AASHTO R 21-1996 Standard Practice for Drilling for Subsurface Investigations-Unexpectedly Encountering Suspected Hazardous Material《打钻以勘察路基非预期可疑危害材料的标准推荐规程》.pdf

1、Standard Practice for Drilling for Subsurface InvestigationsUnexpectedly Encountering Suspected Hazardous Material AASHTO Designation: R 21-96 (2015) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-5b R 21-1 AASHTO

2、Standard Practice for Drilling for Subsurface InvestigationsUnexpectedly Encountering Suspected Hazardous Material AASHTO Designation: R 21-96 (2015) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This practice is intended to help protect drillers in the event they unexpectedly encounter suspected hazardous materials while performi

3、ng subsurface investigations. This is accomplished by training the drillers, identifying precautions to minimize risks of contamination, and establishing a procedure to follow if suspected hazardous material is encountered.11.2. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipmen

4、t. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this procedure to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUME

5、NTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard and Publication: R 13, Conducting Geotechnical Subsurface Investigations Hazardous Waste Guide for Project Development 2.2. ASTM Standard: D420, Standard Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2012) 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE

6、3.1. There are three basic types of sites. One type is a known hazardous waste site. These sites contain hazardous waste and have been formally labeled. This includes all Superfund sites and CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. Section 9601

7、9657) sites. The second type is the nonhazardous site. These sites have no hazardous material at all. The third type, which is the subject of this practice, is one that contains unknown and unanticipated hazardous waste. This practice is intended to help drillers in situations in which they have no

8、advance warning that they will encounter hazardous material. 4. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 4.1. The first and most important step drillers must take in protecting themselves from contamination is identifying the presence of suspected hazardous material. Proper identification depends on awaren

9、ess and knowledge of what to look for. All drillers on staff should be trained on how to use 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5b R 21-2 AASHTO their senses and observe their surrounding

10、s for clues indicating the presence of hazardous or explosive material. 5. MINIMIZING CONTAMINATION RISK 5.1. Drillers shall take routine precautions to minimize the risk of contamination through proper protective gear, good work habits, and good hygiene. Contaminants enter the body through skin abs

11、orption, cuts in the skin, inhalation, ingestion, and skin penetration (radioactivity). 5.1.1. Proper ProtectionDrillers shall use skin protection (gloves, long-sleeved shirts) and work boots. 5.1.2. Work HabitsDrillers shall follow good work habits, including (1) avoiding skin contact with soil and

12、 drilling fluid, (2) minimizing the risk of inhaling contaminants by using drilling fluid, and (3) cleaning all equipment and tools before leaving the job site to avoid spreading contamination. (When mud and soil dry out, contaminants can become airborne.) 5.1.3. HygieneDrillers shall clean off boot

13、s, gloves, clothes, etc., before entering a vehicle to avoid spreading contamination beyond the job site and shall wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking, or making skin contact. 6. PROCEDURE 6.1. R 13 and ASTM D420 describe procedures that govern the investigation and site assessment process.

14、Drillers shall take the following precautions in addition to the precautions described in these standards if they encounter hazardous material. 6.1.1. Assess the RiskDetermine whether the risk is one of contamination or explosion. Natural gas and some petroleum byproducts are explosive in very high

15、concentrations. 6.1.2. ContaminationIf the risk is of contamination only, any driller not properly trained should cease drilling and leave the site. Drillers who have successfully completed a 40-hour course in Hazardous Materials Training shall secure the site, while avoiding skin contact, ingestion

16、, and inhalation. After securing the site, the responsible party shall make the necessary notifications. All contaminated material should be handled, contained, and disposed of according to current, established procedures. 6.1.3. ExplosionIf there is a risk of explosion, the drillers shall leave the

17、 site and let the hole vent. If the smell remains or gets stronger, the drillers shall use an explosion risk meter, if they are properly trained and certified (Note 1) to assess the actual risk of explosion. If the risk is significant, the drillers shall properly decommission the hole in accordance

18、with state regulations and proceed to the next location. Note 1Drillers must be trained and certified to use the explosion risk meter. The decision to proceed should be made by a responsible, qualified party, with input from the drillers. 7. KEYWORDS 7.1. Driller protection; hazardous material; subsurface exploration. 1AASHTO Hazardous Waste Guide for Project Development, February 1990. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.