AHRI 540-2004 Performance Rating Of Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors And Compressor Units.pdf

1、 ANSI/AHRI Standard 540 (formerly ARI Standard 540) 2004 Standard For Performance Rating Of Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors And Compressor Units Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2004, by Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United St

2、ates Patent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS ARI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommende

3、d that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. ARI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-ar

4、t and accepted industry practices. ARI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Note: This standard supersedes ARI Standard 540-99. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose 1 Section 2. Scope . 1 Section 3

5、. Definitions 1 Section 4. Test Requirements 3 Section 5. Rating Requirements . 3 Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings . 3 Section 7. Operating Requirements . 7 Section 8. Marking and Nameplate Data . 7 Section 9. Conformance Conditions 7 TABLES Table 1. Standard Rating Conditi

6、ons for Compressors and Compressor Units for Commercial Refrigeration Applications 5 Table 2. Standard Rating Conditions for Compressors and Compressor Units Used In Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 6 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative 8 Appendix B. References - Informative. 8 Appendix C.

7、Method to Handle Zeotropic Mixtures - Informative . 9 FIGURES Figure C1. Cycle Process for Single Component Refrigerants and Azeotropic Mixtures 9 Figure C2. Cycle Process for Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures . 10 Figure C3. Definitions of Subcooling and Superheating . 11ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2004 1

8、PERFORMANCE RATING OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT REFRIGERANT COMPRESSORS AND COMPRESSOR UNITS Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish, for single and variable capacity positive displacement refrigerant compressors and compressor units: definitions; test requirements;

9、rating requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; operating requirements; marking and nameplate data and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors and users. 1.1.2

10、Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to electric motor driven, single and variable capacity positive displacement refrigerant compressors and compressor units. This standard also applies to th

11、e presentation of performance data for positive displacement refrigerant compressors and compressor units for air-cooled, evaporatively-cooled or water-cooled air-conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration applications. 2.1.1 Refrigerant. The rating points in this standard are based on commonly used

12、refrigerants. 2.2 Exclusions. 2.2.1 This standard does not apply to compressors and compressor units employing ammonia, as covered in ARI Standard 510. 2.2.2 This standard does not apply to compressors and compressor units intended for use in: a. Household refrigerators and freezers b. Automotive ai

13、r-conditioners c. Dehumidifiers Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document will follow the standard industry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Compressor or Compres

14、sor Unit Efficiency. The efficiency is defined by the following equation: = 100 m C (h2s- h1) / P where: m = mass flow of volatile refrigerant, lb/h kg/s h1= specific enthalpy of the refrigerant vapor entering the compressor or compressor unit, Btu/lb kJ/kg h2s= specific enthalpy of the refrigerant

15、vapor at the discharge pressure and the specific entropy of the refrigerant vapor entering the compressor or compressor unit, Btu/lb kJ/kg C = 0.2931 W/Btu/h 1.0 kW/kJ/s ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2004 2 P = measured motor input power, W kW = compressor or compressor unit efficiency, %. 3.2 Positive Dis

16、placement Refrigerant Compressor. A compressor in which an increase in vapor pressure is attained by changing the internal volume of the compression chamber. 3.2.1 Hermetic Refrigerant Motor-Compressor. A compressor and motor assembly, both of which are enclosed in the same housing, with the motor o

17、perating in the refrigerant. 3.3 Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressor Unit. A Positive Displacement Compressor with accessories, such as strainers, service valves, check valves, suction filters, oil separators, as provided by the manufacturer. This will also include variable capacity control

18、s, electronic or electro-mechanical, as supplied or specified by the manufacturer. 3.3.1 External-Drive Refrigerant Compressor Unit. An External-Drive Refrigerant Compressor with motor mounted on a structural base and with accessories as provided by the manufacturer. 3.3.2 Hermetic Refrigerant Motor

19、-Compressor Unit. A Hermetic Refrigerant Motor-Compressor with accessories as provided by the manufacturer. 3.4 Power Input. The power required from the incoming power source for the compressor(s) only, not including the power required for capacity control of the compressor or compressor unit includ

