AHRI 1271 SI-2015 Requirements for Seismic Qualification of HVACR Equipment.pdf

1、 2015 Standard for Requirements for Seismic Qualification of HVACR Equipment AHRI Standard 1271 (SI) Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2015, by Air-Conditioning Heating and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER

2、 AHRI does not set safety standards nor does it certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed an

3、d operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. AHRI does not certify or guar

4、antee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Note: This standard supersedes the 2013 version. For I-P ratings, see AHRI Standard 1270 (I-P)-2015. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1. Purpose . 1 Section 2. Scope 1 Section 3. Definitions 1 Section 4.

5、Symbols 4 Section 5. Equipment 4 Section 6. Seismic Demand . 8 Section 7. Seismic Capacity of Equipment by Analysis 2 Section 8. Seismic Capacity of Equipment by Testing 3 Section 9. Report Requirements 2 Section 10. Seismic Rating of Equipment . 3 TABLES Table 1. Seismic Performance Level; Function

6、ality (per ASCE 7 Section 13.2.2) . 6 Table 2. Seismic Performance Level; Structural Integrity (per ASCE 7 Section 13.2.1) 7 Table 3. Load Combinations . 12 Table 4. Analytical Procedures 3 Table 5. Functional Requirements For Designated Seismic Systems 15 Table 6. Allowable Minor Damage States for

7、Designated Seismic Systems 16 Table 7. Allowable Minor Damage States for Components of Designated Seismic System Equipment 17 APPENDICIES Appendix A. References Normative . 2 Appendix B. References Informative . 23 Appendix C. ASCE 7 Commentary C13 Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Compo

8、nents -Infomative . 25 Appendix D. Seismic Design of Liquid Storage Tanks-Informative 26 Appendix E. Software Validation-Normative . 28 FIGURES Figure 1. Qualification Flowchart.5 Figure 2. RRS, Normalized For Equipment 8 AHRI STANDARD 1271 (SI)-2015 1 REQUIREMENTS FOR SEISMIC QUALIFICATION OF HVACR

9、 EQUIPMENT Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to define the requirements for seismic qualification of mechanical HVACR Equipment. The 2012 International Building Code (IBC) includes a number of provisions for seismic design and certification of nonstructural components.

10、These provisions are intended to improve the performance of non-essential and essential nonstructural systems subject to strong ground shaking. Both the IBC and the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard SEI/ASCE 7 (ASCE 7) contain requirements for qualification of Equipment. Section 2. Scope

11、2.1 Scope. This standard applies to the following Equipment: Fan Coil Units, Unit Ventilators, Air Handling Units, Coils, Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers, Vertical Packaged Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, Packaged Terminal Equipment, Dehumidifiers, Flow and Contaminant Controls, Furnaces, Humidifiers, L

12、iquid Chillers, Thermal Storage Equipment, Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (including Ductless Equipment), and Water-Source Heat Pumps. This standard does not apply to any other products. This standard describes the methods for equipment qualification and the process to determine equipment S

13、eismic Capacity. The applicability of this standard to equipment not specifically listed in the scope has not been considered. Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document shall follow the standard industry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Terminology website (https:/www.ashrae.org/

14、resources-publications/free-resources/ashrae-terminology) or the International Code Council Evaluation Services (ICC-ES) Acceptance Criteria AC156 (AC156), unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Active Component. A component or sub-assembly that is critical to the functional performance of th

15、e equipment that includes moving or rotating parts, electrical parts such as switches or relays, or other internal component that is sensitive to earthquake forces. Examples of Active Components include: fans, variable frequency drives, control panels, and damper assemblies. 3.2 Active Equipment. Eq

16、uipment that contains Active Components. 3.3 Allowable Stress Design (ASD). A comparison of the stresses in the connections/elements defined in the Equipment Force-Resisting System (EFRS) determined by analysis from the effects of design loads to the allowable stresses for the material used in the E

17、FRS. 3.4 Attachments. The devices or hardware used to secure or restrain the Equipment to the building structure. Attachments or restraints of the Equipment include anchor bolting, welded connections and mechanical fasteners. 3.5 Attachment Point. The point at which the Equipment is connected to the

