1、Standard Method of Test for Testing Epoxy Resin Adhesive AASHTO Designation: T 237-05 (2014) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS 4c T 237-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Testing Epoxy Resin Adhesiv
2、e AASHTO Designation: T 237-05 (2014) 1. SCOPE 1.1. The methods given cover the examination of epoxy resin adhesives for use in bonding traffic markers to pavements, cured concrete to cured concrete, fresh concrete to cured concrete, and are divided into two parts: 1.2. Part I (Sections 3 through 25
3、) covers M 235M/M 235, Class I and II, and M 237, Class I adhesives. (See Figure 1.) 1.3. Part II (Sections 26 through 35) covers M 235M/M 235, Class III and M 237, Class II adhesives. (See Figure 1.) 1.4. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Figure 1Example Spectrogram
4、for Epoxy Adhesive Component 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 6, Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-2 AASHTO M 85, Po
5、rtland Cement M 235M/M 235, Epoxy Resin Adhesives M 237, Epoxy Resin Adhesives for Bonding Traffic Markers to Hardened Portland Cement and Asphalt Concrete T 106M/T 106, Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in. Cube Specimens) T 132, Tensile Strength of Hydraulic Cement
6、Mortars 2.2. ASTM Standards: C778, Standard Specification for Standard Sand D570, Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics D1002, Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal) D1084, Standard Te
7、st Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives 2.3. Federal Standard: Fed. Std. No. 141, Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials: Methods of Inspection, Sampling and Testing, Method 4184, Percent Air; Method 4242, Color of Transparent Liquids (Hellige Scale) PART I 3. GEL TIMEAPPARATUS AND MATERIALS 3
8、.1. Gel timer. 3.2. Disposable wire stirrers. 3.3. Unwaxed paper cups, 60-mL (2-oz), 38-mm (1-1/2in.) diameter base. 3.4. Unwaxed paper cups, 240-mL (8-oz), 76-mm (3-in.) diameter base. 3.5. Stainless Steel Spatula with blade 150 by 25 mm (6 by 1 in.), and with end cut square. 3.6. Stopwatch. Note 1
9、Equipment available from SHYODU Gel Timer Model 100, SHYODU Instrument Company, 6351 Old Tipton Road, Millington, TN 38053, Telephone (901) 872-6894, Facsimile (901) 872-6868. 4. GEL TIMEPROCEDURE 4.1. Condition both A and B components to 25 1C (77 2F). 2015 by the American Association of State High
10、way and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-3 AASHTO 4.2. Stir the separate components vigorously with a spatula to redisperse any settled material. Use separate spatula for each component. 4.3. Using the 60-mL cups, prepare 100 g of
11、 epoxy adhesive by measuring each component in the proper ratio into a 240-mL paper cup. 4.4. Start stopwatch immediately and mix the components for 60 s using a spatula and taking care to scrape the sides and bottom of the cup periodically. 4.5. Place the sample at 25 1C (77 2F) in a retaining ring
12、 on the gel timer. 4.6. Insert wire stirrer into the sample and attach to the gel timer. Check to ensure the stirrer does not touch the side or bottom of the cup. 4.7. Zero the gel timer. 4.8. Start the gel timer. 4.9. Stop the stopwatch and record the initial mixing time. 4.10. Record the time from
13、 the gel timer when it stops. 4.11. The gel time is the initial time of mixing plus the elapsed time recorded by the gel timer. 5. POT LIFE (OPTIONAL PROCEDURE)APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 5.1. Unwaxed paper cups, 240-mL (8-oz), 50 6-mm (2 1/4-in.) diameter base. 5.2. Unwaxed paper cups, 60-mL (2-oz), 38
14、-mm (11/2-in.) diameter base. 5.3. Wooden tongue depressor with ends cut square. 5.4. Stainless steel spatula with blade 150 by 25 mm (6 by 1 in.), and with the end cut square. 6. POT LIFE (OPTIONAL PROCEDURE)PROCEDURE 6.1. Condition both A and B components to 25 1C (77 2F). 6.2. Stir the separate c
15、omponents vigorously with a spatula to redisperse any settled materials. Use separate spatula for each component. 6.3. Using the 60-mL cups, measure each component, in the proper ratio, into the 240-mL cup. 6.4. Start stopwatch immediately and mix the components for 60 s using a wooden tongue depres
16、sor and taking care to scrape the sides and bottom of the cup periodically. 6.5. Place the sample at 25 1C (77 2F) on a wooden bench top that is free of excessive drafts. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of
17、 applicable law.TS 4c T 237-4 AASHTO 6.6. Probe the mixture once with the tongue depressor every 30 s, starting 5 min prior to the minimum specified pot life. 6.7. The time at which a soft stringy mass forms in the center of the cup is the pot life. INFRARED SPECTRUM 7. APPARATUS 7.1. Double-beam in
18、frared recording spectrophotometer,12.5 microns to 15 microns. 7.2. Disk holder for a disk approximately 25 mm in diameter. 7.3. Two sodium chloride crystal disks approximately 25 mm in diameter. 7.4. Superspeed centrifuge able to separate the liquid and solid phases of the adhesive components witho
