1、86 TM 61-2006 AATCC Technical Manual/2007Developed in 1950 by AATCC CommitteeRA60; revised 1952, 1954, 1957, 1960,1961, 1970, 1972, 1986 (title change),1989, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2003, 2006(title change); reaffirmed 1956, 1962,1965, 1968, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1985;editorially revised 1973, 1974, 1975,1976
2、, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1991, 1995,1998, 2002, 2004; editorially revisedand reaffirmed 2001. Partly equivalentto ISO 105-C06.1. Purpose and Scope1.1 These accelerated laundering testsare to evaluate the colorfastness to laun-dering of textiles which are expected towithstand frequent laundering. The fabr
3、iccolor loss and surface changes resultingfrom detergent solution and abrasive ac-tion of five typical hand or home launder-ings, with or without chlorine, areroughly approximated by one 45 min test(see 9.2-9.6). However, the staining ef-fect produced by five typical hand orhome launderings cannot a
4、lways be pre-dicted by the 45 min test. Staining is afunction of the ratio of colored to undyedfabrics, fiber content of fabrics in thewash load and other end-use conditionswhich are not always predictable.1.2 When this test method was origi-nally developed, various options of thismethod were intend
5、ed to evaluate thecolor change and staining by five homeor commercial launderings, on an accel-erated basis. Throughout the years, com-mercial laundering procedures havechanged and commercial cleaning todayinvolves many different types of pro-cesses, dependent on the type of productbeing cleaned tha
6、t cannot be duplicatedby one accelerated laboratory procedure.In 2005, all references to commerciallaundering were removed as it is notknown if these procedures accurately rep-licate typical commercial laundering pro-cesses used today.2. Principle2.1 Specimens are tested under appro-priate condition
7、s of temperature, deter-gent solution, bleaching and abrasive ac-tion such that the color change is similarto that occurring in five hand, home orcommercial launderings. The colorchange is obtained in a convenientlyshort time. The abrasive action is a resultof the frictional effects of fabric agains
8、tcanister, the low liquor ratio and the im-pact of the steel balls on the fabric.3. Terminology3.1 colorfastness, n.the resistance ofa material to change in any of its colorcharacteristics, to transfer of its color-ant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as aresult of the exposure of the material toan
9、y environment that might be encoun-tered during the processing, testing, stor-age or use of the material.3.2 laundering, n.of textile mate-rials, a process intended to remove soilsand/or stains by treatment (washing) withan aqueous detergent solution and nor-mally including subsequent rinsing, ex-tr
10、acting and drying.4. Safety PrecautionsNOTE: These safety precautions arefor information purposes only. The pre-cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-dures and are not intended to be all inclu-sive. It is the users responsibility to usesafe and proper techniques in handlingmaterials in the tes
11、t method. Manufactur-ers MUST be consulted for specific de-tails such as material safety data sheetsand other manufacturers recommenda-tions. All OSHA standards and rulesmust also be consulted and followed.4.1 Good laboratory practices shouldbe followed. Wear safety glasses in alllaboratory areas.4.
