AATCC 172-2007 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering《家洗耐粉末型无氯漂白剂色牢度》.pdf

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5、9-549-8933, or e-mail: ordersaatcc.org. AATCC License Agreement: This test method is copyrighted by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), PO Box 12215, 1 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC USA. All rights reserved. AATCC grants you a license as follows: The right t

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7、ile may not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or otherwise. The hard copy print may only be distributed to other employees for their internal use within your organization. This test method is not for resale. Copyright 2007 American Association of Textile Chemists and ColoristsCopyright

8、 The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-304 TM 172-2007 AATCC Technical Manual/2008Developed in 1988 by AATCC Commit-tee RA60; reaffirmed 1989, 1995, 2002;r

9、evised 1990, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007with title change; editorially revised1994, 2004, 2005.1. Purpose and Scope1.1 This test method is designed toevaluate the colorfastness to non-chlorinebleach in home laundering of textileswhich are expected to withstand frequentlaundering. The fabric color changes

10、 re-sulting from the powdered non-chlorinebleach, detergent solution and abrasiveaction of five home launderings are eval-uated.1.2 First establish the level of perfor-mance with powdered non-chlorinebleach and if an effect is found, thenretest with detergent alone. It may benecessary to use a water

11、 only wash toseparate the effects of components likehardness, pH or chlorine content.1.3 Since the powdered non-chlorinebleaches currently available contain in-gredients other than the powdered non-chlorine bleach; such as fluorescent whit-ening agents, bluing, etc., it is the totaleffect of these c

12、hemicals on the colorchange that is being evaluated.2. Principle2.1 Specimens are laundered under ap-propriate conditions of temperature, de-tergent solution, powdered non-chlorinebleach solution and abrasive action forfive home laundering cycles. The laun-dered specimens are evaluated for colorchan

13、ge.3. Terminology3.1 bleach, n.in home laundering, aproduct that will clean, whiten, brightenand aid in the removal of soils and stainsfrom textile materials by oxidation that isinclusive of chlorine and non-chlorineproducts.3.2 colorfastness, n.the resistance ofa material to change in any of its co

14、lorcharacteristics, to transfer of its color-ant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as aresult of the exposure of the material toany environment that might be encoun-tered during the processing, testing, stor-age or use of the materials.3.3 laundering, n.of textile materi-als, a process intended to r

15、emove soiland/or stains by treatment (washing) withan aqueous detergent solution and nor-mally including subsequent rinsing, ex-tracting and drying.3.4 non-chlorine bleach, n.a prod-uct that does not release the hypochloriteion in solution; i.e., sodium perborate, so-dium percarbonate.3.4.1 liquid n

16、on-chlorine bleach, n.a product that contains hydrogen perox-ide as its active ingredient.3.4.2 powdered non-chlorine bleach,n.a product that contains either sodiumperborate or sodium percarbonate as itsactive ingredient.4. Safety PrecautionsNOTE: These safety precautions arefor information purposes

17、 only. The pre-cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-dures and are not intended to be all inclu-sive. It is the users responsibility to usesafe and proper techniques in handlingmaterials in this test method. Manufac-turers MUST be consulted for specificdetails such as material safety data shee

18、tsand other manufacturers recommenda-tions. All OSHA standards and rulesmust also be consulted and followed.4.1 Good laboratory practices shouldbe followed. Wear safety glasses in alllaboratory areas.4.2 The 1993 AATCC Standard Refer-ence Detergent WOB may cause irrita-tion. Care should be taken to

19、prevent ex-posure to skin and eyes.4.3 Manufacturers safety recommen-dations should be followed when operat-ing laboratory testing equipment.4.4 All chemicals should be handledwith care.4.5 The procedure for determining thepercent active oxygen content outlined in13.7 should be handled only in an ad

20、e-quately ventilated laboratory hood. Inpreparing, dispensing and handling thereagents, use chemical goggles or faceshield, impervious gloves and an imper-vious apron.4.6 An eyewash/safety shower shouldbe located nearby and an organic vaporrespirator should be available for emer-gency use.4.7 Exposu

21、re to chemicals used in thisprocedure must be controlled at or belowlevels set by governmental authorities(e.g., Occupational Safety and HealthAdministrations OSHA permissibleexposure limits PEL as found in 29CFR 1910.1000 amended as of January1, 1989). In addition, the American Con-ference of Gover

