AASHTO M 181-2010 Standard Specification for Chain-Link Fence.pdf

1、Standard Specification for Chain-Link Fence AASHTO Designation: M 181-10 (2015) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4d M 181-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Chain-Link Fence AASHTO Designation: M 181

2、-10 (2015) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers materials used in the construction of fences and gates that comprise (a) chain-link fence fabric and (b) posts, rails, ties, bands, bars, rods and other fittings, and hardware designed to support the fabric in a vertical, taut position. 1.2. The val

3、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 111M/M 111, Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products M 232M/M 232, Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware T 65M/T 65, Mass Weight of Coating on Iron and Steel A

4、rticles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings T 213M/T 213, Mass Weight of Coating on Aluminum-Coated Iron or Steel Articles Guide Specifications for Highway Construction 2.2. ASTM Standards: B6, Standard Specification for Zinc B26/B26M, Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings B85/B85M, S

5、tandard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Die Castings B108/B108M, Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent Mold Castings B117, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus B209, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate B211, Standard Specificati

6、on for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire B221, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes B429/B429M, Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Structural Pipe and Tube B750, Standard Specificati

7、on for GALFAN (Zinc-5% Aluminum-Mischmetal) Alloy in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip Coatings D1535, Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System D1729, Standard Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials D2247, Standard Practice fo

8、r Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative Humidity E8/E8M, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 181-2 AASH

9、TO E376, Standard Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Testing Methods F467, Standard Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General Use F468, Standard Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, Socket Head Cap Screws, and Studs for Gen

10、eral Use F668, Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Other Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric F1043, Standard Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings on Steel Industrial Fence Framework F1083, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coat

11、ed (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence Structures F1664, Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Other Conforming Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Tension Wire Used with Chain-Link Fence G152, Standard Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic

12、Materials G155, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of NonMetallic Materials 2.3. ANSI Standard: H35.2, Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Products 3. CLASSIFICATION 3.1. Chain-link fabric, posts, rails, ties, bands, bars, rods and other fittings, and hardwar

13、e covered by this specification shall be composed of the following types of material, as specified: Type IZinc-coated steel, Type IIAluminum-coated steel, Type IIIAluminum alloy, and Type IVPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and other organic polymer-coated steel. 3.1.1. Zinc-5 percent aluminum-mischmetal all

14、oy meeting the requirements of ASTM B750 may be substituted for zinc coating (hot-dipped) at the application rate specified herein for hot-dip zinc coating. 3.2. Metallic-coated steel posts, rails, or gate frames are furnished in two grades as follows: 3.2.1. Grade 1Steel posts, rails, or gate frame

15、s may be round or other shapes and shall have a hot-dip zinc interior and exterior coating meeting the requirements of ASTM F1083 and shall have a hot-dip zinc interior and exterior coating as prescribed in this specification. 3.2.2. Grade 2Steel posts, rails, or gate frames shall be round pipe or t

16、ubing manufactured by electric resistance welding and shall have an exterior coating of hot-dip zinc plus an organic topcoat and a zinc-rich or hot-dip zinc interior coating conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043 Group IC. 3.3. Type IV fabric is furnished in two classes of coating as follows:

17、3.3.1. Class AFabric with polymer-coated wire made by coating the wire with zinc by either the hot-dip or electrolytic process, prior to the wire being coated with either an extruded polymer coating or an extruded and bonded polymer coating. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Tran

18、sportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 181-3 AASHTO 3.3.2. Class BFabric with bonded polymer-coated wire shall be made with wire coated with zinc by the hot-dip or electrolytic process, prior to having a polymer coating thermally fused and bond

19、ed to a primer that has been thermally cured onto the zinc-coated wire. 3.4. Type I fabric is furnished in two classes of coating as follows: 3.4.1. Class CFabric has a specified coating mass of 366 g/m2(1.2 oz/ft2), and 3.4.2. Class DFabric has a specified coating mass of 610 g/m2(2.0 oz/ft2). 3.5.