12、2 All chemicals should be handledwith care.4.3 The 1993 AATCC Standard Refer-ence Detergent WOB may cause irrita-tion. Care should be taken to prevent ex-posure to skin and eyes.4.4 An eyewash/safety shower shouldbe located nearby for emergency use.4.5 Manufacturers safety recommen-dations should be
13、 followed when operat-ing laboratory testing equipment.5. Apparatus, Reagents and Materials5.1 Launder-Ometer.5.1.1 A laundering machine for rotat-ing closed canisters in a thermostaticallycontrolled water bath at 40 2 rpm (see12.1).5.1.2 Stainless steel lever lock canis-ters Type 1 (see 12.1) 500 m
14、L (1 pt), 75 125 mm (3.0 5.0 in.) for Test No. 1A.5.1.3 Stainless steel lever lock canis-ters Type 2 (see 12.1) 1200 mL, 90 200mm (3.5 8.0 in.) for Tests No. 2A, 3A,4A and 5A.5.1.4 Adapter plates for holding canis-ters (see 5.1.3) on laundering machineshaft (see 12.1).5.1.5 Stainless steel balls, 6
15、mm (0.25in.) in diameter (see 12.1).5.1.6 Teflon fluorocarbon gaskets (see7.4.2, 12.1 and 12.2).5.1.7 Preheater/storage module (see7.4, 12.1 and 12.3).5.2 Scales for rating test results.5.2.1 AATCC Chromatic TransferenceScale (see 12.4).5.2.2 Gray Scale for Color Change (see12.4).5.2.3 Gray Scale fo
16、r Staining (see12.4).5.3 Reagents and materials.5.3.1 Multifiber test fabrics No. 1 andFB (8 mm 0.33 in. bands) containsbands of acetate, cotton, nylon, silk, vis-cose rayon and wool. Multifiber test fab-rics No. 10, and FA (8 mm 0.33 in.bands) and No. 10A and FAA (15 mm0.6 in. bands) contain bands
17、of acetate,cotton, nylon, polyester, acrylic and wool(see 12.5).5.3.2 Bleached cotton test fabric, 32 32 ends picks/cm (80 80 ends picks/in.) construction, 136 10 g/m2(4.0 0.3 oz/yd2), desized without fluo-rescent whitening agent (see 12.5).5.3.3 1993 AATCC Standard Refer-ence Detergent WOB (without
18、 fluores-cent whitening agent and without phos-phate) (see 10.5 and 12.6).5.3.4 1993 AATCC Standard Refer-ence Detergent (with fluorescent whiten-ing agent) (see 10.5 and 12.6).5.3.5 Water, distilled or deionized (see12.7).5.3.6 Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)bleach (see 12.8).5.3.7 Sodium carbonate (Na
19、2CO3).5.3.8 Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 10% (see12.8.1).5.3.9 Potassium iodide (KI), 10% (see12.8.1).5.3.10 Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3),0.1N (see 12.8.1).5.3.11 Crockmeter test cloth cut in 50mm (2 in.) squares (see 12.9).5.3.12 White cards (specimen mounts)with Y tristimulus value at least 85%.6. Test
20、Specimens6.1 The sizes of the specimens requiredfor the various tests are as follows:50 100 mm (2.0 4.0 in.) for TestNo. 1A,50 150 mm (2.0 6.0 in.) for TestsNo. 2A, 3A, 4A and 5A.6.2 Test only one specimen in eachcanister.6.2.1 Test one specimen per laboratorysample. Replication may be advisable for
21、AATCC Test Method 61-2006Colorfastness to Laundering, Home and Commercial: AcceleratedCopyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AATCC Technical Manua
22、l/2007 TM 61-2006 87improved precision.6.3 To determine staining in Tests No.1A and 2A, use multifiber test fabric. Todetermine staining in Test No. 3A, use ei-ther multifiber test fabric or bleached cot-ton test fabric. With respect to Test No. 3A,the use of multifiber test fabric is optionalbut th
23、e staining of acetate, nylon, polyesterand acrylic is disregarded unless one ofthese fibers is present in the fabric beingtested or known to be in the final garment.For Test 3A, multifiber test fabric withheat-sealed edges is recommended. Stain-ing is not determined in Tests No. 4A and5A (see 12.10
24、and 12.11).6.4 Specimen preparation.6.4.1 Preparation with multifiber testfabric with individual component bands8 mm (0.33 in.) wide or with bleachedcotton test fabric. Prepare pieces with a50 mm (2.0 in.) square of multifiber testfabric cloth or bleached cotton test fabric(as required) sewn, staple
25、d or suitablyattached along one 50 mm (2.0 in.) edgeof the test specimen and in contact withthe face of the material. When multifibertest fabric is used, attach it so that each ofthe six fiber bands is along the 50 mm(2.0 in.) edge of the specimen with thewool on the right. The fiber bands in themul
26、tifiber test fabric will be parallel to thelengthwise direction of the test specimen.6.4.2 Preparation with multifiber testfabric with individual component bands15 mm (0.6 in.) wide. Prepare pieces witha 50 100 mm (2.0 4.0 in.) rectangle ofmultifiber test fabric sewn, stapled orsuitably attached cen
27、tered along one 100mm (4.0 in.) or 150 mm (6.0 in.) edge ofthe test specimen and in contact with theface of the material. Attach it so that eachof the six fiber bands will be parallel tothe widthwise direction of the specimen.Attach and secure the wool band at thetop of the specimen to avoid fiber l
28、oss.6.4.3 It is recommended that knittedfabrics be sewn or stapled at the fouredges to equivalent size pieces ofbleached cotton test fabric to avoid rollededges and to assist in obtaining a uniformtest result over the entire surface. Attachthe multifiber test fabric to the face of theknitted fabric.