22、nmental Industrial Hy-gienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Val-ues (TLVs) comprised of time weightedaverages (TLV-TWA), short term expo-sure limits (TLV-STEL) and ceiling lim-its (TLV-C) are recommended as a gen-eral guide for air contaminant exposurewhich should be met (see 13.1).5. Uses and Limitation

23、s5.1 Non-chlorine bleaches are avail-able in two different formspowdered orliquid. This method only evaluates thecolorfastness of textiles to powdered non-chlorine bleach in home laundering. Dueto differences in active ingredients, theresults obtained by this method may notbe representative of resul

24、ts obtained bythe use of liquid non-chlorine bleach ontextiles during laundering.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Automatic washing machine (see13.2).6.2 Automatic tumble dryer (see 13.3).6.3 Conditioning/drying racks withpull-out screens or perforated shelves(see 13.4).6.4 Ballast of 92 92 3 cm (36 36

25、 1 in.) hemmed pieces of bleached cottonsheeting (Wash load ballast type 1) or 50/50 polyester/cotton bleached of plainweave construction (Wash load ballasttype 3) (see 13.5).6.5 1993 AATCC Standard ReferenceDetergent WOB (see 13.6).6.6 Facilities for drip and line drying.6.7 Balance with at least 5

26、 kg (20 lbs)capacity.6.8 Powdered non-chlorine bleach (see13.7 and 13.8).7. Test Specimens7.1 The weight of the test specimencan influence the results of this test. Onlyone test specimen is to be laundered in aload. For ease in weighing fabrics, thetest specimen weight is to be 110.0 10.0g (0.25 0.0

27、2 lb). For garment testing,one garment is to be tested. If the gar-ment weight exceeds the specified loadweight of 1.8 kg or 4 lb, the total weightis to be included in the report. See 8.2.2for exact weight specifications on load.8. Procedure8.1 Tables I, II and III summarizewashing and drying condit

28、ions availablefor testing.AATCC Test Method 172-2007Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home LaunderingCopyright 2007 American Association of Textile Chemists and ColoristsCopyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Not f

29、or ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AATCC Technical Manual/2008 TM 172-2007 3058.2 Washing.8.2.1 Fill the washer with the specifiedwater volume at the selected water tem-perature using the normal cycle setting.Measure and record the water hardness inany test

30、.8.2.2 Add 66 1 g of 1993 AATCCStandard Reference Detergent WOB.Add the amount of the powdered non-chlorine bleach recommended by themanufacturer. Add test specimen andenough ballast to make a 1.8 0.1 kg(4.00 0.25 lb) load. Set the washer onthe cycle selected for washing and set thewash timer (see T

31、ables I and II). Start theagitation and independently time thewash for reproducible results. Advancethe dial to the end of the wash cycle andrinse at a temperature below 29C (85F).If this rinse temperature is not attainable,record the actual temperature of the rinsewater used.8.2.3 For specimens to

32、be dried by pro-cedures A, B or D, allow washing to pro-ceed automatically through the final spincycle. Remove test specimens immedi-ately after the final spin cycle, separateany tangled piecestaking care to mini-mize distortionand dry by proceduresA, B or D (see Tables I and III).8.2.4 For specimen

33、s to be dried by pro-cedure C, Drip Dry, stop the washer at theend of the final rinse cycle just before thewater begins to drain. Remove the speci-mens soaking wet.8.3 Drying.8.3.1 (A) Tumble Dry. Place thewashed load (test specimens and ballast)in the tumble dryer, set on the cyclewhich generates t

34、he correct exhaust tem-peratures as specified in Table III. Forfibers that are heat sensitive, lower tem-peratures consistent with producers rec-ommendations are required and must bereported. Operate the dryer until the totalload is dry. Remove the load immediatelyafter machine stops.8.3.2 (B) Line

35、Dry. Hang each speci-men by two corners with the fabric lengthin the vertical direction. Allow the testspecimens to hang in still air at roomtemperature until dry.8.3.3 (C) Drip Dry. Hang each drippingwet specimen by two corners, with thefabric length in the vertical direction. Al-low specimens to h

36、ang in still air at roomtemperature until dry.8.3.4 (D) Screen Dry. Spread eachspecimen on a horizontal screen or perfo-rated surface, removing wrinkles but notdistorting or stretching, and allow to dryin still air at room temperature.8.4 Repeat 8.2 and 8.3 for a total offive launderings.8.5 After d

