AIR FORCE MIL-HDBK-1839 A-2000 CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS《校准和测量要求》.pdf

1、 MIL-HDBK-1839A 27 November 2000 SUPERSEDING MIL-HDBK-1839 27 August 1996 AMSC N/A AREA QCIC DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOK CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS This handbook is for guidan

2、ce only. Do not cite this document as a requirement. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1839A ii FOREWORD 1. This military handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. This handbo

3、ok is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply. 3. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to AFMETCAL/MLSR, 813 Ir

4、ving-Wick Dr W, Suite 4M, Heath OH 43056-6116, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1839A iii CONTENTS P

5、ARAGRAPH PAGE FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii 1. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3.1 Application guidance. . . . . . . .

7、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.2 Government documents . . . . .

8、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.3 Order of precedence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.1 Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.2 Support Equipment (SE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.3 Test, Measurement, and

10、Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE). . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.4 Measurement traceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.5 Test Uncertainty Ratio (TUR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.6 Logistic Support Analysis (LSA) . . . . . . . .

11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.7 Design activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.8 Calibration and Measurement Requirements Summary (CMRS). . . . . . 4 3.9 Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Unit Under Test (UUT) interface . . . 4

12、3.10 Built-in Test (BIT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.11 Built-in-Test Equipment (BITE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.12 Calibration interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、 . . . . . 5 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1 General measurement requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14、6 5.1 System, subsystem, and equipment measurement parameters . . . . . . . . 6 5.1.1 Assessment of parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1.1.1 Sequence of relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1.1.2 Selecting T

15、MDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1.1.3 Description of items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.2 Built-In Test and Built-In Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.3 Syst

16、em, subsystem, and equipment test points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1839A iv CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 5.4 Test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . . . . 8 5.4.1 Recommended TMDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.4.2 TMDE in support of TMDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.4.3 Test Uncertainty Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . . 9 5.4.4 Automatic test equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.4.4.1 ATE design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.4.4.2 ATE technical description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.4.4.3 ATE calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6. NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.1 Intended use . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.2 Subject term (keyword) listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.3 Changes from previous issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Appendix A Frequently aske

21、d questions. 13 Appendix B CMRS example. 16 CONCLUDING MATERIAL. 39 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1839A 1 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. The information and interpretive guidance provided by this handbook are intended to clarify the r

22、equirements invoked by MIL-STD-1839. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply. 1.2 Purpose. This handbook is an informational guide intended to provide design activities (government representatives and contra

23、ctor personnel) with an expanded understanding of MIL-STD-1839 requirements, and to assist in providing for the uniform evaluation of the contractors compliance to the individual requirements as they apply to the contract. Accordingly, this handbook quotes (“ ”) the requirements from the respective

24、sections of MIL-STD-1839, for easy reference, followed by interpretive guidance for the requirements of the standard. This handbook cannot modify or add to any of the MIL-STD-1839 requirements. 1.3 Applicability. The requirements of MIL-STD-1839 apply to all systems, subsystems, and equipment that r

25、equire measurements of any type to ensure proper operation while this handbook provides supplemental information to the standard. 1.3.1 Application guidance. a. When Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) is required on an acquisition program, the requirements of MIL-STD-1839 should be an integral part of

26、 the LSA effort. Data developed as a result of these requirements should be documented in and become part of the LSA documentation. b. When LSA is exempted or the LSA is tailored to exempt development of the data requirements, MIL-STD-1839 can become an independent compliance document of the acquisi

27、tion program and tailored in accordance with the contract. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein, but are the ones that are needed in order to fully understand the information provided by this handbook. 2.2 Governme

28、nt documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in the latest issue of the Department of Defens

29、e Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1839A 2 HANDBOOK DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-HDBK-300 Military Handbook, Technical Information File of Support Equipment (

30、Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications, standards, and handbooks are available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document an

31、d the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. DEFINITIONS “3.1 Calibration. The set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, t

