ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:10 ,大小:103.23KB ,
资源ID:418075      下载积分:5000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-418075.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(AASHTO T 104-1999 Standard Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate《用硫酸钠或硫酸镁作集料的坚固性试验方法》.pdf)为本站会员(赵齐羽)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

AASHTO T 104-1999 Standard Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate《用硫酸钠或硫酸镁作集料的坚固性试验方法》.pdf

1、Standard Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate AASHTO Designation: T 104-99 (2011) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-1c T 104-1 AASHTO Standard Method

2、 of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate AASHTO Designation: T 104-99 (2011) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers the procedure to be followed in testing aggregates to determine their resistance to disintegration by saturated solutions of sodium sulfate or magnes

3、ium sulfate. This is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-im

4、mersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This test method furnishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates subject to weathering action, particularly when adequate information is not available from service records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditi

5、ons. Attention is called to the fact that test results by the use of the two salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing proper limits in any specifications that may include requirements for these tests. 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3. T

6、his standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine

7、the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials R 16, Regulatory Information for Chemicals Used in AASHTO Tests T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine

8、and Coarse Aggregates 2.2. ASTM Standards: C670, Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials E100, Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers 3. APPARATUS 3.1. SievesWith square openings of the following sizes conforming to M 92, for sie

9、ving the samples in accordance with Sections 5, 6, and 8: 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 104-2 AASHTO 4.75 mm (No. 4) 63 mm (21/2in.) 4.00 mm (No. 5) 50 mm (2 in.) 2.36 mm (No. 8

10、) 37.5 mm (11/2in.) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 31.5 mm (11/4in.) 600 m (No. 30) 25.0 mm (1 in.) 300 m (No. 50) 19.0 mm (3/4in.) 150 m (No. 100) 16.0 mm (5/8in.) 12.5 mm (1/2in.) 9.5 mm (3/8in.) 8.0 mm (5/16in.) 3.2. Containers for SamplesSieves 203.2 mm (8 in.) in diameter for each separate size fractions of

11、aggregate during test. Used, out-of-tolerance sieves according to M 92, in acceptable condition, may be used as containers (Note 1). 3.2.1. Coarse Aggregate2.36-mm (No. 8) Size. 3.2.2. Fine Aggregate250-m (No. 60) Size. Note 1Sieves 203.2 mm (8 in.) in diameter may be substituted with containers tha

12、t permit free access of solution to the sample and drainage of the solution from the sample without loss of aggregate. Substitution with such containers may affect results. Referee testing, comparison testing, or testing of aggregate to be used in critical applications must be performed using sieves

13、 203.2 mm (8 in.) in diameter. 3.3. Apparatus for Immersing Samples in Solution (optional)When necessary, apparatus for holding the sieves containing the sample for immersing into the solution shall be constructed in such a manner to permit free access of the solution to the sample and drainage of t

14、he solution from the sample. 3.4. Temperature RegulationSuitable means for regulating the temperature of the samples during immersion in the sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate solution shall be provided. 3.5. ThermometerA thermometer covering the recommended temperature range for solutions during t

15、est and readable to 0.1C (0.2F). 3.6. Temperature RecorderA unit capable of recording solution temperature a minimum of once every 10 min for the duration of the test with an accuracy of 0.3C (0.5F). 3.7. BalanceThe balance shall have sufficient capacity, be readable to 0.1 percent of the sample mas

16、s, or better, and conform to the requirements of M 231. 3.8. Drying OvenThe oven shall be capable of being heated continuously at 110 5C (230 9F) and the rate of evaporation, at this range of temperature, shall be at least 25 g/h for 4 h, during which period the doors of the oven shall be kept close

17、d. This rate shall be determined by the loss of water from 1-L Griffin low-form beakers, each initially containing 500 g of water at a temperature of 21 2C (70 3F), placed at each corner and the center of each shelf of the oven. The evaporation requirement is to apply to all test locations when the

18、oven is empty except for the beakers of water. 3.9. Specific Gravity MeasurementHydrometers conforming to the requirements of ASTM E100, or a suitable combination of graduated glassware and balance, capable of measuring the solution specific gravity within 0.001. 2015 by the American Association of