18、 building structure. This connection point is designed to transfer seismic forces between the structure and the Equipment. 3.6 Certificate of Compliance. A certificate stating the Seismic Capacity of Equipment determined using methods of this standard. AHRI STANDARD 1271 (SI)-2015 2 3.7 Certificatio

19、n Response Spectrum (CRS). For shake table testing, certification will be performed based on a Required Response Spectrum (RRS) which determines the input motion at the equipment attachment. For this application, the CRS is the RRS. For dynamic analysis certification of Equipment, the CRS defines th

20、e forcing function in terms of octaves used by the analysis program to define the input of motion at the equipment attachment. The CRS constitutes the Seismic Capacity of the Equipment if it satisfies the acceptance criteria as defined in this standard. 3.8 Component. Devices that can be individuall

21、y qualified per this standard and joined with other Pre-Qualified Components or EFRS qualified separately for multi-component Equipment such as motors, coils, fans, valves, dampers, and etc. 3.9 Component Amplification Factor. A factor for a component that is not attached to the Equipments substruct

22、ure at the base, but somewhere above in the unit. The unit may have some internal amplification because of the response to the dynamic forcing functions. For example, a fan on top of a cooling tower may see higher seismic shaking than if it was attached to the base. This higher demand must be define

23、d so the fan (Component) will need to have a higher capacity in order for the cooling tower itself to be rated at the demand at the attachment point. 3.10 Damping. Energy dissipation mechanism that reduces amplification and broadens the vibratory response. Damping is expressed as a percentage of cri

24、tical Damping applied near the natural frequency of the Equipment. 3.11 Design Earthquake. The earthquake effects that are two-thirds of the corresponding maximum considered earthquake effects. 3.12 Designated Seismic System. The architectural, electrical and mechanical systems and their Equipment a

25、nd components that require design in accordance with Chapter 13 of ASCE 7 and for which the importance factor, Ip, is equal to 4 in accordance with Section 13.1.3 of ASCE 7. 3.13 Equipment. Products manufactured to perform HVACR functions. These products are manufactured by combining components with

26、 an EFRS. In context of this standard, these products are evaluated to determine the maximum Seismic Demand that the HVACR Equipment will survive or function following a seismic event. 3.14 Equipment Qualified by Test (EQT). Equipment identified to be qualified by shake table test. 3.15 Equipment Fo

27、rce-Resisting System (EFRS). A system of elements within the Equipment that include brackets, braces, frames, and struts that provides the seismic load path transmitting seismic forces to the equipment Attachment Points. 3.16 Flexible Equipment. Equipment, including its attachment and force-resistin

28、g structural system, that has a fundamental period greater than 0.06 second (frequency less than 16.67 Hz). 3.17 Functional Requirements. High level actions that the Equipment must achieve that define the Equipment to be functional. 3.18 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Comparison of the lo

29、ad on the connections/elements defined in the EFRS determined by analysis from the effects of design loads to the allowable strength for the configuration of the connection and material used in the EFRS. 3.19 Performance Requirements. Parameters that can be measured such as pressure, revolutions per

30、 minute (RPM), flow rates, and physical dimensions. The Performance Requirements are measured before and after a shake table test and must be equivalent or within tolerance for the functional requirements to be met. 3.20 Pre-Qualified Component. Active or energized components seismically pre-qualifi

31、ed to a specific g-level used in multi-component Equipment. AHRI STANDARD 1271 (SI)-2015 3 3.21 Required Response Spectrum (RRS). The response spectrum as defined by AC156 to create the required demand on the Equipment. The response spectrum is generated from formulas available in AC156 and is used

32、as the Seismic Capacity in the certification of Equipment. 3.22 Rigid Equipment. Equipment, including its Attachments and EFRS, that has a fundamental period less than or equal to 0.06 second (frequency greater than or equal to 16.67 Hz). 3.23 Rugged Component. Component judged to survive a design e

33、arthquake motion without Significant Loss of Function and qualified by engineering judgment such that the Component does not require further testing or analysis. 3.24 Rugged Equipment. A nonstructural component that has been shown to consistently function after design earthquake level or greater sei

34、smic events based on past earthquake experience data or past seismic testing when adequately anchored or supported. The classification of a nonstructural component as rugged shall be based on a comparison of the specific component with components of similar strength and stiffness. Common examples of