19、ut previous dilution with solvents.28. PROCEDURE 8.1. Place about 15 g of Component A into a stainless steel centrifuge tube. 8.2. Counterbalance with Component B in a second centrifuge tube. 8.3. Centrifuge the two components until there is a supernatant liquid layer present in each tube. This take
20、s 20 to 30 min at 17,000 r/min. 8.4. Place a drop of Component A liquid layer on a sodium chloride disk. 8.4.1. Place another sodium chloride disk over the drop, rotate and press down until the liquid has flowed into a uniform layer of proper thickness between the two sodium chloride disks. 8.4.2. P
21、lace the disks in the holder and run an absorption curve with the infrared spectrophotometer. 8.4.2.1. More or less liquid may be used between the disks so as to produce a maximum absorption of 0.7 to 1.0 for the strongest absorption point on the curve. 8.4.3. Clean the disks with toluene and dry. 8
22、.4.4. Repeat steps in Sections 8.4 through 8.4.3 with the liquid layer from Component B. 8.5. Compare each curve with the appended absorption curves for standard materials. Two materials are considered to be identical if all of the absorption points agree as to wavelength and relative magnitude of t
23、he peaks in comparison with the other points of absorption. (See Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c.) 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-5 AASHTO Figure 2aEpoxy Adhesive for Bonding Fresh to
24、 Cured Concrete Figure 2bEpoxy Adhesive for Bonding Cured to Cured Concrete B ComponentEpoxy adhesive for bonding fresh to curedconcrete, AASHTO M 235Class IWavelength (microns)Absorbance1.000.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.001.000.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.003 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 157008009001
25、0001500200030004000 CM1B ComponentEpoxy adhesive for bonding cured to curedconcrete, AASHTO M 235Class IIWavelength (microns)Absorbance1.000.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.001.000.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.003 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1570080090010001500200030004000 CM1 2015 by the American Associa
26、tion of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-6 AASHTO Figure 2cEpoxy Adhesive for Bonding Traffic Markers to Cured Concrete DENSITY 9. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 9.1. Follow Federal Standard No. 141, Method 4184. BROOKF
27、IELD VISCOSITY 10. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 10.1. Brookfield Syncro-Electric Viscometer, Model RVT, Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Middleboro, Massachusetts. 10.2. Brookfield Helipath Stand, Model C, with TD spindle and spindle weight. 10.3. Round 475-mL (1-pt) paint cans. 10.4. Stainless steel
28、 spatula having a blade 150 by 25 mm (6 by 1 in.) with the end cut square. 11. PROCEDURE 11.1. Fill a 475-mL (1-pt) can within 25 mm (1 in.) of the top with well-mixed Component A. 11.2. Condition the material to 25C (77F). B ComponentEpoxy adhesive for bonding traffic markers to curedconcrete, AASH
29、TO M 237Class IWavelength (microns)70080090010001500200030004000 CM13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Absorbance1.000.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.001.000.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.00 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a v
30、iolation of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-7 AASHTO 11.3. Stir the material vigorously for 30 s with a spatula. 11.4. Remove entrained air bubbles by vigorous tapping. 11.5. Insert the spindle and make a viscosity reading at 5 r/min within 10 min after stirring. 11.5.1. Make additional readings at 2.5 r
31、/min and 0.5 r/min for use in the Shear Ratio Test (Sections 23 through 25). 11.6. Repeat to determine viscosity of Component B. 12. CALCULATION 12.1. Follow manufacturers instructions for calculating Brookfield Viscosity. SAG TEST 13. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 13.1. Stiff glazed paper, 254 by 139 mm
32、(10 by 51/2in.).313.2. Clipboard. 13.3. Metal shims, 0.76 0.03 mm (0.030 0.001 in.) thick, approximately 25 by 250 mm (1 by 10 in.). 13.4. Doctor blade. 14. PROCEDURE 14.1. Place the paper on the clipboard with glazed surface up. 14.2. Place two pieces of metal shim stock on top of the glazed paper
33、to produce a space 230 mm (9 in.) long by 64 mm (21/2in.) wide. Use the clip to hold the shim stock and chart in place. 14.3. Condition both A and B components to 25C (77F). 14.4. Stir the components vigorously for 30 s with a spatula. 14.5. Mix for 30 s sufficient material in the specified ratio of
34、 Component A to Component B and immediately apply the mixed material to the glazed paper between the shim material. 14.6. Draw the doctor blade over the surface to produce a film 64 mm (21/2in.) wide by 152 mm (6 in.) long, 0.76 0.10 mm (0.03 0.004 in.) thick. 14.7. Release the clip and carefully re
35、move the shims by lifting them upward while holding the glazed paper down. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-8 AASHTO 14.8. Support the paper vertically with the 152-mm (6-in.)
