1、ntematisnal Coderence ttawa, Canada, 1989 L American Concrete Ins ti tu te, Detroit YM- Malhotra Editor n SP-119 a“ COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesAC1 SP-LL7 87 I882947 0008483 - DISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may
2、be submitted in accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of discussion is June 1, 1990. All discussion approved by the Technical Activities Committee along with closing remarks by the authors will b
3、e published in the November-December 1989 issue of either Structural Journal or AC1 Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis o the individual paper. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor i
4、ntended to, supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. The papers in this volume have been reviewed under Institute publication procedures by individuals expert in the subject areas of the papers. CopyrightG1989 AMERICAN CONC
5、RETE INSTImE P.O. Box 19150 Redford Station Detroit, Michigan 48219 All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic OF mechanical device, printed or written or oral, OF recording or so
6、und or visual reproduction or for use in any howledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Printed in the United States of America Editorial production: Patricia Kost LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMIBER 89-85387 COPYRIGHT ACI In
7、ternational (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesPREFACE In May, 1978, the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technolcgy (CANMET), in association 17ith iAe American Concrete Institute, the AC1 Eastern Ontario and Quebec Chapter, and the Structural Division of the C
8、anadian Society for Civil Engineering, sponsored a three-day conference in Ottawa on the use of superplasticizers in concrete. Selected papers frornthe symposiumwere published as ArnerkanConcreteInstitute special publication SP-62. In 1981, CANMET in association with the above organizations, sponsor
9、ed a second three-day international conference in Ottawa on the use of superplasticizers in concrete, The proceedings of the conference were published as American Concrete Institute special publication SP-68. In October 1989, CA“ in association with the American Concrete Institute and the AC1 Easter
10、n Ontario and Quebec Chapter sponsored the third Wee-day international conference in Ottawa. The purpose of the third conference was to review the progresa made since the meetings in 1978 and 1981; and to bring together representatives of the chernical admixtures, cement, and concrete industries te,
11、 exchange information and to delineate new areas of needed research. The scope of this conference was expanded to include chemical admi*ures other than superplasticizers. The proceedings of the conference werepubbiedasAmericanConcretePnstitutespecialplisatisn SP-119 s A total of 48 papers from more
12、than 15 comtriea were received and reviewed by an expert panel of AC1 reviewers, and 33 were accepted or publication. The cooperation of the authors in accepting the reviewers suggestions and in revising their manuscripts is greatly appreciated. Particular thanks are extendedtothemembers ofthereview
13、 panel for their contributions toward the publication of this volume e V.M. Malhotra, Editor Chaiman, Third CANMET/ACI international Conference on Superplasticizers . and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete . 111 COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Hand
14、ling ServicesORGANIZING COMTTEE Third International Conference on Superplasticizers and Orner Chemical Admixtures in Concrete Ottawa, Canada October 1989 *.A.* V.M. Malhotra Chaiman Theodore W. Bramer (member) Henri L. Isabelle (member) Georges e. Carette (member) V.S. Rarnachandran (member) Harry S
