AHRI 551 591 SI-2011 Performance Rating Of Water-Chilling and Heat Pump Water-Heating Packages Using the Vapor Compression Cycle.pdf

1、 2011 Standard for Performance Rating Of Water-Chilling and Heat Pump Water-Heating Packages Using the Vapor Compression Cycle AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI) Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2011, by Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States P

2、atent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that pro

3、ducts be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and acc

4、epted industry practices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. AHRI CERTIFICATION PROGRAM PROVISIONS The scope of the Certification Program is based on the latest edition of AHRI Standard 550/590 (I-P)-201

5、1. This scope is current as of the publication date of the standard. Revisions to the scope of the certification program can be found on AHRI website www.ahrinet.org. The scope of the Certification Program should not be confused with the scope of the standard as the standard covers products that are

6、 not covered by a certification program. Included in Certification Program: 50 Hzaand 60 Hz Air-Cooled Chiller (ACCL) Product Inclusions Chillers between 0 and 700 kWbmanufactured prior to July 2011 Chillers between 0 and 1,405 kWbmanufactured between July 2011 and July 2013 Chillers between 0 and 2

7、,110 kWbmanufactured after July 2013 Units selected for use within the range of Application Rating Conditions as per AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI) Hermetic or open type, electric motor driven Up to 600 volts All compressor types Units intended for use with glycol or other secondary coolant for freeze p

8、rotection with a leaving chilled fluid temperature above 0.0C are certified when tested with water at Standard Rating Conditions. Note a: 50 Hz products selectively certified as per Section 1.4 of the Air-Cooled Water Chilling Packages Using Vapor Compression Cycle Operations Manual Note b: The cool

9、ing capacity, in kW at full-load AHRI Standard Rating Conditions per Table 1 of AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI). 60 Hz Water -Cooled Chiller (WCCL) Product Inclusions All compressor types Chillers rated between 0 and 8,800 kWcmanufactured prior to January 2012 Chillers rated between 0 and 10,550 kWcmanuf

10、actured after to January 2012 Hermetic or open type,electric motor driven Units selected for use within the range of Application Rating Conditions as per AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI) Voltages up to 11,000 volts Voltages up to 15,000 volts after June 15, 2011 Positive Displacement Units intended for us

11、e with glycol or other secondary coolant for freeze protection with a leaving chilled fluid temperature above 0.0C are certified when tested with water at Standard Rating Conditions. Note c: Rated capacity, kW, for Positive Displacement chillers is the net cooling capacity at full-load AHRI Standard

12、 Rating Conditions per Table 1 of AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI). Rated capacity, kW, for centrifugal chillers is the net cooling capacity at full-load AHRI Application Rating Conditions within the range permitted in Table 2 of AHRI Standard 551/591 (SI). 50 Hz WCCL Product Inclusions Centrifugal test r

13、equirements; rating requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; marking and nameplate data; and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, efficiency regulators, contractors and

14、users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to factory-made vapor compression refrigeration Water-Chilling and Water-Heating Packages including one or more hermetic or open drive compres

15、sors. These Water-Chilling and Water-Heating Packages include: Water-Cooled, Air-Cooled, or evaporatively-cooled condensers Water-Cooled heat reclaim condensers Air-to-water heat pump Water-to-water heat pumps with a capacity greater or equal to 40 kW. Water-to-water heat pumps with a capacity less

16、than 40 kW are covered by the latest edition of AHRI Standard 320 Note that this standard covers products that may not currently be covered under a certification program. Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document follow the standard industry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Termi

17、nology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Auxiliary Power. Power provided to devices that are not integral to the operation of the vapor compression cycle. Such as, but not limited to: oil pumps, refrigerant pumps, control power,

18、 and heaters. 3.2 Bubble Point. Refrigerant liquid saturation temperature at a specified pressure. 3.3 Capacity. A measurable physical quantity that characterizes the water side heat flow rate, kW. Capacity is defined as the mass flow rate of the water multiplied by the difference in enthalpy of wat

