AASHTO M 85-2017 Standard Specification for Portland Cement.pdf

1、Standard Specification for Portland Cement AASHTO Designation: M 85-17 Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April 2017) ASTM Designation: C150/C150M-17 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington

2、, D.C. 20001 TS-3a M 85-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Portland Cement AASHTO Designation: M 85-17 Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April 2017) ASTM Designation: C150/C150M-17 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers ten types of portland cement as follows (see

3、Note 1): 1.1.1. Type IFor use when the special properties specified for any other type are not required; 1.1.2. Type IAAir-entraining cement for the same uses as Type I, where air entrainment is desired; 1.1.3. Type IIFor general use, more especially when moderate sulfate resistance is desired; 1.1.

4、4. Type IIAAir-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II, where air entrainment is desired; 1.1.5. Type II(MH)For general use, more especially when moderate heat of hydration and moderate sulfate resistance are desired. 1.1.6. Type II(MH)AAir-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II(MH),

5、where air entrainment is desired. 1.1.7. Type IIIFor use when high early strength is desired; 1.1.8. Type IIIAAir-entraining cement for the same use as Type III, where air entrainment is desired; 1.1.9. Type IVFor use when low heat of hydration is desired; and 1.1.10. Type VFor use when high sulfate

6、 resistance is desired. Note 1Some cements are designated with a combined type classification, such as Type I/II, indicating that the cement meets the requirements of the indicated types and is being offered as suitable for use when either type is desired. 1.2. When both SI and inch-pound units are

7、present, the SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units are approximations listed for information only. 1.3. The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as r

8、equirements of the standard. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 85-2 AASHTO 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 327, Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of H

9、ydraulic Cements R 71, Sampling and Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement T 98M/T 98, Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter T 105, Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement T 106M/T 106, Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in. Cube Specimens) T 107M/T 107, Autocla

10、ve Expansion of Hydraulic Cement T 131, Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle T 137, Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar T 153, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus T 154, Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles T 186, Early Stiffening of

11、Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method) 2.2. ASTM Standards: C33/C33M, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates C51, Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry) C186, Standard Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement C226, Standard Specification for Air-E

12、ntraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement C452/C452M, Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate C563, Standard Test Method for Approximation of Optimum SO3in Hydraulic Cement Using Compressive Strength C1038/C10

13、38M, Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water C1702, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry E29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Det

14、ermine Conformance with Specifications 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. portland cementa hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, and usually containing one or more of the following: water, calcium sulfate, up to 5 percent limest

15、one, and processing additions. 3.1.2. air-entraining portland cementa portland cement containing an interground air-entraining addition. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 85-3 AASHT

16、O 3.1.3. hydraulic cementa cement that sets and hardens by chemical interaction with water and is capable of doing so under water. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. Orders for material under this specification shall include the following: 4.1.1. This specification number and date; 4.1.2. Type or types al

17、lowable. If no type is specified, Type I shall be supplied; 4.1.3. Any optional chemical requirements from Table 2, if desired; and 4.1.4. Any optional physical requirements from Table 4, if desired. Note 2Cement conforming to the requirements for all types is not carried in stock in some areas. In

18、advance of specifying the use of other than Type I cement, determine whether the proposed type of cement is, or can be made, available. 5. INGREDIENTS 5.1. The cement covered by this specification shall contain no ingredients except as follows: 5.1.1. Portland Cement Clinker. 5.1.2. Water or Calcium

19、 Sulfate or BothThe amounts shall be such that the limits shown in Table 1 for sulfur trioxide and loss on ignition shall not be exceeded. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 85-4 AAS

20、HTO Table 1Standard Chemical RequirementsaCement Type Applicable Test Method I and IA II and IIA II(MH) and II(MH)A III and IIIA IV V Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), max, % T 105 6.0 6.0 Ferric oxide (Fe2O3), max, % T 105 6.0c6.0b, c 6.5 Magnesium oxide (MgO), max, % T 105 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Sulfur tri