20、ing the oil heaters, motor starters, unloaders, frequency converters and other controls as specified by the manufacturer, expressed in WkW. 3.5 Published Rating. A statement of the assigned values of those performance characteristics, under stated rating conditions, by which a unit may be chosen to

21、fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal size and type (identification) produced by the same manufacturer. The term Published Rating includes the rating of all performance characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, advertising or other literature co

22、ntrolled by the manufacturer, at stated rating conditions. 3.5.1 Application Rating. A rating based on tests performed at application Rating Conditions (other than Standard Rating Conditions). 3.5.2 Standard Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Standard Rating Conditions. 3.6 Rating Conditio

23、ns. Any set of operating conditions under which a single level of performance results and which causes only that level of performance to occur. 3.6.1 Standard Rating Conditions. Rating conditions used as the basis of comparison for performance characteristics. 3.7 Refrigerating Capacity. The capacit

24、y associated with the increase in total enthalpy between the liquid refrigerant entering the expansion valve and superheated return gas multiplied by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. 3.7.1 Maximum Capacity. The highest displacement capacity by the compressor or compressor unit expressed in ft3

25、/min m3/sec. 3.7.2 Minimum Capacity. The lowest displacement capacity obtainable by the compressor or compressor unit expressed in ft3/min m3/sec. 3.8 “Shall“ or “Should,“ shall be interpreted as follows: 3.8.1 Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision is

26、mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. 3.8.2 Should. “Should“ is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory, but which are desirable as good practice. _ ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2004 3 Section 4. Test Requirements 4.1 Test Requirements. All Published Ratings shall be verified b

27、y tests conducted in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 23. Section 5. Rating Requirements 5.1 Standard Ratings. The Standard Ratings of a compressor or compressor unit shall consist of standard mass flow ratings, lb/h kg/s identified at the Standard Rating Conditions, plus its associated Power Input r

28、ating WkW and efficiency rating, percent, when tested as specified by the manufacturer. 5.1.1 Standard Rating of a Commercial Refrigerating Compressor or Compressor Unit. The rating when operated under one of the Standard Rating Conditions presented in Table 1. 5.1.2 Standard Rating of a Compressor

29、and Compressor Unit Used in an Air-Conditioner or Heat Pump. The ratings when operated under one of the Standard Rating Conditions presented in Table 2. 5.2 Application Ratings of Compressor and Compressor Units. Application Ratings shall consist of a mass flow rating and associated Power Input rati

30、ng when tested at stated conditions other than those presented in Table 1 or 2, as specified by the manufacturer. 5.3 Nameplate Voltages for Rating. Rating tests shall be performed at the nameplate rated voltage and frequency. For dual nameplate voltage ratings, rating tests shall be performed at bo

31、th voltages, or at the higher of the two voltages, if only a single rating is to be published. 5.4 Tolerances. To comply with this standard, measured test results shall not be less than 95% of Published Ratings for capacity and energy efficiency and power input shall be no more than 105% of the rate

32、d values. Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings 6.1 Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings. As a minimum, Published Ratings shall include all Standard Ratings. All claims to ratings within the scope of this standard shall include the statement “Rated in accordance with

33、ARI Standard 540”. All claims to ratings outside the scope of this standard shall include the statement “Outside the scope of ARI Standard 540”. Wherever Application Ratings are published or printed, they shall include a statement of the conditions at which the ratings apply. 6.2 Tabular Data. Gener

34、al performance data, covering the operational spectrum of the equipment, shall be presented in tabular form within defined accuracies and ranges of operation. The tables shall include: a. Suction dew point temperature range, F C b. Discharge dew point temperature range, F C c. Applicable superheat,

35、F C d. Power Input, W W e. Compressor or Compressor Unit Efficiency, percent f. Refrigerant mass flow rate, lb/h kg/s g. Current, A A h. Refrigerant designation per ASHRAE Standard 34 The manufacturers tabular data shall be based on data obtained from tests performed or calculated by whatever means

36、or methods deemed necessary at conditions within the range of application usage specified in 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3 or 6.3.4. 6.3 Data to be Reported. The tabular data shall be reported at the following conditions for the compressor or compressor unit application usage intended. The extreme ends of the