29、6.4.4 For pile fabric specimens with apile lay direction, attach the multifibertest fabric at the top of the specimen withthe pile lay direction pointing away fromthe top of the specimen.6.5 When the textile to be tested isyarn, specimens may be tested using Op-tion 1 or Option 2.6.5.1 Option 1. Kni
30、t yarn on an appro-priate sample knitting machine. Preparespecimens and multifiber test fabrics ac-cording to 6.1-6.4.3. Keep one knittedspecimen of each sample as an unwashedoriginal.6.5.2 Option 2. Prepare two 110 m(120 yd) skeins of each yarn. Fold theskein so that there is a uniform amount ofyar
31、n across a 50 mm (2 in.) width with alength appropriate for the procedure to beused. Keep one skein of each sample asan unwashed original. Sew or stapleCrockmeter test cloth squares (see 12.9)or squares of bleached cotton test fabrichaving approximately the same weightfolded over each end of the lay
32、ered yarnspecimen. Attach a multifiber test fabricaccording to 6.4.1 or 6.4.2.7. Procedure7.1 Table I summarizes the conditionsof the tests.7.2 Adjust the laundering machine tomaintain the designated bath tempera-ture. Prepare the required volume ofwash liquor. Preheat this solution to theprescribed
33、 temperature.7.3 Run Test No. 1A in 75 125 mm(3.0 5.0 in.) lever lock stainless steelcanisters. Run Tests No. 2A, 3A, 4A and5A in 90 200 mm (3.5 8.0 in.) leverlock stainless steel canisters.7.3.1 For Tests No. 1A, 2A and 3A,add to the canister the amount of deter-gent solution designated in Table I.
