AASHTO M 327-2011 Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements.pdf

1、TS-3a M 327-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements AASHTO Designation: M 327-11 ASTM Designation: C 465-10 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether an organic or inorganic

2、processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in M 85 and M 240M/M 240 as well as ASTM C 1157/C 1157M and C 845. The materials listed in the following former AA

3、SHTO and ASTM specifications shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification: M 85-57 I, for Portland Cement ASTM C 205-58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement ASTM C 340-58 T, for Portland-Pozzolan Cement ASTM C 358-58, for Slag Cement 1.2. Th

4、e following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health

5、 practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 6, Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 80, Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 85, Portland Cement M 85-57 I, for Portland Cement M 240M/M 240,

6、Blended Hydraulic Cement R 39, Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory T 22, Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens T 97, Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) T 98, Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter T 105, Chemic

7、al Analysis of Hydraulic Cement T 106M/T 106, Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in. Cube Specimens) T 107M/T 107, Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement T 119M/T 119, Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete T 121M/T 121, Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Grav

8、imetric) of Concrete 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-2 AASHTO T 129, Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste T 131, Time of Setting of Hydrau

9、lic Cement by Vicat Needle T 137, Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar T 152, Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method T 153, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus T 177, Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading) T 196M/T 1

10、96, Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method T 231, Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens 2.2. ASTM Standards: C 205-58 T, Specification for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement C 226, Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraini

11、ng Hydraulic Cement C 340-58 T, Specification for Portland-Pozzolan Cement C 358-58, Specification for Slag Cement C 596, Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement C 845/C 845M, Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement C 1157/C 1157M, Standard Perfo

12、rmance Specification for Hydraulic Cement D 891, Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals E 203, Standard Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration 3. MATERIALS 3.1. Cements: 3.1.1. In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic

13、 processing addition be accepted for general use in portland cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers. As a minimum, these clinkers shall represent two Type I cements containing not less than 9.0 percent C3A, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements,

14、all conforming to M 85. 3.1.2. In cases where it is also desired that the proposed organic processing addition be used in blended cements, the test and test procedures shall be as specified with a control and an addition for cement conforming to the appropriate specification, M 240M/M 240 or ASTM C

15、1157/C 1157M. 3.1.3. Organic processing additions that have been shown to meet the requirements of this specification may also be used in cements conforming to ASTM C 845/C 845M. Testing of the addition with these special cements, where desired, shall be done using the tests and test procedures as s

16、pecified with a control cement and a cement containing the addition, both conforming to ASTM C 845/C 845M. 3.1.4. In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be limited in use to specific types of cement less in number than required in Section 3.1.1, the tests and test

17、 procedures shall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall be prepared from two clinkers from different plants for each type under specific consideration. 3.1.5. For inorganic processing additions, or in cases where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be limite

18、d in use to a single plant, the tests and test procedures shall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall be prepared from clinkers representing each type under specific consideration. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. D

19、uplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-3 AASHTO 3.1.6. The two companion cements to be made from any one clinker shall be ground to the same fineness within 7 m2/kg when tested in accordance with T 98, or within 13 m2/kg when tested in accordance with T 153, and the SO3content, expr

20、essed as a percentage of the cement mass and reported to the nearest 0.01 percent, shall differ by not more than 0.3, so as to afford comparable samples for indicating the effect of the addition on the cement. Each control cement shall comply with all requirements in the specification applicable to

21、that type of cement and shall not contain the proposed addition when tested by the method furnished by the producer or seller of the addition. 3.1.7. The percentage of each of the following shall be determined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxid

22、e (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassium oxide (K2O). There shall also be calculated the potential percentages of the following compounds: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium alu

23、minate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of the addition shall be made, both on the control cements and on those with which the addition was interground, using the method proposed therefore by the sponsor. 3.2. AggregatesThe fine and coarse aggregates shall comply w

24、ith M 6 and M 80; the coarse aggregate shall comply with the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67. A sufficient quantity from a single lot of coarse aggregate and from a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided to complete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizes

25、in the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all tests shall either (1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm (No. 16), 300-m (No. 50), and 150-m (No. 100) sieves and then be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or (2) be blended while in a damp condition and main

26、tained in that condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2), lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batches shall be carefully split or quartered from the entire batch. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1. Processing additions shall conform to the respective requirements in thi

27、s specification. 4.2. The trade name, source, character of the material, and means for the quantitative determination of the addition in the finished cement shall be furnished by the sponsor, manufacturer, or supplier of the addition, and the information shall form a part of the record of tests of t

28、he addition. If the processing addition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent water content shall also be part of the record. If the processing addition is an inorganic solid, the allowable ranges of chemical analysis of the addition shall also be part of the record. 4.2.1. The specific grav