36、side of the strip in a horizontal position. 14.9. After 30 min, record the sag to the nearest 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). BOND STRENGTH TO CONCRETE 15. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 15.1. Stopwatch, 1 s or smaller divisions. 15.2. A sandblasted, 50-mm (2-in.) diameter steel or aluminum plug approximately 50 mm (2 i
37、n.) long, drilled, and threaded on one end to accept a threaded steel rod or hook for insertion into the testing press or apparatus.415.3. A sandblasted concrete block 305 mm (12 in.) square by 75 mm (3 in.) thick, prepared with 390-kg/m3(7-sack) concrete and having a tensile strength in excess of 1
38、725 kPa (250 psi). 15.4. Testing press operating at a load rate of 22.2 kN/min (5000 lbf/min). Alternately, a maximum indicating dynamometer fitted with 25-mm (1-in.) eyes and mounted in a housing allowing application of an upward vertical pull may be used. 16. PROCEDURE 16.1. Condition the test equ
39、ipment, materials and epoxy components for 24 h at the testing temperature specified. 16.2. Stir the separate components vigorously for 30 s. 16.3. Measure the components in the proper ratio onto a tin plate and mix with a spatula for 60 5 s. 16.4. Place the adhesive on the sandblasted surface of th
40、e plug and concrete surface. 16.5. Press the plug firmly in place and remove the excess adhesive. 16.6. Just before the required test time, insert the threaded rod or hook into the plug. 16.7. Apply loading at the specified rate until failure and record the maximum load attained before failure. 16.8
41、. Calculate the bond strength to concrete attained before failure as follows: ( )bond strength, kPa psi =TLA(1) where: TL = total load N (lbf), and A = area of bond m2(in.2). 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violatio
42、n of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-9 AASHTO TENSILE ADHESION AND COHESION 17. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 17.1. Use the testing apparatus described in Section 15. 17.2. Cold box capable of maintaining 9.5 1.0C (15 2F). 17.3. Oven capable of maintaining 60 1C (140 2F). 17.4. As specimens, use pavement marke
43、rs representative of those intended for installation. 18. PROCEDURE 18.1. Stir the separate components vigorously for 30 s. 18.2. Measure the components in the proper ratio onto a tin plate and mix with a trowel or spatula for 60 5 s. 18.3. Place the adhesive on the plug and the marker surface. 18.4
44、. Press the plug firmly in place and remove excess adhesive. 18.5. Cure all specimens for 24 h at 25 1C (77 2F). 18.6. Proceed according to Sections 16.6 to 16.8. 18.7. Post-cure at least one of the specimens further as follows: 18.7.1. Cure 48 h at 60C (140F); 18.7.2. Return to 25C, and then place
45、in cold box for 24 h at 9.5C (15F); and 18.7.3. Return to 25C, and test as in Section 18.6. SLANT SHEAR STRENGTH 19. MATERIALS 19.1. Graded standard (Ottawa) sand conforming to T 106M/T 106, Section 6, Materials, and ASTM C778. 19.2. Type II portland cement conforming to M 85. 19.3. Water. 2015 by t
46、he American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS 4c T 237-10 AASHTO 20. APPARATUS 20.1. Suitable mold to make diagonal concrete mortar blocks with a square base with 50.8-mm (2-in.) sides and having one diagona
47、l face 50.8 by 101.6 mm (2 by 4 in.) standing about 19 mm (3/4in.) above the base. After sandblasting, the diagonal faces of two such blocks are bonded together, producing a block 50.8 by 50.8 by 127 mm (2 by 2 by 5 in.). 20.2. Test blocks are made from the following composition in parts-by-mass. St
48、andard, 20.1 Portland cement, 12.1 Water, 4.8 20.3. Suitable testing press. 21. PROCEDURE 21.1. Mix adhesive as described in Section 16.2 and apply a coat to each diagonal surface. Press diagonal surfaces of each block together by hand and remove excess adhesive. 21.2. Align the blocks so that the e
49、nds and sides are square and form a block 50.8 by 50.8 by 127 mm (2 by 2 by 5 in.). Use blocks of wood or metal against each end to keep diagonal faces from slipping. 21.3. After the required cure time as specified, apply a suitable capping compound to each end and test by applying a compression load at the rate of 22.2 kN/min (5000 lbf/min) until failure. 21.4. For wet shear strength, bond another set of blocks together as described above. Cure 24 h at 25 1C (77
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