32、he relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values realized by standards.” Interpretive guidance: Calibration does not imply that the item being calibr

33、ated can be adjusted. There are some items (such as a fixed resistor, or an attenuator) which can be calibrated but not adjusted, and upon failing calibration a new calibration factor is assigned or the item is simply taken out of service or no longer used for making quantitative measurements. “3.2

34、Support Equipment (SE). All equipment used in calibration and maintenance support of mission and operational equipment.” Interpretive guidance: Calibration standards are by definition SE as they are support equipment for support equipment. “3.3 Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE). Any

35、 system or device used to test, measure, evaluate, inspect, or otherwise examine materials, supplies, equipment, or a system to identify and/or isolate any actual or potential malfunction, or to determine compliance with specifications established in technical documents (e.g. research, development,

36、test and evaluation documents; specifications; engineering drawings; and technical orders). TMDE is SE that provides for measurement traceability.” Interpretive guidance: TMDE is a sub-set of SE, i.e. all TMDE is SE, but not all SE is TMDE. Calibration standards are a sub-set of TMDE as they are use

37、d to test, measure, evaluate, and inspect TMDE and they are essential to establishing traceability. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1839A 3 “3.4 Measurement traceability. The property of the result of a measurement or the val

38、ue of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties. Traceability, as used in this standard, applies to measurements/calibrations made from the prime system or subsystem

39、 through an unbroken chain of comparisons to the national reference standards.” Interpretive guidance: It is the intent of the Calibration and Measurement Requirements Summary (CMRS), (see APPENDIX A for FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS and APPENDIX B for an example of a CMRS) to document the traceability

40、 of the measurement from the prime system, (e.g., F/A-18, B-2, V-22, M1A2, CASS, etc) through an unbroken chain of calibrated TMDE and calibration laboratories to either a national standard or a physical constant. In effect, the CMRS outlines traceability for each measurement from the prime system l

41、evel through the SE, and through the calibration standard(s) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) or other recognized reference standards. “3.5 Test Uncertainty Ratio (TUR). The total uncertainty of the unit to be measured or calibra

42、ted divided by the total uncertainty of the measuring or generating device used to perform the measurement. For example, if it is required that a system or equipment output parameters uncertainty is 8% and the uncertainty of the measuring device used to measure the output parameter is 2%, then the T

43、UR is 8 to 2 or 4 to 1.” Interpretive guidance: The desired TUR is 4 to 1. TUR is the calculated result of dividing the uncertainty or tolerance of a measurement/input requirement by the uncertainty/tolerance of the equipment satisfying the requirement. TURs are generally calculated for each operati

44、onal system test requirement that is supported by SE and for SE supported (calibrated) by SE. The maximum permitted uncertainty should reflect the actual use requirement of the unit being measured/calibrated for the intended use. Tolerances used in TUR calculations will be in the same measurement un

45、its. Uncertainties expressed in logarithmic units such as decibels should be considered. Decibels should first be converted to linear units before computing TUR. For example, suppose the system uncertainty and the measurement uncertainty is 4db and 1db respectively. The db ratio may be 4 to 1 but th

46、e linear ratio may be only 2 to 1 or a 3db gain is generally double in value when dealing with power measurements. Caution should be used when uncertainties are stated as percentages because they often are not related (i.e. percentage of full scale versus percentage of reading). Tolerances expressed

47、 as “minimum”, “maximum”, “less than”, “more than”, “greater than” and “less than”, do not allow TURs to be calculated, thus using them is not desired. However, when no other option exists, the design activity should specify the recommended uncertainty of the supporting equipment (see 5.4.3). “3.6 L

48、ogistics Support Analysis (LSA). The selective application of scientific and engineering efforts undertaken during the acquisition process, as part of the system engineering and design process, to assist in complying with supportability and other Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) objectives. The LS

49、A process is a planned series of tasks performed to examine all elements of a proposed system to determine the logistics support required to keep that system useable for its intended purpose; and to influence the design so both the system and support can be provided at an affordable cost.” Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fr