21、oxide (SO3),dmax, % T 105 When (C3A)eis 8% or less 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.3 2.3 When (C3A)eis more than 8% 3.5 f f4.5 f f Loss on ignition, max, % T 105 When limestone is not an ingredient 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 When limestone is an ingredient 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Insoluble residue, max, % T 105 1.5

22、1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Tricalcium silicate (C3S),emax, % See Annex A 35b Dicalcium silicate (C2S),emin, % See Annex A 40b Tricalcium aluminate (C3A),emax, % See Annex A 8 8 15 7b 5c Sum of C3S + 4.75C3A, max, %g 100b, h Tetracalcium aluminoferrite plus twice the tricalcium aluminate (C4AF + 2(C3A), or

23、solid solution (C4AF + C2F), as applicable, max, % See Annex A 25c a See Note 2.b Does not apply when the heat of hydration limit in Table 4 is specified. c Does not apply when the sulfate resistance limit in Table 4 is specified. d It is permissible to exceed the values in the table for SO3 content

24、, provided it has been demonstrated by ASTM C1038/C1038M that the cement with the increased SO3 will not develop expansion exceeding 0.020 percent at 14 days. When the manufacturer supplies cement under this provision, supporting data shall be supplied to the purchaser. See Note 6. e See Annex A for

25、 calculation. f Not applicable. g See Note 5. h In addition, 3-day heat of hydration testing by ASTM C1702 shall be conducted at least once every 6 months. Such testing shall not be used for acceptance or rejection of the cement, but results shall be reported for informational purposes. 5.1.3. Limes

26、toneThe amount shall be not more than 5.0 percent by mass such that the chemical and physical requirements of this standard are met (see Note 3). The limestone, defined in ASTM C51, shall be naturally occurring and consist of at least 70 percent by mass of one or more of the mineral forms of calcium

27、 carbonate. If limestone is used, the manufacturer shall report the amount used, expressed as a percentage of cement mass, as determined using Annex B, along with the oxide composition of the limestone. Note 3This standard permits portland cement to contain limestone, but does not require that limes

28、tone be an ingredient in the cement. Cement without ground limestone can be specified in the contract or order. 5.1.4. Inorganic Processing AdditionsThe amount shall not be more than 5.0 percent by mass of cement. Not more than one inorganic processing addition shall be used at a time. For amounts g

29、reater than 1.0 percent, they shall have been shown to meet the requirements of M 327 for inorganic processing additions in the amount used or greater. If an inorganic processing addition is used, the manufacturer shall report the amount used, expressed as a percentage of cement mass, along with the

30、 oxide composition of the processing addition (see Note 4). Note 4These requirements are based on data and recommendations by Taylor.1 5.1.5. Organic Processing AdditionsThese additions shall have been shown to meet the requirements of M 327 in the amounts used or greater, and the total amount of or

31、ganic processing additions used shall not exceed 1.0 percent of the weight of portland cement clinker. 5.1.6. Air-Entraining Addition (for Air-Entraining Portland Cement Only)The interground addition shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C226. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway an

32、d Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 85-5 AASHTO 6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 6.1. Portland cement of each of the ten types shown in Section 1 shall conform to the respective standard chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1. In addition,

33、 optional chemical requirements are shown in Table 2. Note 5The limit on the sum, C3S + 4.75C3A, in Table 1 provides control on the heat of hydration of the cement and is consistent with an ASTM C186 7-day heat of hydration limit of 335 kJ/kg (80 cal/g) or an ASTM C1702 3-day heat of hydration limit

34、 of 315 kJ/kg (75 cal/g). Note 6There are cases where performance of a cement is improved with SO3in excess of the Table 1 limits in this specification. ASTM C563 is one of several methods a manufacturer can use to evaluate the effect of sulfate content on cement characteristics. Whenever SO3content

35、 of a cement exceeds Table 1 limits, ASTM C1038/C1038M results provide evidence that excessive expansion does not occur at this higher sulfate content. Table 2Optional Chemical RequirementsaCement Type Applicable Test Method I and IA II and IIA II(MH) and II(MH)A III and IIIA IV V Remarks Tricalcium