29、ity, run in accordance with Section 7.1.1, shall be within 0.05 units of the value reported in Section 4.2. 4.2.2. The chemical analysis in Section 7.2.1 shall be within the ranges given in Section 4.2. 4.3. Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to othe

30、rwise identical cements from the same source without the addition, or containing one processing addition that has been shown to comply with this specification using control cements without any additions, hereinafter designated the “control” cement. 4.4. The amount of the processing addition to be in

31、terground with the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined by the sponsor of the addition. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-4 AASHTO 4.4.1. The amount of the additio

32、n in the cement containing the addition and showing compliance with the requirements of this specification shall be determined quantitatively by means of the quantitative determination required by Section 4.2. 4.4.2. The amount of addition, so determined, shall be used to state the amount of additio

33、n that shows compliance with this specification. 4.4.3. When tests on cements containing the addition show compliance with the requirements of this specification, the addition in cement may be used in any amount up to the maximum amount showing compliance. 4.5. The cement produced for evaluation pur

34、poses with the processing addition shall comply with the appropriate specifications M 85 or M 240M/M 240 and ASTM C 845/C 845M or C 1157/C 1157M, except that it contains the addition under test. The effect of the addition on the properties of the cement shall also be within the following limits: 4.5

35、.1. The percentage of water by mass of cement required for normal consistency of cement containing the addition shall not exceed that required by the corresponding control cement by more than 1.0 percent. For those cements not limited to a fixed water requirement, the percentage of water by mass of

36、cement required for standard consistency of the mortar used for strength determinations as described in Section 4.5.4 shall not be increased by more than 2.0 percent by the addition over that required for the control cement. 4.5.2. The time of setting of cement containing the addition shall not vary

37、 from the time of setting of the corresponding control cement by more than 1 h or 50 percent, whichever is the lesser. 4.5.3. The autoclave expansion of cement containing the addition, expressed as a percentage change in length, shall not be more than 0.10 percent greater than that of the correspond

38、ing control cement. 4.5.4. The compressive strength of mortar cubes made with cement containing the addition, in accordance with T 106M/T 106, and tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days for all types, shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand average of the

39、se individual strength percentages shall not be less than 95 percent of the control cement values. It is required that cubes for companion cements be made and tested on the same days, with storage of specimens side by side in the same section of the moist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retes

40、ting of companion cements on the same, or a following, day is required in order to provide six, rather than three, test specimens for each cement and age of test. 4.5.5. The ultimate drying shrinkage of mortar made with cement containing the addition shall not be more than 0.025 percent greater than

41、 that of similar mortar made with the corresponding control cement when tested in accordance with ASTM C 596. 4.5.6. The compressive strength of the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand average

42、of these individual strength percentages shall not be less than 90 percent of the values for the control cement. 4.5.7. The flexural strength of concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand average of t

43、hese individual strength percentages shall not be less than 90 percent of the values for the control cement. 4.5.8. The amount of air-entraining addition required to produce 19 3 percent air in the mortar test made in accordance with T 137, with the cement containing the addition under test, shall n

44、ot be greater than 120 percent of the amount required to produce, within 1 percent, the air content 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-5 AASHTO obtained with the control cement.

45、The air-entraining addition used shall meet the requirements of ASTM C 226. 4.6. Processing additions that provide maximum effects as grinding aids or pack set inhibitors may increase cement flowability to a point where mill retention time is reduced sufficiently to affect significantly the particle

46、 size distribution of the resulting cement and its physical-chemical properties. Mill retention times are controllable by mechanical means in full-scale grinding mills. Hence, the true physical-chemical effects of the test additive may be determined for acceptance purposes by making supplementary la

47、boratory or pilot-mill grinds in instances where full-scale tests have shown mill retention time reductions to have significant effects on the properties of the resulting cement. 4.7. In the event that the effect of the addition on the properties of cement are determined on the basis of laboratory o

48、r pilot mill grinds, this fact shall be entered in the report specified in Section 13, and the specific tests shall be indicated. 5. SAMPLING CEMENT 5.1. Samples of the plant-ground cement shall be taken from the product stream during grinding. Prior to the start of sampling a given lot of cement, t

49、he mill shall have run for 4 h or long enough to have reached equilibrium under the general conditions that are to govern during the sampling period. Note 1Records should be kept as to the rate and continuity of feed of the addition, the form in which the addition is used, strength of solution (if applicable), magnitude of circulating loads, mill discharge temperature, and feed rate of clinker and gypsum. Product fineness should be determined during the grinding immediately subsequent to sampling. 5.2. As the