AHRI 540-2015 Performance Rating of Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors and Compressor Units.pdf

1、 JOINT CANADA - US NATIONAL STANDARD CAN/ANSI/AHRI 540-2015, Performance Rating of Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors and Compressor Units Established timeline for review: A revision is scheduled to be released within five years of the publication date. National Standard of Canada A Natio

2、nal Standard of Canada is a standard developed by an SCC-accredited Standards Development Organization (SDO), and approved by the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), in accordance with SCCs: Requirements and Guidance-Accreditation for Standards Development Organizations, and Requirements for Guidance

3、-Approval of National Standards of Canada Designation. More information on National Standard requirements can be found at www.scc.ca. An SCC-approved standard reflects the consensus of a number of experts whose collective interests provide, to the greatest practicable extent, a balance of representa

4、tion of affected stakeholders. National Standards of Canada are intended to make a significant and timely contribution to the Canadian interest. SCC is a Crown corporation within the portfolio of Industry Canada. With the goal of enhancing Canadas economic competitiveness and social well-being, SCC

5、leans and facilitates the development and use of national and international standards. SCC also coordinates Canadian participation in standards development, and identifies strategies to advance Canadian standardization efforts. Accreditation services are provided by SCC to various customers, includi

6、ng product certifiers, testing laboratories, and standards development organizations. A list of SCC programs and accredited bodies is publicly available at www.scc.ca. Users should always obtain the latest edition of a National Standard of Canada from the standards development organization responsib

7、le for its publication, as these documents are subject to periodic review. The responsibility for approving standards as NSCs rests with: Standards Council of Canada 600-55 Metcalfe Street Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5, Canada CETTE NORME NATIONALE DU CANADA EST DISPONIBLE EN VERSIONS FRANAISE ET ANGLAISE. It

8、is the responsibility of the user to judge the suitability of this National Standard of Canada for his/her purpose. International Classification for Standards (ICS) number: 23.140 AHRI Contact Information: 2111 Wilson Blvd. Suite 500 Arlington, Virginia 22201 Phone: 703-524-8800 Fax: 703-562-1942 Em

9、ail: dabbateahrinet.org This standard was approved as a Joint Canada - United States National Standard by the Standards Council of Canada. To purchase the standard please contact Daniel Abbate at dabbateahrinet.org. Technical Committee for AHRI Standard 540 Participant Interest Category Classificati

10、on Ronald Beaulne Bitzer Canada Producer Vince Zolli National Refrigeration and A/C Canada Corp. Producer Matthew B. Williams Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers General Interest Duane P. Brown American Petroleum Institute General Interest Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2015, by Air-

11、Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, i

12、nstalled or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guid

13、eline. AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Notes: This standard supersedes AHRI Stand

14、ard 540-2004. This standard was approved by ANSI on: 3/20/2016. This standard is suitable for third party certification. It is the responsibility of the user to select its preferred units of measure. Foreword The following are significant changes made in this update: 1) Move away from standard ratin

15、gs and work primarily with published ratings a. Ratings from coefficients are primary source b. Old tables of standard rating conditions would be included in appendix for reference c. Manufacturers can continue to publish information at specific points of interest 2) Different uncertainties for diff

16、erent parts of the Application Envelope a. High Temperature b. Medium Temperature c. Low Temperature 3) More specific information to help with the development of ratings and the verification of the ratings a. Adding statistical aspect to uncertainties b. Incorporation of more specific information on

17、 uncertainty 4) Specific guidelines for initial estimates of performance at different superheat values TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose 1 Section 2. Scope . 1 Section 3. Definitions. 1 Section 4. Test Requirements. 3 Section 5. Rating Requirements . 3 Section 6. Minimum Data Require

18、ments for Published Ratings 7 Section 7. Operating Requirements . 8 Section 8. Marking and Nameplate Data . 8 Section 9. Conformance Conditions 8 TABLES Table 1 (I-P). Reference Rating Conditions 4 Table 2 (I-P). Application Envelope for the Rating Uncertainties 4 Table 1 (SI). Reference Rating Cond

