ABMA 15242-1-2016 Rolling bearings - Measuring methods for vibration - Part 1 Fundamentals.pdf

1、 Rolling bearings - Measuring methods for vibration - Part 1: Fundamentals ANSI/ABMA/ISO 15242-1-2016 Sponsor American Bearing Manufacturers Association ANSI/ABMA/ISO 15242-1-2016 (Identical Adoption of ISO 15242-1:2015) Copyright American Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc. Neither part of the

2、printed publication, nor any part of the electronic tile may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, including transmittal by e-mail, by file transfer protocol (FTP), or by being made part of a network-accessible system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. ABMA FOREWORD (T

3、his foreword is not part of ANSI/ABMA/ISO 15242-1-2016.) IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing International Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member b

4、ody interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been authorized has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. The text is approved as an International Standard if a t

5、wo-thirds majority of the P (participating)-members of the TC/SC are in favor and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. International Standard 15242-1-2015 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 4, Rolling Bearings. This standard was processed and approved for

6、 submittal to ANSI for national adoption by Accredited Standards Committee B3. Committee approval of the national adoption of this standard does not necessarily mean that all committee members voted for its adoption. Suggestions for the improvement of this standard gained through experience with its

7、 use will be welcomed. These suggestions should be sent to: ASC B3 Secretariat American Bearing Manufacturers Association 2025 M Street, N.W., Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 ISO 2015Rolling bearings Measuring methods for vibration Part 1: FundamentalsRoulements Mthodes de mesurage des vibrations Par

8、tie 1: Principes fondamentauxINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO15242-1Second edition2015-12-15Reference numberISO 15242-1:2015(E)Copyright by ISO. Reproduced by ANSI with permission of and under license from ISO. Licensed to committee members for further standardization only. Downloaded 12/30/2015 10:30 AM.

9、Not for additional sale or distribution.ISO 15242-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, e

10、lectronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Ver

11、nier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgCopyright by ISO. Reproduced by ANSI with permission of and under license from ISO. Licensed to committee members for further standardization only. Downloaded 12/30/2015 10:30 AM. Not for additional sale or

12、distribution.ISO 15242-1:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Fundamental concepts . 34.1 Bearing vibration measurement 34.2 Characteristics of an axis of rotation . 44.3 Bearing error motion . 54.4 Bearing vibration 65 Measurement process .

13、 65.1 Basic principle of vibration measurement 65.2 Rotational frequency 65.3 Orientation of bearing rotational axis. 65.4 Bearing load. 75.5 Transducers . 76 Measurement and evaluation methods 76.1 Physical quantity measured. 76.2 Frequency domain . 76.3 Time domain . 76.4 Transducer response and f

14、ilter characteristics 76.5 Method of time-averaging . 96.6 Measurement sequence . 97 Conditions for measurement 107.1 Bearing conditions for measurement . 107.1.1 Prelubricated bearings 107.1.2 Non-prelubricated bearings 107.2 Conditions of the measurement environment 107.3 Conditions for the measur

15、ing device 107.3.1 Stiffness of the spindle/mandrel arrangement 107.3.2 Loading mechanism .107.3.3 Magnitude and alignment of the external load applied to the bearing 107.3.4 Axial location of transducer and direction of measurement 107.3.5 Mandrel . 107.3.6 Others . 118 Calibration and reference ev

16、aluation of the measuring system 118.1 General 118.2 Calibration of the system components 118.3 System performance evaluation 12Annex A (informative) Contact resonance considerations for spring-loaded transducers 13Annex B (informative) Correlation of amplitudes of displacement, velocity and acceler

17、ation .14Annex C (informative) Measurement of radial run-out and axial run-out of the mandrel .15Bibliography .16 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageCopyright by ISO. Reproduced by ANSI with permission of and under license from ISO. Licensed to committee members for further standardization

18、 only. Downloaded 12/30/2015 10:30 AM. Not for additional sale or distribution.ISO 15242-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally car

19、ried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

20、 ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the differe

21、nt approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may b

22、e the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents)

23、.Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles i

24、n the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 4, Rolling bearings.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15242-1:2004), which has been technically revised.ISO 15242 con

25、sists of the following parts, under the general title Rolling bearings Measuring methods for vibration: Part 1: Fundamentals Part 2: Radial ball bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface Part 3: Radial spherical and tapered roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface Part 4: R

26、adial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surfaceiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedCopyright by ISO. Reproduced by ANSI with permission of and under license from ISO. Licensed to committee members for further standardization only. Downloaded 12/30/2015 10:30 AM. Not for additi

27、onal sale or distribution.ISO 15242-1:2015(E)IntroductionVibration in rotating rolling bearings can be of importance as an operating characteristic of such bearings. The vibration can affect the performance of the mechanical system incorporating the bearing and can result in audible noise when the v

28、ibration is transmitted to the environment in which the mechanical system operates, can lead to damages, and can even create health problems.Vibration of rotating rolling bearings is a complex physical phenomenon dependent on the conditions of operation. Measuring the vibration of an individual bear