19、er entering and leaving the heat exchanger, kW or tons. For this standard, the enthalpy change is approximated as the sensible heat transfer using specific heat and temperature difference, and in some calculations also the energy associated with water-side pressure losses. 3.3.1 Gross Heating Capaci

20、ty. The capacity of the Water Cooled Condenser as measured by the heat transfer from the refrigerant in the condenser. This value includes both the sensible heat transfer and the pressure drop effects of the water flow through the condenser. This value is used to calculate the test heat balance. (Re

21、fer to Equations C12a and C12b). 3.3.2 Gross Refrigerating Capacity. The capacity of the water cooled evaporator as measured by the heat transfer to the refrigerant in the evaporator. This value includes both the sensible heat transfer and the pressure drop effects of the water flow through the evap

22、orator. This value is used to calculate the test heat balance. (Refer to Equation C11). AHRI STANDARD 551/591 (SI)-2011 2 3.3.3 Net Heating Capacity. The capacity of the heating condenser available for useful heating of the thermal load external to the Water-Heating Package and is calculated using o

23、nly the sensible heat transfer. (Refer to Equations 7a and 7b). 3.3.4 Net Refrigerating Capacity. The capacity of the evaporator available for cooling of the thermal load external to the Water-Chilling Package and is calculated using only the sensible heat transfer. (Refer to Equation 6). 3.4 Compre

24、ssor Saturated Discharge Temperature. For single component and azeotrope refrigerants, it is the saturated temperature corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at the compressor discharge. For zeotropic refrigerants, it is the arithmetic average of the Dew Point and Bubble Point temperatures corres

25、ponding to refrigerant pressure at the compressor discharge. It is usually taken at or immediately downstream of the compressor discharge service valve (in either case on the downstream side of the valve seat), where discharge valves are used. 3.5 Condenser. A refrigeration system component which co

26、ndenses refrigerant vapor. Desuperheating and sub-cooling of the refrigerant may occur as well. 3.5.1 Air-Cooled Condenser. A component which condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to air mechanically circulated over its heat transfer surface causing a rise in the air temperature. 3.5.2 Evapo

27、ratively-Cooled Condenser. A component which condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to a water and air mixture mechanically circulated over its heat transfer surface, causing evaporation of the water and an increase in the enthalpy of the air. 3.5.3 Water-Cooled Condenser. A component which u

28、tilizes refrigerant-to-water heat transfer means, causing the refrigerant to condense and the water to be heated. 3.5.4 Water-Cooled Heat Reclaim Condenser. A component which utilizes refrigerant-to-water heat transfer means, causing the refrigerant to condense and the water to be heated. This Conde

29、nser may be a separate condenser, the same as, or a portion of the Water-Cooled Condenser. 3.6 Dew Point. Refrigerant vapor saturation temperature at a specified pressure. 3.7 Energy Efficiency. 3.7.1 Cooling Energy Efficiency 3.7.1.1 Cooling Coefficient of Performance (COPR). A ratio of the Net Ref

30、rigerating Capacity in watts to the power input values in watts at any given set of Rating Conditions expressed in watts/watt. (Refer to Equation 1) 3.7.1.2 Power Input per Capacity. A ratio of the power input, WINPUT, supplied to the unit in kilowatts kW, to the Net Refrigerating Capacity at any gi

31、ven set of Rating Conditions, expressed in kilowatts per tonRof Refrigeration kW/tonR. (Refer to Equation 3) 3.7.2 Heating Energy Efficiency 3.7.2.1 Heating Coefficient of Performance (COPH). A ratio of the Net Heating Capacity in watts to the power input values in watts at any given set of Rating C

32、onditions expressed in watts/watt. (Refer to Equation 4). 3.7.2.2 Heat Reclaim Coefficient of Performance (COPHR). COPHRapplies to units that are operating in a manner that uses either all or only a portion of heat generated during chiller operation, qhrc, to heat the occupied space, while the remai

33、ning heat, qcd, if any, is rejected to the outdoor ambient. COPHRtakes into account the beneficial cooling capacity, qev, as well as the Heat Recovery capacity, qhrc(Refer to Equation 5). AHRI STANDARD 551/591 (SI)-2011 3 3.8 Fouling Factor. The thermal resistance due to fouling accumulated on the w

34、ater side or air side heat transfer surface. 3.8.1 Fouling Factor Allowance. Provision for anticipated water side or air side fouling during use specified in m2K/kW. 3.9 Liquid Refrigerant Temperature. The temperature of the refrigerant liquid leaving the condenser but prior to the expansion device.