19、itions 5 Table 2 (SI). Application Envelope for the Rating Uncertainties 6 Table 3. Rating Uncertainty Limits for the Verification of Published Ratings . 6 FIGURES Figure 1 (I-P). Application Envelope for the Rating Uncertainties, with Reference Rating Conditions Shown (Table 1 (I-P) 5 Figure 1 (SI)

20、. Application Envelope for the Rating Uncertainties, with Reference Rating Conditions Shown (Table 1 (SI) . 6 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative 9 Appendix B. References - Informative . 10 Appendix C. Method to Handle Zeotropic Mixtures - Informative 11 Appendix D. Superheat Correction -

21、Informative. 15 Appendix E. Historical Rating Conditions - Informative . 16 Appendix F. Verification of Published Ratings for Batches of Equipment - Informative . 18 FIGURES FOR APPENDICES Figure C1. Cycle Process for Single Component Refrigerants and Azeotropic Mixtures 11 Figure C2. Cycle Process

22、for Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures 12 Figure C3. Definitions of Subcooling and Superheating 13 TABLES FOR APPENDICES Table E1. Historical Rating Conditions for Compressors Used in Commercial Refrigeration Applications (Based on 95F, 35C Ambient Temperature Surrounding the Compressor)16 Table E2. His

23、torical Rating Conditions for Compressors Used In Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (Based on 95F, 35C Ambient Temperature Surrounding the Compressor) . 17 Table F1. Rating Uncertainty Limits for the Verification of Published Ratings of Batches of Equipment . 19 Table F2. Total Standard Deviations Ass

24、ociated with the Rating Uncertainty Limits for the Verification of Published Ratings of Batches of Equipment . 19 Table F3. Acceptance Criteria for the Verification of Published Ratings Using a Sample Size of 1 19 Table F4. Acceptance Criteria for the Verification of Published Ratings Using a Sample

25、 Size of 3 20 CAN/ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2015 1 PERFORMANCE RATING OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT REFRIGERANT COMPRESSORS AND COMPRESSOR UNITS Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish, for Compressors: definitions, test requirements, rating requirements, minimum data re

26、quirements for Published Ratings, operating requirements, marking and nameplate data, and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors and users. The standard defines the minimum amount o

27、f information, in a standard form to enable the evaluation and comparison of different Compressors for use in a particular application. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to positive d

28、isplacement refrigerant Compressors operating in subcritical applications at a fixed displacement. This standard also applies to the presentation of performance data for Compressors for air-cooled, evaporative-cooled or water-cooled air-conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration applications. The man

29、ufacturer is solely responsible for the determination of values to be used in published product information. This standard stipulates the minimum amount of information to be provided and suggests a method to be used to verify the accuracy of that information. 2.2 Exclusions. 2.2.1 This standard does

30、 not apply to Compressors employing ammonia, as covered in ANSI/AHRI Standard 510 or carbon dioxide in subcritical and transcritical applications, as covered in ANSI/AHRI Standard 570 (I-P) and ANSI/AHRI Standard 571 (SI). 2.2.2 This standard does not apply to modulated refrigerant mass flow Compres

31、sors or Compressors utilizing vapor injection for the purpose of subcooling to gain capacity. 2.2.3 This standard does not apply to Compressors intended for use in: 2.2.3.1 Household refrigerators and freezers 2.2.3.2 Automotive air-conditioners 2.2.3.3 Dehumidifiers 2.2.3.4 Industrial products othe

32、r than heating and cooling Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document will follow the standard industry definitions in the ASHRAE Terminology website (https:/www.ashrae.org/resources-publications/free-resources/ashrae-terminology) unless otherwise defined in this section. CAN/ANSI/AHRI STANDA

33、RD 540-2015 2 3.1 Batch of Equipment. A number of Compressors intended to perform the same function, produced in quantity, manufactured to the same technical specifications and characterized by the same Published Rating. 3.2 Compressor. A positive displacement machine in which an increase in refrige

34、rant vapor pressure is attained by changing the internal volume of the compression chamber through work applied to the compressors mechanism. This may or may not include other accessories required to sustain operation of the Compressor at the rating conditions. Types of Compressors include Hermetic