15、. Wilson Secretary-Treasurer iv COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesCONTENTS * PFACE. . iii SUPERPLASTIGIZERS: A GLn)BAL REVIEW WITH EMPHACIS ON DURABILITY AND INNOVATIVE CONCRETES by V.M. Malhotra . 1 REUSE OF RHZTRNED CONCRETE BY HYDRAT
16、ION CONTRQL: CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW CONCEPT by F.D. Kinrmey 19 CASE HISTORIES - THE USE OF SUPERPLASTICIZERS IN TWO EXTREMES OF CONCRETE PLACEMENT DIFFICULTIES by A.J. Hulchizer, J.J. Ucciferre, and G.E. Gray 41 PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCREm WITH SILICA FUME USING HIGH-RANGE WATER REDUCER O
17、F SLUMP RETAINING TYPE by K. Mitsui, H. Kasami, Y. Yoshioka, and M. Kinoshita. . 79 CHEMICAL CHARACFERIZATION OF PLASTICIZERS AND SUPERPLASTICIZERS by E. Pcta and A. Verhaccelt. . 99 PHYSIOCHEMICAE CHARACTERIZATION OF SWERPLASTICIZEPZL; by J. Khormi and P.-C. Aitcin.ll7 RAPID METHODS OF DISTINGUISHI
18、NG PLASTICIZER FROM SUPERPLASTICIZER AND ASSESSING SUPERPLASTICIZER DOSAGE by A. Verhacselt and J. Pairon. 133 RELATIVE EFFECTS OF Ca-POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE AND Na-SULPHONATE-BASED SUPERPLASTICIZERS ON PRQPERTIES OF FmWXNG CONCREXE by Y. Sekiguchi, T. Okada, and T. kigai . 157 RHEOLDGI(IAL BEHAVIOR O
19、F FORTLAND CEMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUPERPLASTICIZER by E. Hama, #. Luke, B. Perraton, and P.-6. Aitcin 171 EFFECT OF C“PCAL ADMIXTURES ON !tHE RKEEoeY OF FRESH CN(2REKE DURING VIBRATION by S. Kakuta and T. Kojima . 189 INFLUENCE OF DIFFEREW SULZONATED NAP-E POLYMERS ON THE FLUIDITY OF CEMENT PAS
20、TE by F. Basile, S. Biagini; G. Ferrari, and PI. Collepardi 209 EFFECT OF WATER DISPERSIBLE FOLYMERS ON THE PROPEXTIES OF SUPERPLASTICIZED CEMENrF PASTE, MORTAR, AND CONCBETE by J.J. Beaudoin and V.S. Ramachandran.221 V COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information
21、 Handling Servicessm COrnOE WITH mmm POLYMERIC BISPrnrn by T. Izumi, T. Mizunuma, M. Iizuka, and M. Fukuda.243 INTERACTION OF POLYMER WITH CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND GAEx3IuEI TRISILICATE . by S. Chandra and P. Flodin263 EFl3ECT OF RETENPERING WITH SUPERPLASTICIZER ON PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND HARDENl3D CO
22、NCRETE MIXED AT HIGHER AMBIENT TEMPIS!ATURES by M.A. Samarai, V. Ramakrichnan, and V.M. Malkotra273 AIR-VOID CKAP7BcFERISTICC AND FREEZING AND THAWING RESISTANCE OF SUPERPEASTICIZED AIR-ENTRAINED CONCFETE WITH HIGH WORKAl3ILITY by E. Siebel . 297 DEVEIR)= OF ADMIXTURFIS FOR HIGHLY DURABLE CONCRETE b
23、y Y. Ohama, K. Demura, Y. Satoh, K. Tachibana, and Y. Miyazaki 321 A MODEL FOR DEICER SCALING RESISTANCE OF FIELD CONCRETES CONTAINING HIGH-RANGE WATER REWCERS by D. Whiting and J. Schmitt . 343 SUPEWIJSTICIZEZS AND CONCRETE DURABILITY by R.N. Sw amy.* 361 USE OF CONCXEZE ADMIXTURES TO PROVIDE LDNG-
24、TIERM DURABIUTY FROM STEEL CORROSION by N.S. Ekrke and L.R. Roberts.383 EFFECT OF ALKALI SULFATE: ON THE RHEOLDGICAE BEHAVIOR OF CEMENT PASTE CONTAINING A SUPERPLASTICIZER by T. Nawa, H. Eguchi, and Y. Fukaya . 405 OPTIMIZATION OF SUPERPLASTICIZER TYPE AND IX)SAGE IN FLY ASH AND SILICA FMl3 CONCRETE
25、S by M. Collepardi, S. Monosi, and M. Valente425 A STUDY ON SUPERPLASTICIZED CONCFG3TE CONTAINING HIGH VOLUMES OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG by S. Nichibayashi, A. Yoshino, S. Hideshima, M. Takada, and T. Chikada445 COMBINED EFFECT OF SUPERPLASTICIZER AND ACRYLIC LATEX IN CEMENT MOWTARS WITH AND WITHOUT SIL