34、7.3.2 For Test No. 4A, prepare a 1500ppm available chlorine solution. For 1 L,determine the amount of stock sodiumhypochlorite bleach solution (see 12.8) todilute as follows:159.4/% NaOCl = g to addWeigh the correct amount of bleach intoa volumetric flask and dilute to 1 L. Toeach canister, add 5 mL
35、 of 1500 ppmavailable chlorine solution and 45 mL ofdetergent solution making a total volumeof 50 mL.7.3.3 For Test No. 5A, determine theamount of stock sodium hypochloritebleach solution (see 12.8) to dilute asfollows:4.54/% NaOCl = g to addWeigh the correct amount of bleach intoa graduated cylinde
36、r and add detergentsolution to make a total volume of 150mL. Prepare this solution separately foreach canister.7.3.4 For all the tests, add the desig-nated number of stainless steel balls toeach canister.7.4 The two options for preheating thecanisters to the test temperature are byuse of the launder
37、ing machine or the pre-heater/storage unit. If the canisters are tobe preheated in the laundering machine,proceed to 7.4.2.7.4.1 Place the canisters in the pre-heater module at the prescribed test tem-perature. They are to remain in themodule for at least 2 min. Enter a wellcrumpled test specimen in
38、to each canister.7.4.2 Clamp the covers on the canis-ters. A Teflon fluorocarbon gasket (see5.1.6) may be inserted between the neo-prene gasket and the top of each canisterto prevent contamination of the wash so-lution by the neoprene. Fasten the 75 125 mm (3.0 5.0 in.) lever lock canis-ters vertica
39、lly and the 90 200 mm (3.5 8.0 in.) lever lock canisters horizontallyin the adapters on the rotor of the laun-dering machine in such a manner thatwhen the canisters rotate, the coversstrike the water first. Place an equal num-ber of canisters on each side of the shaft.For canisters preheated in the
40、module,proceed to 7.7.7.5 Start the rotor and run it for at least2 min to preheat the canisters.7.6 Stop the rotor and with a row ofcanisters in an upright position, unclampthe cover of one canister, enter a wellcrumpled test specimen into the solutionand replace the cover, but do not clamp it.Repea
41、t this operation until all the canis-ters in the row have been loaded. Thenclamp the covers in the same order inwhich the canisters were loaded (delayclamping the covers to allow equalizationof pressure). Repeat this operation untilall rows of canisters have been loaded.7.7 Start the laundering mach
42、ine andrun it at 40 2 rpm for 45 min.7.8 The rinsing, extracting and dryingprocedures are the same for all the tests.Stop the machine, remove the canistersand empty the contents into beakers,keeping each test specimen in a separatebeaker. Rinse each test specimen threetimes, in beakers, in distilled
43、 or deionizedwater at 40 3C (105 5F) for 1 minperiods with occasional stirring or handsqueezing. To remove excess water, cen-trifuge, blot or pass the test specimensthrough wringer rolls. Dry the specimensin an air circulating oven in which theTable ITest ConditionsaTestNo.Temp TotalLiquorVolumePerc
44、entDetergentof TotalVolumeAvailableChlorineof TotalVolumeNo.SteelBalls TimeC ( 2) F( 4)1A 40 105 mL 200 mL %0.37% None 10 Min 45 Min2A 49 120 150 0.15 None 50 453A 71 160 50 0.15 None 100 454A 71 160 50 0.15 %0.015% 100 455A 49 120 150 0.15 0.027 50 45aRefer to Section 9 for objectives for each test
45、 method.Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-88 TM 61-2006 AATCC Technical Manual/2007temperature does not exceed 71C(160F), or tumble dry in a
46、nylon meshbag in an automatic tumble dryer at nor-mal cycle, which has an exhaust tempera-ture of 60-71C (140-160F), or air dry.7.9 Allow specimens to condition at 65 2% relative humidity and 21 1C (70 2F) for 1 h before evaluating.7.10 Prepare tested fabric specimensand adjacent fabrics for evaluat
47、ion bytrimming off raveled yarns and lightlybrushing off any loose fiber and yarn onthe fabric surfaces. Brush pile fabricspecimens in required direction to restorethem as nearly as possible to the samepile angle as the untreated specimens.Specimens should be smoothed or flat-tened if they are wrink
48、led and messy dueto washing and/or drying. Specimensmay be mounted on cards to facilitateidentification and handling in their evalu-ation. For consistency in backing mate-rial, use a white mounting card with Ytristimulus value of at least 85%. Mount-ing material must not be visible in thearea to be
49、viewed and must not interferewith rating as specified in 5.1 of bothAATCC Evaluation Procedures 1 and 2for the Gray Scale for Color Change andGray Scale for Staining or instrumentalassessment of color according to AATCCEvaluation Procedure 7, Instrumental As-sessment of the Change in Color of a TestSpecimen.7.10.1 Yarn skein specimens should becombed and brushed for improved align-ment of the yarns before comparison withthe unwashed original. The original s
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