19、State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 104-3 AASHTO 4. SPECIAL SOLUTIONS REQUIRED 4.1. Prepare the solution for immersion of test samples from either sodium or magnesium sulfate in accordance with Section 4.1.1 or 4.1.2 (N

20、ote 2). The volume of the solution shall be at least five times the solid volume of all samples immersed at any one time. Note 2Some aggregates containing carbonates of calcium or magnesium are attacked chemically by fresh sulfate solution, resulting in erroneously high-measured losses. If this cond

21、ition is encountered or is suspected, repeat the test using a filtered solution that has been used previously to test the same type of carbonate rock, provided that the solution meets the requirements of Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 for specific gravity. 4.1.1. Sodium Sulfate SolutionPrepare a saturated

22、 solution of sodium sulfate by dissolving a reagent grade of the salt in water (Note 5) at a temperature of 25C (77F) minimum. Add sufficient salt (Note 3) of the anhydrous (Na2SO4) form to ensure not only saturation but also the presence of excess crystals when the solution is ready for use in the

23、tests. Thoroughly stir the mixture during the addition of the salt and stir the solution at frequent intervals until used. To reduce evaporation and prevent contamination, keep the solution covered at all times when access is not needed. Allow the solution to cool to 20.3 to 21.9C (68.5 to 71.5F). A

24、gain stir, and allow the solution to remain at the designated temperature for at least 48 h before use. Prior to each use, break up the salt cake, if any, in the container, stir the solution thoroughly, and determine the specific gravity of the solution. When used, the solution shall have a specific

25、 gravity not less than 1.154 nor more than 1.171. Discard a discolored solution, or filter it and check for specific gravity. Note 3For the solution, 215 g of anhydrous salt per liter of water is sufficient for saturation at 22C (71.6F). However, because this salt is not completely stable and becaus

26、e it is desirable that an excess of crystals be present, the use of not less than 225 g of the anhydrous salt per liter of water is recommended. 4.1.2. Magnesium Sulfate SolutionPrepare a saturated solution of magnesium sulfate by dissolving a reagent grade of the salt in water (Note 5) at a minimum

27、 temperature of 25C (77F) (Note 4). Add sufficient salt (Note 4) of either the anhydrous (MgSO4) or the crystalline (MgSO47H2O) (Epsom salt) form, to ensure saturation and the presence of excess crystals when the solution is ready for use in the tests. Thoroughly stir the mixture during the addition

28、 of the salt and stir the solution at frequent intervals until used. To reduce evaporation and prevent contamination, keep the solution covered at all times when access is not needed. Allow the solution to cool to 20.3 to 21.9C (68.5 to 71.5F). Again stir, and allow the solution to remain at the des

29、ignated temperature for at least 48 h before use. Prior to each use, break up the salt cake, if any, in the container, stir the solution thoroughly, and determine the specific gravity of the solution. When used, the solution shall have a specific gravity not less than 1.297 nor more than 1.306. Disc

30、ard a discolored solution, or filter it and check for specific gravity. Note 4For the solution, 350 g of anhydrous salt or 1230 g of the heptahydrate per liter of water is sufficient for saturation at 23C (73.4F). However, because these salts are not completely stable, with the hydrous salt being th

31、e more stable of the two, and because it is desirable that an excess of crystals be present, it is recommended that the heptahydrate salt be used and in an amount of not less than 1400 g/L of water. When preparing the saturated solution of magnesium sulfate, the salt crystals will dissolve more read

32、ily if the crystals are added in small amounts and the water temperature is higher than 35C (95F) due to the chemical cooling effect during preparation. Note 5Distilled water shall be used in referee or comparison testing. 4.2. Barium Chloride SolutionA 0.2 molar solution of barium chloride (41.6 g

33、of BaCl2per liter of solution) to determine the presence of sodium or magnesium sulfate in the wash water. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 104-4 AASHTO 5. SAMPLES 5.1. Fine Aggreg

34、ateFine aggregate for the test shall be passed through a 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) sieve. The sample shall be of such size that it will yield not less than 100 g of each of the following sizes, expressed in terms of the following sieves: Passing Sieve Retained on Sieve 9.5 mm (3/8in.) 4.75 mm (No. 4) 4.75 mm

35、 (No. 4) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 600 m (No. 30) 600 m (No. 30) 300 m (No. 50) 5.1.1. Should the sample contain less than 5 percent of any of the sizes specified in Section 5.1, that size shall not be tested. 5.2. Coarse AggregateCoarse aggregate for the test

