1、AGMA 917-B97 (Revision of AGMA 370.01 (1 973) AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Design Manual for Parallel Shaft Fine- Pitch Gearing AGMA INFORMATION SHEET (This Information Sheet is NOT an AGMA Standard) American Gear Manufacturers Association Design Manual for Parallel Shaft Fine- Pitch Gear
2、ing Revision of AGMA 370.01 19731 CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Associati
3、on on the subject matter. Fables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines should read: Extracted from AGMA 91 7-B97, Design Manual for Parallel Shaft Fine-Pitch Gearing, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Associa- tion, 1500 King S
4、treet, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 2231 4.1 AGMA 91 7-897 Approved September 25, 1997 ABSTRACT The rewritten Design Manual for Fine-Pitch Parallel Shaft Gearing is a cookbook style manual on how to design fine-pitch spur and helical gears. All work has been done with an eye towards computerizati
5、on of the equations and the graphs. In addition, the manual contains such specialized subjects as inspection, lubrication, gear load calculation methods, materials, including a wide variety of plastics. Published by American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Vir
6、ginia 22314 Copyright O 1997 by American Gear Manufacturers Association Reprinted June 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States
7、of America ISBN: 1-55589-694-4 ii AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 917-697 Contents Page Foreword . v 2 References 2 3 4 1 Scope 1 Definitions and symbols . 2 Theory of involute gearing . 5 5 Application considerations 17 Design synthesis and analysis 35 Design for control of backlash .
8、53 Gear drawings and specifications 58 Gear tooth tolerances 62 Materials and heat treatment 64 11 Manufacturing methods 70 6 7 8 9 1 O 12 Inspection 72 13 Lubrication . 74 14 Bearings . 77 15 Load rating and testing . 79 Tables 1 2 3 Symbols. terms and units 3 Profile shift coefficients for 20“ pro
9、file angle spur gears . 43 Maximum outside diameter for minimum topland of 0.275/Pnd 44 Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Basicgeometry 6 Principal reference planes . 7 Power transmission by two pulleys and a crossed belt . 8 Involute nomenclature 9 Involute action and speed ratio
10、 independent of center distance 9 A series of small involute cams 10 Time = TI: Second pair of teeth just starting engagement . 10 Time = T2: First pair of teeth just leaving engagement 10 Time = T3: One pair of teeth in contact at pitch point . 11 Two involute curves showing differences in lengths
11、of corresponding arcs . 12 Helixangle . 14 Pitch . 15 Tooth pitches . 15 Planes at a pitch point on a helical tooth . 7 Point on belt generates involute 8 Involute polar angle 13 Principal pitches . 15 Base pitch relationships 16 iii AGMA 917-697 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Figures (cont
12、inued) 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Gear design flowchart 18 Preliminary design flowchart 19 Torquesplit . 20 Speed decreasing gear system 21 Gear train with idler gear . 22 External spur gears 24 Internal spur gear
13、 and external spur pinion 24 External helical gears 25 Spur pinion and face gear 25 Bevel gearing . 26 Crossed helical gears 26 Spurrackand pinion . 27 Contact ratio vs . center distance deviation for 20 degree profile angle gears 28 Worm and wormgear set . 27 Gear tooth as a simple beam 31 Tooth lo
14、ad acting at inscribed parabola . 31 Shaft alignment deviations 33 Standard pitch circle . 36 Transverse pitch 36 Lineofaction . 37 Lineofcontact 37 Transverse backlash is arc PR . arc PQ 38 Undercutteeth 40 Effect of profile shift (addendum modification) . 40 Line of action for external gears . 46
15、Line of action for internal gears 48 Showing angle at which load bears on tooth . 51 Adjustable center distance gearing . 55 Spring loaded center distance gearing 55 Adjustable split gearing . 56 Spring loaded split gearing 56 Composite gearing with elastic element . 57 Spring preloaded gearing (for
16、 limited rotation) . 57 Dual path spring loaded gearing . 58 Contra-rotating input gearing . 58 Graphical representations of typical gear errors 63 Taperedgearing . 57 Profile of 10 tooth. 20 DP. 20“ PA gear tooth with undercut 74 Bibliography 83 iv AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Foreword A
17、GMA 917-697 rhe foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of AGMA Information Sheet 91 7-B97, Design Manual for Parallel Shaft Fine-Pitch Gearing. Although there is a great deal of information about p
18、arallel shaft fine-pitch gearing in the literature, it is widely scattered and a considerable number of areas are not well covered. As a result, this manual has been compiled to provide a central source of the best information available on the design, manufacture and inspection of fine-pitch gearing