36、 aluminate (C3A),b max, % See Annex A 8 For moderate sulfate resistance Tricalcium aluminate (C3A),b max, % See Annex A 5 For high sulfate resistance Equivalent alkalies (Na2O + 0.658K2O), max, % T 105 0.60c0.60c0.60c0.60c0.60c0.60cLow-alkali cement a These optional requirements apply only if specif

37、ically requested. Availability should be verified. See Note 2. b See Annex A for calculation. c Specify this limit when the cement is to be used in concrete with aggregates that are potentially reactive and no other provisions have been made to protect the concrete from deleteriously reactive aggreg

38、ates. Refer to ASTM C33/C33M for information on potential reactivity of aggregates. 7. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 7.1. Portland cement of each of the ten types shown in Section 1 shall conform to the respective standard physical requirements prescribed in Table 3. In addition, optional physical requirement

39、s are shown in Table 4. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 85-6 AASHTO Table 3Standard Physical Requirements Cement TypeaApplicable Test Method I IA II IIA II(MH) II(MH)A III IIIA IV

40、 V Air content of mortar, volume, %bT 137 Maximum 12 22 12 22 12 22 12 22 12 12 Minimum 16 16 16 16 Fineness, specific surface, m2/kg Air permeability test: T 153 Minimum 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 Maximum 430c430c 430 Autoclave expansion, Max, % T 107M/T 107 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

41、0.80 0.80 0.80 Strength, not less than value shown for ages indicated belowd: Compressive strength, MPa (psi) T 106M/ T 106 1 day 12.0 (1740) 10.0 (1450) 3 days 12.0 (1740) 10.0 (1450) 10.0 (1450) 8.0 (1160) 10.0 (1450) 7.0e (1020)e8.0 (1160) 6.0e(870)e24.0 (3480) 19.0 (2760) 8.0 (1160) 7 days 19.0

42、(2760) 16.0 (2320) 17.0 (2470) 14.0 (2030) 17.0 (2470) 12.0e (1740)e14.0 (2030) 9.0e (1310)e 7.0 (1020) 15.0 (2180) 28 days 17.0 (2470) 21.0 (3050) Time of setting, minutes (alternative methods): fGillmore test: T 154 Initial set, minutes, not less than 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Final set, minut

43、es, not more than 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 Vicat test:gT 131 Time of setting, minutes, not less than 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 Time of setting, minutes, not more than 375 375 375 375 375 375 375 375 375 375 a See Note 2. b Compliance with the requirements of this specification doe

44、s not necessarily ensure that the desired air content will be obtained in concrete. c Maximum fineness limits do not apply if the sum of C3S + 4.75C3A is less than or equal to 90. d The strength at any specified test age shall be not less than that attained at any previous specified test age. e When

45、 the optional heat of hydration in Table 4 is specified. f The purchaser should specify the type of setting-time test required. In case he does not so specify, the requirements of the Vicat test only shall govern. g The time of setting is that described as initial setting time in T 131. 2017 by the

46、American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 85-7 AASHTO Table 4Optional Physical RequirementsaCement Type Applicable Test Method I and II IA and IIA II(MH) II(MH)A III and IIIA IV V False set, final pene

47、tration, minutes, percent T 186 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Heat of hydration (alternate methods)b: Isothermal conduction calorimetry: ASTM C1702 3 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g) 255 (60)c255 (60)c 200 (50)d 7 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g) 225 (55)d Heat of solution: ASTM C186 7 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g) 290 (70)c290

48、(70)c 250 (60)d 28 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g) 290 (70)d Strength, not less than values shown: Compressive strength, MPa (psi), 28 days T 106M/ T 106 28.0 22.0 28.0 22.0 (4060) (3190) (4060) (3190) 22.0c18.0c (3190)c(2610)c Sulfate resistance, 14 days, max, % expansioneASTM C452/ C452M ffff 0.040 Turbidimeter test T 98M/T 98 Minimum 150 150 150 150 150 150 Max 245g245g 245 a These optional requirements apply only if specifically requested. Availability should be verified. See Note 2 in Section 4. b The method used shall be identified on all