AASHTO T 48-2006 Standard Method of Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup《用克利夫兰德开杯法测定石油产品的闪点和燃点的试验方法》.pdf

1、TS-2b T 48-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup AASHTO Designation: T 48-06 (2010) ASTM Designation: D 92-05a AASHTO T 48-06 is identical to ASTM D 92-05a except for the following provisions: 1. All references to the ASTM standards listed in the following

2、table shall be replaced with the corresponding AASHTO standard: Referenced Standards ASTM AASHTO D 140 T 40 D 1310 T 79 2. Add the following reference to Section 2.1: C 670, Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials 3. Replace the dimen

3、sions in Figure 1 with the following: Millimeters Inches Min Max Min Max ADiameter 3.8 5.4 0.15 0.21 CDiameter 1.6 5.0 0.06 0.20 D 5.0 0.20 E 6.4, approximately 0.25, approximately 4. Replace the dimensions in Figure 2 with the following: Millimeters Inches Min Max Min Max A 6.4, nominal 0.25, nomin

4、al C 6.4, nominal 0.25, nominal DDiameter 54.5 56.5 2.15 2.22 FDiameter 150, nominal 6, nominal 5. Replace the dimensions in Figure 3 with the dimensions below. Do not include a dimension “G” as shown in Figure 3. However, include a dimension for the thickness of the flange of the test cup that is n

5、ot included in Figure 3. This dimension for the thickness of the flange shall be designated “K” with the dimensional requirements as in the following table: 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable la

6、w.TS-2b T 48-2 AASHTO Millimeters Inches Min Max Min Max B 62.5 64.0 2.46 2.52 C 2.8 3.6 0.11 0.14 DRadius 4, approximately 0.16, approximately H 2.8 3.6 0.11 0.14 J 97 101 3.8 4.0 K 1.8 3.4 0.07 0.13 6. Add the following sentence after the first sentence in Section 11.1.1: To aid in this operation,

7、 a Filling Level Gauge (A1.7) may be used. 7. Add an additional note that immediately follows Section 11.1.1 as follows: NoteThe sample cup may be filled away from the apparatus provided the thermometer is preset with the cup in place and the sample level is correct at the beginning of the test. A s

8、him 6.4-mm (0.25-in.) thick is useful in obtaining the correction distance from the bottom of the bulb to the bottom of the cup. 8. Replace the first sentence of Section 11.1.3 with the following: Light the test flame, and adjust it to a diameter of 3.8 to 5.4 mm (0.15 to 0.21 in.). 9. Replace Secti

9、on 11.1.4 with the following: 11.1.4 Apply heat initially at such a rate that the temperature indicated by the temperature-measuring device increases 10 to 20C (18 to 36F)/min. When the test specimen temperature is approximately 56C (100F) below the expected flash point, decrease the heat so that th

10、e rate of temperature rise during the last 28C (50F) before the flash point is 4 to 7C (7 to 13F)/min. 10. Replace the fourth sentence of Section 11.1.5 with the following: The center of the test flame must move in a horizontal plane not more than 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) above the plane of the upper edge

11、of the cup and pass in one direction only. 11. Replace the last sentence of Section 11.1.9 with the following: Continue heating the test specimen at 4 to 7C (7 to 13F)/min and testing the material every 2C (5F) as described in Section 11.1.5 until the flash point is obtained. 12. Replace Section 14

12、with the following: 14. Precision and Bias 14.1 PrecisionCriteria for judging the acceptability of test results for the flash point of asphalt binders obtained by this method are given in Table 1. Criteria for judging the acceptability of fire point test results can be found in ASTM D 92. 14.1.1 Sin

13、gle-Operator Precision (Repeatability)The figures in Column 2 of Table 1 are the standard deviations that have been found to be appropriate for the conditions of test described in Column 1. Two results obtained in the same laboratory, by the same operator using the same equipment, in the shortest pr

14、actical period of time, should not be considered suspect unless the difference in the two results exceeds the values given in Table 1, Column 3. 14.1.2 Multilaboratory Precision (Reproducibility)The figures in Column 2 of Table 1 are the standard deviations that have been found to be appropriate for

15、 the conditions of test described in Column 1. Two results submitted by two different operators testing the same material in different laboratories shall not be considered suspect unless the difference in the two results exceeds the values given in Table 1, Column 3. 2013 by the American Association

16、 of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 48-3 AASHTO Table 1Precision Estimates Acceptable Standard Deviation Range of Two Results Condition (1s)a(d2s)a Single-Operator Precision: Flash Point (C) 3 8 Multilaboratory Prec

17、ision: Flash Point (C) 10 28 a These values represent the 1s and d2s limits described in ASTM Practice C 670. Note: The precision estimates for Flash Point given in Table 1 are based on the analysis of test results from eight pairs of AMRL proficiency samples. The data analyzed consisted of results

18、from 98 to 148 laboratories for each of the eight pairs of samples. The analysis included four binder grades: PG 52-34, PG 64-16, PG 64-22, and PG 70-22. Average flash points ranged from 268.5 to 353.5C. The details of the analysis are in the final report for NCHRP Project No. 9-26, Phase 3. 14.2 Bi

19、asThe procedure of this test method has no bias because flash point and fire point can be defined only in terms of this test method. 13. Replace Section A1.3 with the following: A1.3 Ignition Source ApplicatorThe device for applying the test flame may be of any suitable design, but the tip shall be

20、1.6 to 5.0 mm (0.06 to 0.20 in.) in diameter at the end and the orifice shall have an approximate diameter of 0.8 mm (0.031 in.). The device for applying the test flame shall be so mounted to permit automatic duplication of the sweep of the test flame, the radius of swing being not less than 150 mm

21、(6 in.) and the center of the orifice moving in a plane not more than 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) above the cup. A bead having a diameter of 3.8 to 5.4 mm (0.15 to 0.21 in.) shall be mounted in a convenient position on the apparatus so the size of the test flame can be compared to it. 14. Add an additional Se

22、ction A1.7 after Section A1.6 as follows: A1.7 Filling Level GaugeA device to aid in the proper adjustment of the sample level in the cup. It may be made of suitable metal with at least one projection, but preferably two for adjusting the sample level in the test cup to 9 to 10 mm (0.35 to 0.39 in.)

23、 below the top edge of the cup. A hole 0.8 mm (0.031 in.) in diameter, the center of which is located not more than 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) above the bottom edge of the gauge, shall be provided for use in checking the center position of the orifice of the test flame applicator with respect to the rim of t

24、he cup. (Figure 4 shows a suitable version.) 15. Add a Figure 4 after Section A1.7. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 48-4 AASHTO Figure 4Filling Level Gauge 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.