behavior is not typical of building structural elements. Structures where the response may be inappropriate for use with the requirements of this code include shells,

39、arches, bins and silos, blast-resistant structures, and chimneys.R1.4.4 The procedures and requirements of this code are not intended to provide any indication of the design strength or load-carrying limit of a member or structure at failure. The term “design strength” refers to the strength of a me

40、mber or cross section as used in the context of the basic require-ment for strength design, expressed as “design strength required strength” (based on factored load combinations of the general existing building code). The design strength is calculated in accordance with the provisions and assump-tio

41、ns of the strength design method of the general existing building code and multiplied by the appropriate strength reduction factor .American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.org4 CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD TESTING OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2-13)CODE COMMENTARYCHAPTE

42、R 2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS 2.1NotationD = total dead load: Dw+ Ds, or related internal moments or forcesDs= superimposed dead load, or related internal moments or forcesDw= load due to self-weight of the concrete structural systemF = load due to weight and pressure of fluids with well-defined densi

43、ties and controllable maximum heights, or related internal moments or forcesIDL= deviation from linearity indexIPi= permanency index for the i-th cycle at specified load level of a cyclic load testIP(i+1)= permanency index for the (i + 1)thcycle at specified load level of a cyclic load testIpr= perm

44、anency ratio indexL = live load due to use and occupancy of the building not including environmental load and superim-posed dead load, or related internal moments or forcesLr= roof live load produced during maintenance by workers, equipment, and materials or during life of structure by moveable obje

45、cts such as planters and people, or related internal moments or forceslt= span of member under load test and taken as the smaller of: (a) distance between centers of supports; and (b) clear distance between supports plus thick-ness h of member; for a cantilever, it shall be taken as twice the distan

46、ce from face of support to canti-lever end, in.Pi= applied load corresponding to point i in load-deflection envelope in a cyclic load test, used for calculation of aiin IDLacceptance criterion, lbPmax= applied load corresponding to 100 percent of test load magnitude, lbPmin= minimum load to be maint

47、ained during a cyclic load test, lbPref= reference load corresponding to the peak load of the first cycle (reference point) in a cyclic load test, used for computation of arefin IDLacceptance crite-rion, lbR = rain load, or related internal moments and forcesS = snow load, or related internal moment

48、s or forcesai= slope of secant line of point i in load-deflection envelope, where secant line passes through origin and point of interest, i, in a cyclic load test, degreesaref= slope of reference secant line in load-deflection envelope, where reference secant line passes through origin and peak loa

49、d of the first cycle (reference point) in a cyclic load test, degreesi= measured deflection corresponding to point i in load-deflection envelope in a cyclic load test, used for computation of aiin IDLacceptance criterion, in.R2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.orgCODE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD TESTING OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2-13) 5CODE COMMENTARYl= maximum measured deflection (cyclic or mono-tonic load test), in.l2= maximum deflection measured during a retest rela-tive to