19、. This manual is a revision of 370.01, Design Manual for Fine Pitch Gearing, 1973. Additions have been made to the design section to broaden the concepts of gear theory and the gear design process. Omitted from this Manual are wormgears, bevel gearing and face gearing which appeared in the original
20、design manual. This information is available in other AGMA Standards. An important feature of this manual is the bibliography to which the user is referred for additional data in each area. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the American Gear Manufac
21、turers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 2231 4. V AGMA 917-697 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION PERSONNEL of the AGMA Fine Pitch Gearing Committee Chairman: D. E. Bailey RochesterGear, Inc. Editor: D. Castor . Eastman Kodak Company ACTIVE MEMBERS M.K. Anwar Allie
22、d Devices Corporation P. Dean . Retired F. R. Estabrook . Retired I. Laskin . Consultant D.A. McCarroll . The Gleason Works K. Price . Eastman Kodak Company D.Seger . Perry Technology Corporation L.J. Smith . Invincible Gear Company R.E. Smith . R.E. Smith Spur and helical (parallel axis); External,
23、 internal and rack forms. The guidance consists of the following: - of steps; - and recommended practices; - Additional design related material. Description of a design procedure in a series Design information - data values, equations The English system of units is used in this manual. 1 .I Design p
24、rocedure The description of the design procedure covers the following: Establishing proportions of the gears; - - Selecting detailed gear data; - - Controlling backlash; - requirements; - Confirming suitability of the tentative design; Meeting contact ratio and other gear mesh Specifying gear dimens
25、ions and tolerances. 1.2 Design information Information of the following subjects is supplied as required by the design procedure: Analysis of tooth proportions and meshing - conditions; - Inspection; - Gear tooth tolerances; - Gear blank design. 1.3 Additional design related material The following
26、background and supplementary information is also supplied: - Manufacturing methods; - - Lubrication; - Bearings. Gear material and heat treatment; 1.4 Annexes Annex A is a bibliography. 1.5 Limitations The information in this manual is meant to serve only as a guide to the designer of fine-pitch gea
27、rs. It is not intended that it be the procedure which must be followed in the design of such gears, nor is it implied that using the procedures and data will necessarily result in gears that will meet the requirements in every application. It remains the responsibility of the individual designer to
28、properly evaluate the conditions in the particular application and to make use of prior experience or proper testing to confirm the suitability of the design. 1.6 Tooth form (spur and helical gearing, internal and external) The tooth form of the spur and helical gearing considered in this manual is
29、involute. Unless specifically noted, all external spur and helical designs resulting from the procedures discussed in this manual will be conjugate with standard basic racks. See ANWAGMA 1003-G93. 1 AGMA 917-B97 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 2 References The following documents contain pro
30、visions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the manual. At the time of publication, the editions were valid. All publications are subject to revision, and the users of this manual are encour- aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
31、publications listed: AGMA 203.03, Fine-Pitch On-Center Face Gears for 20- Degree Involute Spur Pinions. AG MA 900- F96, Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards, Information Sheets and Editorial Manuals. AGMA 906-A94, Gear Tooth Surface Texture with Functional Considerations. AG MA 908-889, Geo
32、metry Factors for Determin- ing the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth. AGMA 91O-C90, Formats for Fine-Pitch Gear Specification Data. ANWAGMA 11 0.04, Nomenclature of Gear Tooth Failure Modes. ANWAGMA 1003-G93, Tooth Proportions for Fine- Pitch Spur a
33、nd Helical Gearing. ANWAGMA 1 O1 2-F90, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols. ANWAGMA 2000-A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook. ANWAGMA 2001 -C95, FundamentalRating Fac- tors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical Gear Teeth. ANWAGMA 2002-888, Tooth Thickn
34、ess Specifi- cation and Measurement. ANWAGMA 2004-889, Gear Materials and Heat Treatment Manual. ANWAGMA 2005-888, Design Manual for Bevel Gears. ANWAGMA 6034-892, Practice for Enclosed Cylindrical Wormgear Speed Reducers and Gearmotors. ANWAGMA 9005-D94, Industrial Gear Lubrication. ANSVASME 846.1