37、rying, condition the speci-mens for at least 4 h by laying eachspecimen separately on the screen or per-forated shelf of a conditioning rack in anatmosphere of 21 1C (70 2F) and 65 2% RH before evaluating color change.9. Evaluation9.1 The color change can be quantita-tively determined by measuring t

38、he colordifference between the unwashed sampleand a tested specimen using a suitablecolorimeter or spectrophotometer withthe appropriate software (see AATCCEvaluation Procedure 7, Instrumental As-sessment of the Change in Color of a TestSpecimen).9.2 To evaluate the color change of thetest specimens

39、 visually, rate the colorchange of the test specimens using theGray Scale for Color Change. (Usage ofthe scale is discussed in Evaluation Pro-cedure 1.)Grade 5negligible or no change asshown in Gray Scale Step 5.Grade 4.5change in color equivalentto Gray Scale Step 4-5.Grade 4change in color equival

40、entto Gray Scale Step 4.Grade 3.5change in color equivalentto Gray Scale Step 3-4.Grade 3change in color equivalentto Gray Scale Step 3.Grade 2.5change in color equivalentto Gray Scale Step 2-3.Grade 2change in color equivalentto Gray Scale Step 2.Grade 1.5change in color equivalentto Gray Scale Ste

41、p 1-2.Grade 1change in color equivalentto Gray Scale Step 1.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 This test is a satisfactory end usetest for demonstrating the effect of the1993 AATCC Standard Reference Deter-gent WOB and powdered non-chlorinebleach on textile materials in home laun-dering.10.2 If a sig

42、nificant color change is ob-served, an untreated duplicate samplecould be retested using either this methodwith detergent only, or the 2A Test inAATCC Method 61, Colorfastness toLaundering: Accelerated, without the ad-dition of powdered non-chlorine bleach.This will determine whether the colorchange

43、 is due to dye instability or ableach effect.11. Report11.1 Report the numerical averagecolor change grade for each specimentested.11.2 Report washing procedure (Ara-bic and Roman Numerals) and dryingprocedure (capital letter from Table I;i.e., (1) IIIA (iii) means NORMAL cy-cle, wash water temperat

44、ure of 41 3CTable IWashing and Drying ConditionsMachine Cycle Washing Temperatures Drying Procedures(1) Normal/Cotton Sturdy (II) 27 3C (80 5F) (A) Tumble:(2) Delicate (III) 41 3C (105 5F) i. iiCotton Sturdy(3) Permanent Press (IV) 49 3C (120 5F) ii. iDelicate(V) 60 3C (140 5F) iii. Permanent Press(

45、B) Line(C) Drip(D) ScreenTable IITypical Washing Machine Operating Parameters1Normal Delicate Permanent Press(A) Water Level 68.1 3.8 L(18 1.0 gal)68.1 3.8 L(18 1.0 gal)68.1 3.8 L(18 1.0 gal)(B) Agitator Rate 179 2 spm2119 2 spm 179 2 spm(C) Washing Time 12 min 8 min 10 min(D) Spin Speed 645 15 rpm3

46、430 15 rpm 430 15 rpm(E) Final Spin Cycle 6 min 4 min 4 min1Per machine specifications.2spm = strokes per minute.3rpm = revolutions per minute.Table IIIDryer ConditionsNormal or Cotton/Sturdy Delicate Permanent PressExhaust Temperature High Low High66 5C (150 10F) 60C (140F) 66 5C (150 10F)Cool Down

47、 Time 10 min 10 min 10 minCopyright 2007 American Association of Textile Chemists and ColoristsCopyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-306 TM 172-2

48、007 AATCC Technical Manual/2008(105 5F), tumble dry (permanentpress).11.3 Record the brand and quantity ofthe powdered non-chlorine bleach used.11.4 Report the percent available oxygen.11.5 Record the weight of fabric speci-men or garment tested.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Interlaboratory Test Data.

49、An in-terlaboratory study was carried out in1986 to establish the precision of this testmethod for determining the effect ofpowdered non-chlorine bleach in homelaundering on the colorfastness of textilematerials.Four materials were tested separatelyfor five cycles of home laundering in du-plicate at each of the five laboratories us-ing one brand of powdered non-chlorinebleach.