35、 3.10 Part-Load Value (PLV). A single number figure of merit expressing part-load efficiency for equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various partial load capacities for the equipment. (Refer to Appendix D for information regarding the use of IPLV and NPLV.) 3.10.1 Integrated Part-Load Va

36、lue (IPLV). A single number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated per the method described in this standard at Standard Rating Conditions. 3.10.2 Non-Standard Part-Load Value (NPLV). A single number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated per the method described in this standard r

37、eferenced to conditions other than IPLV conditions. (For units with Water-Cooled condensers that are not designed to operate at Standard Rating Conditions.) 3.11 Percent Load (%Load). The part-load Net Capacity divided by the full-load rated Net Capacity at the full-load rating conditions, stated in

38、 decimal format. (e.g.100% = 1.0). 3.12 Published Ratings. A statement of the assigned values of those performance characteristics, under stated Rating Conditions, by which a unit may be chosen to fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal size and type (identification) pro

39、duced by the same manufacturer. The term Published Rating includes the rating of all performance characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, advertising or other literature controlled by the manufacturer, at stated Rating Conditions. 3.12.1 Application Rating. A rating based on

40、 tests performed at Application Rating Conditions (other than Standard Rating Conditions). 3.12.2 Standard Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Standard Rating Conditions. 3.13 Rating Conditions. Any set of operating conditions under which a single level of performance results and which caus

41、es only that level of performance to occur. 3.13.1 Standard Rating Conditions. Rating Conditions used as the basis of comparison for performance characteristics. 3.14 “Shall“ or “Should“. “Shall“ or “should“ shall be interpreted as follows: 3.14.1 Shall. Where “shall“ or “shall not“ is used for a pr

42、ovision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. 3.14.2 Should, “Should“ is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice. 3.15 Total Power Input. Power input of all components of the unit. 3.16 Total Heat Rejec

43、tion. Heat rejected through the condenser including heat utilized for heat recovery (qcd+qhrc). 3.17 Water-Chilling or Water-Heating Package. A factory-made and prefabricated assembly (not necessarily shipped as one package) of one or more compressors, condensers and evaporators, with interconnectio

44、ns and accessories designed for the purpose of cooling or heating water. It is a machine specifically designed to make use of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle to remove heat from water and reject the heat to a cooling medium, usually air or water. The refrigerant condenser may or may not be a

45、n integral part of the package. AHRI STANDARD 551/591 (SI)-2011 4 3.17.1 Heat Reclaim Water-Chilling Package. A factory-made package, designed for the purpose of chilling water and containing a condenser for reclaiming heat. Where such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate as

46、semblies are to be designed to be used together, and the requirements of rating outlined in this standard are based upon the use of matched assemblies. It is a package specifically designed to make use of the refrigerant cycle to remove heat from the water source and to reject the heat to another fl

47、uid for heating use. Any excess heat may be rejected to another medium, usually air or water. 3.17.2 Heat Pump Water-Chilling Package. A factory-made package, designed for the purpose of heating water. Where such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies are to be desi

48、gned to be used together, and the requirements of rating outlined in this standard are based upon the use of matched assemblies. It is a package specifically designed to make use of the refrigerant cycle to remove heat from an air or water source and to reject the heat to water for heating use. This

49、 unit can include valves to allow for reverse-cycle (cooling) operation. 3.17.3 Modular Chiller Package. A modular chiller is a package that is made up of multiple water-chilling units that can function individually or as a single unit. 3.18 Water Pressure Drop. A measured value of the reduction in water pressure associated with the flow through a water- type heat exchanger. This value is expressed as a rating in kPa. Section 4. Test Requirements 4.1 Test Requirements. Ratings shall be established at the Rating Conditions specified