37、 tabular data may be omitted and not reported due to limits of acceptable ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2004 4 operation of the compressor or compressor unit as determined by the manufacturer. 6.3.1 Air-Conditioning (including heat pumps): -10F to 55F -23C to 13C suction dew point temperature in 5F 3C incr

38、ements 80F to 140F 27C to 60C discharge dew point temperature in 10F 5.6C increments Return gas temperature per Table 2 6.3.2 High Temperature (water coolers and walk-in coolers, for example): 20F to 50F -7C to 10C suction dew point temperature in 5F 3C increments 80F to 140F 27C to 60C discharge de

39、w point temperature in 10F 5.6C increments Return gas temperature per Table 1 6.3.3 Medium Temperature (display cases, for example): -10F to 32F -23C to 0C suction dew point temperature in 5F 3C increments 80F to 140F 27C to 60C discharge dew point temperature in 10F 5.6C increments Return gas tempe

40、rature per Table 1 6.3.4 Low Temperature (freezer cases, for example): -40F to 10F -40C to -12C suction dew point temperature in 5F 3C increments 80F to 140F 27C to 60C discharge dew point temperature in 10F 5.6C increments Return gas temperature per Table 1 6.4 Polynomial Equation. The polynomial e

41、quation that shall be used to represent the tabular data is a third degree equation of ten coefficients in the form of: X = C1 +C2 (S) + C3 D +C4 (S2) + C5 (SD) + C6 (D2) + C7 (S3) + C8 (DS2) +C9 (SD2) + C10 (D3) 1 where: C = Equation coefficient, represents compressor performance S = Suction dew po

42、int temperature, F C D = Discharge dew point temperature, F C X can represent any of the following variables: Power Input, W or kW kW Mass flow rate, lb/h kg/s Current, A A Compressor or Compressor Unit Efficiency _ ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2004 5 Table 1. Standard Rating Conditions for Compressors an

43、d Compressor Units for Commercial Refrigeration Applications (Based on 95F 35C Ambient Temperature) Suction Dew Point Temperature Compressor Type Discharge Dew Point Temperature Return Gas Temperature Subcooling F C F C F C F C 45 7.2 All 130 54.4 65 18 15 8.3 20 -6.7 All* 120 48.9 40/65* 4.4/18* 0

44、0 -10 -23 Hermetic 120 48.9 40 4.4 0 0 -25 -32 All* 105 40.6 40/65* 4.4/18* 0 0 -40 -40 All* 105 40.6 40/65* 4.4/18* 0 0 Note: If airflow across the compressor is used to determine ratings, it shall be specified by the compressor manufacturer. * 1) For hermetic type compressors, 40F 4.4C return gas

45、temperature shall be used. 2) For external drive and accessible hermetic type compressors, 65F 18C return gas temperature shall be used. ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2004 _ 6 Table 2. Standard Rating Conditions for Compressors and Compressor Units Used In Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (Based on 95F 35C

46、Temperature Surrounding Compressor-See Notes 1 and 3) Rating Test Point Intended Use Suction Dew Point Temperature Discharge Dew Point Temperature Return Gas Temperature Capacity Setting (Note 2) F C F C F C A Air Source (Cooling) 45 7.2 130 54.4 65 18 MAX. B Air Source (Cooling) 45 7.2 115 46.1 65

47、18 MAX. C Air Source (Cooling 120F 48.9C discharge dew point temperature for compressors and compressor units for water cooled applications. c. Superheated return gas temperature shall be no lower than 65F 18C. Section 8. Marking and Nameplate Data 8.1 Compressor Electrical Marking. As a minimum, th

48、e voltage, phase, frequency, and locked-rotor current of all motors furnished as part of the compressor shall be clearly marked on the nameplate. Nameplate voltages for 60 Hertz systems shall include one or more of the utilization voltages shown in Table 1 of ARI Standard 110. Nameplate voltages for 50 Hertz systems shall include one or more of the equipment nameplate voltages shown in Table 1 of IEC Standard 60038. 8.2 Compressor Unit Nameplate Marking. As a minimum,