35、 rugged components include: AC motors, compressors and base mounted horizontal pumps. 3.25 Seismic Capacity. The maximum analytical or test acceleration at which the Equipment can satisfy the performance criteria as defined in Section 5. 3.26 Seismic Demand. Seismic forces resulting from ground moti

36、on that are defined in the IBC. The maximum design acceleration of the seismic forces is the demand. The Seismic Demand can be a single value that corresponds to the maximum value of the RRS. 3.27 “Shall,“ “Should,“ “Recommended,“ or “It Is Recommended.“ “Shall,“ “should,“ “recommended,“ or “it is r

37、ecommended“ shall be interpreted as follows: 3.27.1 Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. 3.27.2 Should, Recommended, or It Is Recommended. “Should,“ “recommended,“ or “it is recommended“ is used

38、 to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice. 3.28 Significant Loss of Function. The functional state of Equipment or Components that cannot be restored in a timely fashion to their original function by competent technicians after a design earthquake motio

39、n because the Equipment or Components require parts that are not normally stocked locally or not readily available. 3.29 Test Response Spectrum (TRS). The acceleration response spectrum developed by the motion of the shake table to provide an input motion that simulates an earthquake for the qualifi

40、cation of Equipment. This motion is created to develop the CRS at the equipment attachment point. The TRS shall envelope the RRS with limited exceptions. 3.30 Transmissibility. A non-dimensional ratio that defines the force amplitude factor of load path in the EFRS in terms of steady-state forced vi

41、bration. The ratio may be expressed in terms of force, displacement, velocity, or acceleration and is used to characterize resonant modes of structural vibration. 3.31 Zero Period Acceleration (ZPA). The maximum peak acceleration used to derive a specific applied time history spectrum (the peak acce

42、leration AFLXis greater than the ZPA). AHRI STANDARD 1271 (SI)-2015 4 Section 4. Symbols 4.1 Symbols. The following symbols are used in this document. Refer to ASCE 7 and AC156 for additional information. AFLX-H= The probable maximum horizontal spectral acceleration that Flexible Equipment will expe

43、rience in a seismic event defined by AC156. AFLX-V= The probable maximum vertical spectral acceleration that Flexible Equipment will experience in a seismic event defined by AC156. ap= In-structure equipment amplification factor. The aprepresents a comparison of the equipments natural frequency to t

44、he fundamental frequencyof the building structure as determined in ASCE 7 Section 13.6-1. ARIG-H= Horizontal spectral acceleration that Rigid Equipment will experience in a seismic event defined by AC156. ARIG-V= Vertical spectral acceleration that Rigid Equipment will experience in a seismic event

45、defined by AC156. D = Dead Load as used in the load combination formulas. F = Load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights. Fp= An equivalent horizontal static force that represents the dynamic accelerations of a seismic event used in the prescriptive method identified by ASCE

46、7 Section 13.3.1. The horizontal seismic design force is applied at the equipments center of gravity. H = Load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure or pressure of bulk materials. h = Average building/structure roof height with respect to grade as defined in ASCE 7 Section 13.3.1. Ip=

47、 Equipment importance factor. Iprepresents the life-safety importance factor of the Equipment or Component as defined in ASCE 7 Section 13.1.3. L = Live load. =Redundancy factor based on the extent of structural redundancy present in a structure as defined in ASCE 7, Section 12.3.4. = 1.0 for nonstr

48、uctural components. QE= Earthquake Load as used in the load combination formulas. Rp= Equipment response modification factor. Rprepresents the capability of the Equipment and attachment to absorb energy, as defined in ASCE 7 Section 13.6.1. S = Snow load. SDS = Design spectral response acceleration

49、at short period (0.2 secs), as determined in ASCE 7 Section 11.4.4. Wp= Equipment operating weight, including all contents, as defined in ASCE 7 Section 13.3.1. z = Height of the equipment attachment to the structure with respect to grade (ground level) as defined in ASCE 7 Section 13.3.1. For items at or below grade, z shall be 0.0 and not negative. Section 5. Equipment 5.1 Applicability. Equipment shall be seismically qualified per the requirements contained in this standard. The qualification processes are shown in