20、 Type I tension wire is furnished in three classes as follows: 3.5.1. Class 1Wire has a minimum coating mass of 244 g/m2(0.8 oz/ft2), 3.5.2. Class 2Wire has a minimum coating mass of 366 g/m2(1.2 oz/ft2), and 3.5.3. Class 3Wire has a minimum coating mass of 610 g/m2(2.0 oz/ft2). 3.6. The type of fab

21、ric and type of framework need not be the same. 4. TERMINOLOGY 4.1. Unless the context clearly indicates another meaning, the terms used herein shall have the meaning as defined in Section 101, Definitions and Terms, Guide Specifications for Highway Construction, AASHTO (1998) or as amended. 4.2. ch

22、ain-link fence fabrica fencing material made from wire helically wound and interwoven in such a manner as to provide a continuous mesh without knots or ties except in the form of knuckling or of twisting to form the selvage of the fabric. 4.3. knucklingthe selvage obtained by interlocking adjacent p

23、airs of wire ends and bending the wire back into a loop. 4.4. twistingthe type of selvage obtained by twisting adjacent pairs of wire ends together in a close helix of 1.5 machine turns, which is the equivalent to three full twists, and cutting the wire end at an angle. The wire ends beyond the twis

24、t shall be at least 6.4 mm (1/4in.) long. 5. ORDERING INFORMATION 5.1. Orders for chain-link fence fabric purchased to this specification shall include the following information: 5.1.1. Quantity of fabric (Section 17); 5.1.2. Number of gates; 5.1.3. Type (Section 3) and, if applicable, grade or clas

25、s; 5.1.4. Size of mesh; 5.1.5. Size of wire; 5.1.6. Height of fabric; 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 181-4 AASHTO 5.1.7. Diamond count, if specified; 5.1.8. Type of selvage, if n

26、onstandard; 5.1.9. For Type IV fabric, the class of polymer coating, and for Class A fabric whether an extruded coating or an extruded and bonded coating is required; 5.1.10. Color, if applicable; 5.1.11. Type and class of tension wire; 5.1.12. Type, grade, size, shape, and number of or spacing of p

27、osts, rails, rods, and other fittings; 5.1.13. Certification, if required; 5.1.14. AASHTO Designation and date of issue; and 5.1.15. Exceptions to this specification, or special requirements, if any. Note 1These details may be covered, in whole or in part, by accompanying the order with design drawi

28、ngs and notations thereon. CHAIN-LINK FENCE FABRIC 6. MATERIALS (FABRIC) 6.1. Base metal for Type I, II, and IV chain-link fence fabric shall be steel of such quality and purity that, when drawn to the size of wire specified and coated as specified, the finished fabric shall be of uniform quality an

29、d have the properties and characteristics as prescribed in this specification. 6.2. Wire used for the manufacture of fabric that is zinc-coated, aluminum-coated, or polymer-coated before weaving shall meet the requirements of this specification and shall be capable of being woven into fabric without

30、 the coating cracking, flaking, or peeling to such an extent that any of the coating material can be removed by rubbing with the bare fingers. Note 2Loosening or detachment during the adhesion test of superficial, small particles of zinc, aluminum, or polymer formed by mechanical polishing of the su

31、rface of the coated wire should not be considered cause for rejection. 6.3. Zinc used for hot-dip galvanized or electrolytically zinc-plated coatings shall be of any grade of zinc conforming to the requirements of ASTM B6. 6.4. Ingot or pig aluminum used for coating shall conform to the following im

32、purity limits: Copper, max, percent 0.10 Iron, max, percent 0.50 6.5. Polymer coatings shall be formulated to conform to the requirements of this specification. These coatings shall be either ultraviolet resistant, or shall contain a UV inhibitor. 6.6. Type III chain-link fence fabric shall be made

33、of aluminum-alloy wire meeting the requirements of ASTM B211, alloy 6061-T89 or T94. The finished fabric shall be of uniform quality and have the properties and characteristics as prescribed in this specification. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rig

34、hts reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 181-5 AASHTO 7. MANUFACTURE (FABRIC) 7.1. Wire used for zinc-coated chain-link fence may be coated before or after weaving into fabric. Fabric that is zinc-coated after weaving shall be hot-dip galvanized in a continuous process and

35、the coating shall not be applied to the fabric in roll form. Wire that is zinc-coated before weaving into fabric may be either electrolytically zinc-plated or hot-dip galvanized. 7.2. Wire used for aluminum-coated steel chain-link fabric shall be coated before weaving into fabric. 7.3. Wire used for

36、 polymer-coated chain-link fence shall be coated before weaving into fabric. 8. WEAVE (FABRIC) 8.1. The wire shall be woven throughout in the form of approximately uniform square mesh, having parallel sides and horizontal and vertical diagonals of approximately uniform dimensions. The top and bottom

37、 of the fabric shall be knuckled or twisted as specified in Section 13. 8.2. A typical diamond count for each standard height is shown in Tables 1 and 2. Other diamond counts are permissible provided they are consistent within a lot. The purchaser has the option to specify the diamond count in the o