26、ICA FUME: by C. Atzeni, G. Mantegazza, L. Macsidda, and U. Sanna.457 CONSTRUCTION OF A DRY DOCK USING TREMIE SUPERPLASTICIZED CONCRETE by M. Collepardi, R. Khurana, and M. Valente.471 Vi COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesEFFECTS OF CHEM
27、ICAL ADMIXTURES ON COLLOIDAL UNDERWATER CONCRETE by M. Kawakami, S. Wada, and K. Suzukawa.,.493 USE OF (XEiCECAE ADMI-S IN CONCRETE PLATFORMS by H. Rowieberg 517 A YEAR-ROUND ACCEUXATING ADMI= by J.W. Brook and R.J. Ryan 535 NEM DEVEPX)PMENTS IN SUPERPLASTICIZERS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE by M. Berra
28、, 6. Ferrara, G. Mantegazza, and A. Seren557 EFFECT OF SUPERPEASTPCIZW AND VISCOSITY-INCREASING ADMIXTURE ON PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCREXE by T, Kawai and T. Okada,583 FIELD TRIALS OF SUPERPLASTICIZED GROUT AT AEXLS UNDERGROUND RESEARCPI IAEJOFUiTORY by M.N. Gray and E.D. Keil . 605 E
29、VALUATION OF SUPERPLASTICIZERS IN CONCRETE by P.K. Mukherjee 625 ADSORWION STUDIES OF 35S-IABELLED SUPERPLASTICIZER IN CEMENT-=ED GROUT by M.M. Onofrei and M.N. Gray 645 SI (Metric) TABLES. 661 vii COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSP 1
30、19-1 Superplasticizers: A. Global Review with Emphasis 011 Durability and Innovative Concretes by V.M. Malhotra t3mopsis: superplasticizers in Japan and Germany, describes briefly their mode of action, and discusses the properties of superplasticized fresh and hardened concrete. presented on the use
31、 of superplasticizers h Australia, Canada, Japan, Shqapre, U.K., U.S.A. and Western Europe. performance of superplasticized concrete under freezing and thawing conditions bth in the laboratory and in the field is dismssed, ad the use of superplasticizers in the development of innovative concretes is
32、 described. The ASIN and Canadian specifications dealing with superplasticizers are discussBd, and the paper is concluded with a list of prkinent references. This review paper traces the developcent of Data are The Kevwordc: afimktur es; concretes; fiber-reinfored ancretes; fly ash; freeze-thaw dura
33、bility; perf orne; plasticizers; reviews; shotcrete; silica fume; Water-rduchg agents 1 COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling Services2 Malhotra AC1 Hon. Member V.M. Malhotra is Head, Concrete Technology Section, CA“, Energy, Mines and Resources Ca
34、nada, Ottawa, Canada. and reports in the area of concrete technology and supplementary cementing mterials. First and Second cANMET/ACI International Conferences on Superplasticizers in Concrete, held in Ottawa in 1978 and 1981. Dr. Malhotra has published numerous technical papers He was Chairman o t
35、he Historically, lignosulphonates have formed the basis o water-reducing admixtures in the U.S.A. and elsewhere, since the early 1940s. However, research in the early 1960s in Japan and Gemy led to the development of superplasticizers (high-range water-reducing admixtures). co-workers (i) pioneered
36、the developent of formaldehyde condensates of beta-naphthalene sulfonates with the primry aim of significantly reducing the water demand of concrete admixtures in order to produce high-strength concrete. Water reductions of up to 30 per cent were achieved with the use of one type of superplasticizer
37、. into the Japese market in 1964 and since then, it has ned considerable acceptance in the concrete industsy. In Germany, Aignesberger and his colleagues (2) developxi the melamine uLe was introduced The first known use of superplasticizers in North America The First and Second CANMET/ACI Internatio
38、nal Conferences This pper gives a global review of the use of superplasticizers in concrete. The performance of superplasticized concrete in a freezing and thawing environment, and the role of superplasticizers in the developent of innovative concretes is given special aphasic , because other proper