29、ing under a certain set of conditions does not necessarily characterize the vibration under a different set of conditions or when the bearing becomes part of a larger assembly. Assessment of the audible sound generated by the mechanical system incorporating the bearing is further complicated by the

30、influence of the interface conditions, the location and orientation of the sensing device, and the acoustical environment in which the system operates. Assessment of airborne noise, which for the purpose of this part of ISO 15242 can be defined as any disagreeable and undesired sound, is further com

31、plicated by the subjective nature of the terms disagreeable and undesired. Structure-borne vibration can be considered the driving mechanism that ultimately results in the generation of airborne noise. Only selected methods for the measurement of the structure-borne vibration of rotating rolling bea

32、rings are addressed in the current edition of ISO 15242.This part of ISO 15242 serves to define and specify the physical quantities measured and the general measurement conditions and environment utilized in the measurement of vibration generated by rolling bearings on a measuring device. Based on t

33、his part of ISO 15242, parties to the acceptance inspection of rolling bearings may, by agreement, establish acceptance criteria with which to control bearing vibration.Vibration of rotating rolling bearings can be assessed by a number of means using various types of transducers and measurement cond

34、itions. No simple set of values characterizing the vibration of a bearing is adequate for the evaluation of the vibratory performance in all possible applications. Ultimately, a knowledge of the type of bearing, its application and the purpose of the vibration measuring (e.g. as a manufacturing proc

35、ess diagnostic or an assessment of product quality) is required to select the most suitable method for measuring. The field of application for standards on bearing vibration is therefore not universal. However, certain methods have established a wide enough level of application to be considered as s

36、tandard methods.This part of ISO 15242 serves to define the general principles involved in vibration measurement. It is intended that further parts will specify, in more detail, the methods for assessing vibration of different types of bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface. ISO 2015 All

37、 rights reserved vCopyright by ISO. Reproduced by ANSI with permission of and under license from ISO. Licensed to committee members for further standardization only. Downloaded 12/30/2015 10:30 AM. Not for additional sale or distribution.Copyright by ISO. Reproduced by ANSI with permission of and un

38、der license from ISO. Licensed to committee members for further standardization only. Downloaded 12/30/2015 10:30 AM. Not for additional sale or distribution.Rolling bearings Measuring methods for vibration Part 1: Fundamentals1 ScopeThis part of ISO 15242 specifies measuring methods for vibration o

39、f rotating rolling bearings under established measuring conditions, together with calibration of the related measuring systems.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated referenc

40、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 286-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) IS O code system for tolerances on linear sizes Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit devi

41、ations for holes and shaftsISO 2041:2009, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring VocabularyISO 5593, Rolling bearings Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 5593 and the following apply.3.1error motionundesir

42、ed radial or axial (translational) motion or tilt (angular) motion of an axis of rotation, excluding motions due to changes of temperature or externally applied load3.2vibrationmechanical oscillations about an equilibrium pointNote 1 to entry: The oscillations may be periodic or random.SOURCE: ISO 2

43、041:2009, 2.1, modified3.3transducerdevice designed to convert energy from one form to another in such a manner that the desired characteristics of the input energy appear at the outputNote 1 to entry: The output is usually electrical.Note 2 to entry: The use of the term “pick-up” is deprecated.Note

44、 3 to entry: Examples of types of transducers used in vibration measurement are the following:a) piezoelectric accelerometer;b) piezoresistive accelerometer;INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15242-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1Copyright by ISO. Reproduced by ANSI with permission of and under lice

45、nse from ISO. Licensed to committee members for further standardization only. Downloaded 12/30/2015 10:30 AM. Not for additional sale or distribution.ISO 15242-1:2015(E)c) strain-gauge type accelerometer;d) variable-resistance transducer;e) electrostatic (capacitor/condenser) transducer;f) bonded-wi

46、re (foil) strain-gauge;g) variable-reluctance transducer;h) magnetostriction transducer;i) moving-conductor transducer;j) moving-coil transducer;k) induction transducer;l) laser vibrometer.Note 4 to entry: Other types of transducers such as dynamic force transducers may be used, provided their signa

47、l can be converted to displacement, velocity or acceleration.SOURCE: ISO 2041:2009, 4.1, modified Note 3 to entry and Note 4 to entry have been added.3.4filterwave filteranalogue or digital device for separating oscillations on the basis of their frequency, introducing relatively small attenuation t

48、o wave oscillations in one or more frequency bands and relatively large attenuation to oscillations of other frequencies3.5band-pass filterfilter (3.4) which has a single transmission band extending from a lower cut-off frequency greater than zero to a finite upper cut-off frequency3.6nominal upper

49、and lower cut-off frequenciescut-off frequencyfuppand flownominal frequencies that define the band-pass filter (3.5)3.7root mean square velocityrms velocityvrms(t)square root of the average of squared values of the vibration velocity within a time interval, TNote 1 to entry: Root mean square value can also be used for displacement and acceleration.Note 2 to entry: In the first edition of this part of ISO 15242, root mean square was abbreviated as r.m.s.3.8fundamental periodperiodsmallest increment of time for which a periodic function