38、rder, Section 5.1.7. Table 1Typical Diamond Counts (mm) Specified Diameter of Types I, II, and III Coated Wire and Type IVs Metallic-Coated Core Wire, mm Mesh Size, mm Diamond Count Fabric Height, mma914.4 1066.8 1219.2 1524 1828.8 2133.6 2438.4 2743.2 3048 3657.6 4.88 50.8 266.7 317.5 342.9 444.5 5

39、20.7 622.3 698.5 800.1 876.3 1054.1 3.76 50.8 266.7 317.5 342.9 444.5 520.7 622.3 698.5 800.1 876.3 1054.1 3.05 50.8 266.7 317.5 342.9 444.5 520.7 622.3 3.05 44.4 800.1 901.7 1003.3 1206.5 aDiamond count not available for 25.4-mm mesh size. Table 2Typical Diamond Counts (in.) Specified Diameter of T

40、ypes I, II, and III Coated Wire and Type IVs Metallic-Coated Core Wire, in. Mesh Size, in. Diamond Count Fabric Height, in.a36 42 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 144 0.192 2 101/2121/2131/2171/2201/2241/2271/2311/2341/2411/20.148 2 101/2121/2131/2171/2201/2241/2271/2311/2341/2411/20.120 2 101/2121/2131/2171/

41、2201/2241/2 0.120 13/4 311/2351/2391/2471/2aDiamond count not available for 1-in. mesh size. 9. SIZE OF MESH (FABRIC) 9.1. The size of mesh shall be as indicated in Tables 3 and 4. The permissible variation from the specified size of mesh shall be 3.2 mm (1/8in.). 2015 by the American Association of

42、 State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 181-6 AASHTO Table 3Size of Wire and Mesh (mm) Specified Diameter of Types I, II, and III Coated Wire and Type IVs Metallic-Coated Core Wire Size of Mesh, mm Height of Fabric, mm mm

43、Gauge 4.88 6 50.8 914.4, 1066.8, 1219.2, 1524, 1828.8, 2133.6, 2438.4, 2743.2, 3048, 3657.6 3.76 9 50.8 914.4, 1066.8, 1219.2, 1524, 1828.8, 2133.6, 2438.4, 2743.2, 3048, 3657.6 3.05 11 50.8 914.4, 1066.8, 1219.2, 1524, 1828.8, 2133.6 3.05 11 44.4 2438.4, 2743.2, 3048, 3657.6 3.76 9 25.4 914.4, 1066

44、.8, 1219.2, 1524, 1828.8, 2133.6 3.05 11 25.4 914.4, 1066.8, 1219.2, 1524, 1828.8, 2133.6 Table 4Size of Wire and Mesh (in.) Specified Diameter of Types I, II, and III Coated Wire and Type IVs Metallic-Coated Core Wire Size of Mesh, in. Height of Fabric, in. in. Gauge 0.192 6 2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 8

45、4, 96, 108, 120, 144 0.148 9 2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144 0.120 11 2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84 0.120 11 13/496, 108, 120, 144 0.148 9 1 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84 0.120 11 1 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84 9.2. The size of mesh shall be determined by measuring the minimum clear distance between the w

46、ires forming the parallel sides of the mesh. 10. BREAKING STRENGTH (FABRIC) 10.1. Wire constituting the fabric shall meet the minimum breaking strength shown in Tables 5 and 6 when tested in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M. Specimens to establish conformance to this requirement shall be individual picke

47、ts from a section of the fence fabric, sampled in accordance with Section 18. The specimens shall be of sufficient length so as to be firmly gripped in the testing machine after straightening. The actual gauge length (distance between jaws) of the specimen shall be limited to the undeformed length o

48、f wire between the two adjacent straightened bends. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 181-7 AASHTO Table 5Breaking Loads (mm and kN) Specified Diameter of Types I, II, and III Coate

49、d Wire and Type IVs Metallic-Coated Core Wire Breaking Loads Type I or II, kN Type III, kN Type IVa Core Wire, kN mm Gauge 4.88 6 9.650 6.940 9.655 3.76 9 5.740 4.135 5.740 3.05 11 3.780 2.715 3.780 aPolymer coating may be mechanically removed prior to testing, if desired. Table 6Breaking Loads (in. and lbf) Specified Diameter of Types I, II, and III Coated Wire and Type IVs Metallic-Coated Core Wire Breaking Loads Type I or II, lbf Type