35、Refrigerant Compressors, Semi-hermetic Refrigerant Compressors, and Open Type Refrigerant Compressors. Note: Accessories might include fans, liquid receivers, desuperheaters, strainers, service valves, check valves, suction filters, lubricant separators, motor starters, and unloaders, as supplied or

36、 specified by the compressor manufacturer. 3.2.1 Hermetic Refrigerant Compressor. A Compressor and motor assembly, both of which are contained within a gas tight housing that is permanently sealed by welding, or brazing with no access for servicing internal parts in the field. 3.2.2 Open Type Refrig

37、erant Compressor. A Compressor with a shaft or other moving part extending through its casing to be driven by an outside source of power thus requiring a shaft seal or equivalent rubbing contact between fixed and moving parts. 3.2.3 Semi-hermetic Refrigerant Compressor. A Compressor and motor assemb

38、ly contained within a gas-tight housing that is sealed by gasketed joints to provide access for servicing internal parts. 3.3 Performance Factor. Performance factor shall be computed as a ratio of capacity to power input at specified operating conditions. The potential forms of the performance facto

39、r include, but are not limited to, the energy efficiency ratio (EER) in Btu/hW, coefficient of performance (COP) in W/W, and ratio of power input to capacity in bhp/ton. 3.4 Power Input. The time rate of energy usage of the Compressor (compressor power) plus any accessories required to sustain opera

40、tion of the compressor at the Reference Rating Condition. If accessories are not included it shall be explicitly stated. 3.5 Published Operating Envelope. The applicable operating envelope for which Equation 1 is valid shall be stated. Equation 1 shall not be used to extrapolate beyond the Published

41、 Operating Envelope. 3.6 Published Rating. A statement of the assigned values of those performance characteristics, under stated operating conditions, by which a unit may be chosen to fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal size and type (identification) produced by the

42、same manufacturer. For a Batch of Equipment, the Published Rating shall represent the expected average value for the batch. The term Published Rating includes the rating of all performance characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, advertising or other literature controlled by

43、 the manufacturer, at Reference Rating Condition. 3.7 Rating Uncertainty. The limit within which the measured performance of an individual Compressor or a specified large portion of a batch of Compressors can be expected to fall relative to the Published Rating. 3.8 Reference Rating Conditions. A sp

44、ecific condition selected from Table 1 for quick reference or comparison. 3.9 Refrigerant Mass Flow Rate. The mass flow rate of the volatile refrigerant, which is potentially mixed with lubricant. 3.10 Refrigerating Capacity. The capacity associated with the increase in total enthalpy between the re

45、frigerant entering the evaporator and the superheated return gas entering the Compressor. Parasitic heat transfer effects shall not be included in the calculation of Refrigerating Capacity, Btu/h, W. 3.11 “Shall“ or “Should,“ shall be interpreted as follows: CAN/ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 540-2015 3 3.11.1

46、Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. 3.11.2 Should. “Should“ is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory, but which are desirable as good practice. Section 4. Test Requirements 4.1 Te

47、st Requirements. All Published Ratings shall be verified by tests conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 23.1. 4.2 Ambient Temperature. Published Ratings shall be established with an ambient temperature around the Compressor of 95.0F, 35.0C. If Published Ratings are established at ambient

48、 temperatures other than 95.0F, 35.0C, the actual ambient temperature used to establish the Published Ratings shall be stated by the manufacturer. 4.3 Airflow. Published Ratings shall be established with no airflow across the Compressor. If Published Ratings are established with airflow across the c

49、ompressor, the details of the airflow over the Compressor used to establish Published Ratings shall be stated by the manufacturer. 4.4 Nameplate Voltages for Rating. Published Ratings shall be established using the nameplate rated voltage and frequency. For dual nameplate voltage ratings, Published Ratings shall be established using both voltages, or using the higher of the two voltages, if only a single rating is to be published. Section 5. Rating Requirements 5.1 Published Ratings. The Published Rating of the Compressor shall consist of the following individual