39、ties of fresh and hardened concrete are adequately discussed in various publications (4,5). COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling Services1989 Ottawa Conference 3 Superplasticizers my be classified into the following f om categories : 1. Sulphonate
40、d melamine-formaldehyde condensate 2. Sulphonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate 3, Modified lignosulphonates 4. Other superplasticizers such as sulphonic-acid esters, carbhydrate esters, etc. Significant variations exist in each of the above four categories. vary from less than 100 to 100,000
41、(6). The molecular weight of the superplasticizers my It is generally agreed that the action SB superplasticizers is primarily clue to their being adsorbed on cement: pzticles and exerting an electrostatic repulsion. results in the dissociation of the cement agglomerates into primary particles with
42、a significant decrease in the viscosity of the cement/water/superplasticizer system. Superplasticizers my also contribute to the decrease in the surface tension of water and to producing lubricating fih at particle surfaces (7). An in-depth study of the rheology, adsorption, hydration and zeta poten
43、tial characteristics of cement paste and mrtars provides a better understanding of the role of superplasticizers in cementitious systans (6). This Considerable ata have been published on the properties of fresh and hardened superplasticized concrete (4,5,8) and a detailed discussion is beyond the sc
44、ope of this paper. However, some significant properties of fresh and hardened superplasticized concrete are described blow. E+roPe AS?M C 494 and C 1017 deal with the use of superplasticizers in water-reduced and flowing concretes, respectively. these specifications have requirements or minimum dura
45、bility factors; the Canadian specification goes further and even reccgnizes the fact that with air-entr-ghed superplasticized concretes, the bubble spacing factor (L) can exceed 0.20 m, a limit which is ordinarily specified for AC1 Special Publication SP-62, 1979, pp. 37-66. 2. Aignesberger, A. and
46、Kern, A. , “Use of Melamine-Based Suprplasticizer as a Water Reducer“, AC1 Special Publication SP-68, 1981, pp. 61-80. 3. Holbek, K. and Skrastins , J. I. , “Some Experience With the Use of Superplasticizers in the Recast Concrete Industry in Canada“, AC1 Special Publication SP-62, 1981, pp. 87-100.
47、 (Editor: V.M. Malhotra). 4. Malhotra, V.M. (Editor) , “Superplasticizers in Concrete“; AC1 Special Publication SP-62, 1979, 426 pp. 5. Malhotra, V.M. (Editor), “Developments in the Use of Superplasticizers“; AC1 Special Publication SP-68, 1981, 559 pp. 6. Ramachandran, V.S. and Malhotra, V.M. , “Su
48、perplasticizers“; Chapter 4 in Concrete AclmWures Handbmk, 1981, pp. 211-264. (Editor: V.S. Rarwichandran). GzxwI“; AC1 Spcial wiblkation SP-62, 1979, pp. 21-36. 7. Meyer, A. , “Experiences in the Use of Superplasticizers 8. Malhotra, V.M., “Superplasticizers: Their Effect on Fresh and Hardened Conc
49、rete“; AC1 Concrete International, Vol. 3, NO. 5, May 1981, p. 66-81. 9. mlhotra, V.M., “Effect of Repeated Bocages of Superplasticizers on Workability, Strength and Durability of Concrete“; cANME1c Division Report MRP/MSL 78-40 (OP AC1 Special Publication SP-62, 1979, 157- 166 p?. (Editor: V.M. Malhotra). COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling Services12 Malhotra 11. Mabhotra, V.M. , “Mechanicab Properties and Freeahg and Thawing Resistance of Non Air-Entrained, Air-Entraind, and Air-Entrained Super
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