36、 shall consist of material from which the sizes finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve have been removed. The sample shall be of such a size that it will yield the amounts indicated in Table 1. Table 1Coarse Aggregate Sample Sieve Size Mass, g 63 mm to 37.5 mm (21/2in. to 11/2in.) 5000 300 Consisting

37、of: 50-mm to 37.5-mm (2-in. to 11/2-in.) material 2000 200 63-mm to 50-mm (21/2-in. to 2-in.) material 3000 300 37.5 mm to 19.0 mm (11/2in. to 3/4in.) 1500 50 Consisting of: 25.0-mm to 19.0-mm (1-in. to 3/4-in.) material 500 30 37.5-mm to 25.0-mm (11/2-in. to 1-in.) material 1000 50 19.0 mm to 9.5 m

38、m (3/4in. to 3/8in.) 1000 10 Consisting of: 12.5-mm to 9.5-mm (1/2-in. to 3/8-in.) material 330 5 19.0-mm to 12.5-mm (3/4-in. to 1/2-in.) material 670 10 9.5 mm to 4.75 mm (3/8in. to No. 4) 300 5 5.2.1. Should the sample contain less than 5 percent of any of the sizes specified in Section 5.2, that

39、size shall not be tested. When a combination of sizes is specified for the test portion and one of the sizes specified is less than 5 percent of the sample, reduce the test portion by the applicable mass specified in Section 5.2 for the size not available. 5.2.2. When testing large rock (broken ston

40、e, ledge rock, cobbles, and boulders for use as riprap, channel lining, etc.), obtain the test portion by crushing, splitting, or sawing the larger sample pieces. Test only those pieces in the 37.5- to 19.0-mm (11/2to 3/4-in.) and 63- to 37.5-mm (21/2- to 11/2-in.) size fractions when size reduction

41、 is by crushing or splitting. Test pieces in the 63- to 37.5-mm (21/2- to 11/2-in.) size fraction when size reduction is by sawing. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 104-5 AASHTO No

42、te 6When the rock contains bedding planes, crushing or splitting will usually cause the rock to break on those bedding planes. Sawing will usually leave the bedding planes intact, and thus more likely to split the particles due to growth of the salt crystals in the soundness test. 5.2.3. When testin

43、g large rock (to evaluate a potential source) that will be subsequently crushed to produce aggregate, obtain the test portion by crushing the larger sample pieces. Test pieces only in those sizes that will be included in the produced aggregate, but ignoring any material finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4

44、) sieve or coarser than the 63-mm (21/2-in.) sieve. 5.2.4. When the finished aggregate material will contain particles coarser than 63 mm (21/2in.), such as aggregate for use in mass concrete, crush the material coarser than 63 mm (21/2in.) and distribute the material among that in the range of the

45、63-mm (21/2-in.) to 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieves. Discard material finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. 5.3. When an aggregate to be tested contains appreciable amounts of both fine and coarse material, having a grading more than 10 percent coarser than the 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) sieve and, also, more than 10

46、percent finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, test separate samples of the minus 4.75-mm (No. 4) fraction and the plus 4.75-mm (No. 4) fraction in accordance with the procedures for fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, respectively. Report the results separately for the fine aggregate fraction and t

47、he coarse aggregate fraction, giving the percentages of the coarse and fine size fractions in the initial grading. 6. PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLE 6.1. Fine AggregateThoroughly wash the sample of fine aggregate on a 300-m (No. 50) sieve, dry to constant mass at 110 5C (230 9F), and separate into the d

48、ifferent sizes by sieving, as follows: Make a rough separation of the graded sample by means of a nest of the standard sieves specified in Section 5.1. From the fractions obtained in this manner, select samples of sufficient size to yield 100 g after sieving to refusal. (In general, a 110-g sample w

49、ill be sufficient.) Do not use fine aggregate sticking in the meshes of the sieves in preparing the samples. Weigh samples consisting of 100 0.1 g out of each of the separated fractions after final sieving, record the masses of the test samples, and place in separate containers for the test. 6.2. Coarse AggregateThoroughly wash and dry the sample of coarse aggregate to constant mass at 110 5C (230 9F) and separate it into the different sizes shown in Section 5.2 b

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1