35、-1 985, Surface Texture. ANSVASME Y14.6-1978 (R1993), Screw Thread Representation, Engineering Dra wing and Related Documentation Practice (reaffirmation and redesignation of ANSVASME Y1 4.6-1 978). 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 Definitions The terms used, wherever applicable, conform to 3.2 Symbols
36、 and terms The symbols and terms used throughout this manual are in basic agreement with the symbols and terms given in AGMA Information Sheet 900-F96, Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards and ANWAGMA Standard 1 O1 2-F90, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols. In all cases, t
37、he first time that each symbol is introduced, it is defined and discussed in detail. NOTE: The symbols and definitions used in this stan- dard may differ from other AGMA standards. The user should not assume that familiar symbols can be used without a careful study of their definitions. Throughout t
38、his manual, the term pinion refers to the member of the meshing pair with the smaller number of teeth without regard to which member is driving. The term gear, as part of a meshing pair, refers to the member with the larger number of teeth. ANSI/AGMA 1 O1 2-F90. In order to avoid confusion and to ac
39、hieve consis- tency, any symbol that is applicable to a specific member, pinion or gear, is given the subscript P for pinion and subscript G for gear. The subscript n is used to distinguish the normal plane from the transverse plane. The subscript t is used to distinguish the transverse plane in tho
40、se situations when confusion with the normal plane might occur. Any symbol not specifically designated by a sub- script n is assumed to be in the transverse plane. The subscripts p, i, b and O represent the terms at the operating diameter, inside diameter, base diameter and outside diameter respecti
41、vely. The symbols and terms, along with the clause numbers where they are first discussed, are listed in alphabetical order by symbol in table 1. 2 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 917-B97 Table 1 - Symbols, terms and units Terms Addendum of the cutter Transverse backlash (backlash in th
42、e transverse plane) Backlash along the line of action Transverse backlash due to change in center distance Minimum backlash for spur gears Normal backlash (backlash in the normal plane) Minimum backlash for helical gears Operating center distance Nominal center distance Standard center distance Clea
43、rance at the root of the gear Minimum clearance at the root Clearance at the root of the pinion Base diameter of the gear Base diameter of the pinion Standard pitch diameter of the gear Inside diameter of the gear Outside diameter of the gear Outside diameter of the pinion Standard pitch diameter of
44、 the pinion Root diameter of the gear Root diameter of the pinion Operating pitch diameter of the gear Operating pitch diameter of the pinion Youngs modulus of the gear Youngs modulus of the pinion Roll angle at the start of active profile for the gear Roll angle at the start of active profile for t
45、he pinion Face width Geometry factor Dynamic factor Length of approach Length of recess Face contact ratio Gear ratio Transverse contact ratio Number of teeth Number of teeth on the gear Number of teeth on the pinion Transverse diametral pitch Normal diametral pitch Normal base pitch Transverse base
46、 pitch Units inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches inches psi psi degrees degrees inches inches inches 1 /inch 1 /inch 1 /inch 1 /inch Reference 6.8.1 6.3.9.1 6.3.9.3 6.3.9.1 7.
47、2.1 6.3.9.2 7.2.1 6.3.1 6.5.1 6.2.8 6.8.2 6.8.2 6.8.2 6.2.4 6.2.4 6.2.2 6.5.2 6.5.2 6.5.2 6.2.2 6.8.1 6.8.1 6.3.5 6.3.5 6.9.6 6.9.6 6.7.3 6.7.3 6.9.5 6.9.5 6.9.5 5.7.4 5.7.4 5.7.7 5.3.2 5.7.6.1 5.5.1 5.5.1 5.5.1 3.2.1 4.3 4.2.7 3.2.6 (continued, 3 AGMA 917-B97 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
48、 Table 1 (continued) Terms Transverse circular pitch AGMA quality number (5 to 15) Radius at the start of active profile of the gear Radius at the start of active profile of the pinion Base radius of the gear Base radius of the pinion Standard pitch radius of the gear Inside radius of the gear Outsi
49、de radius of the gear Outside radius of the pinion Standard pitch radius of the pinion Root radius of the gear Root radius of the pinion Torque Normal circular tooth thickness at the standard pitch diameter of the gear Normal circular tooth thickness at the standard pitch diameter of the pinion Normal circular tooth thickness at the inside diameter of the gear Transverse circular tooth thickness at the inside diameter of the gear Normal circular tooth thickness at the outside diameter of the gear Normal circular tooth thickness at the outside diameter of the pinion Transverse circular too
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