1、 MIL- HDBK- 340A (USAF)01 April 1999_SUPERSEDINGMIL-HDBK-34001 July 1985 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEHANDBOOKTEST REQUIREMENTSFORLAUNCH, UPPER -STAGE, AND SPACE VEHICLESVol I : BaselinesThis handbook is for guidance only.Do not cite this document as a requirementAMSC N/A FSC 1810NOT MEASUREMENTSENSITIVEPro
2、vided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. IiiFOREWORD1 .This Military Handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of theDepartment of Defense.2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be sited
3、 as a requirement. If it is,the contractor does not have to comply.3. The high reliability required of all launch and space equipment is achieved by the designs,design margins, and by the manufacturing process controls imposed at each and every level ofassembly. The design and design margins should
4、assure that the equipment is capable of performing inthe launch and space environment. The manufacturing process controls are intended to assure that aknown quality product is manufactured to meet the design requirements and that any changes requiredcan be made based on a known baseline. Attention t
5、o every detail is required throughoutdevelopment, manufacture, qualification, transportation, and preflight testing to assure successfuloperations of the launch and space equipment4. For high-priority, long-life, complex spac e equipment, high reliability is usually achieved bystrict compliance to t
6、he requirements and good practices that have historically resulted in successfulmissions. Programs for these types of space equipment are generally structured to provide extensivechecks and balances, with detailed reviews of each step by independent personnel, to assure that noproblem is overlooked.
7、 Particular attention is given in the design to eliminating single-point failuremodes, wherever practicable. Special design analysis, special screening during manufacturing, andother quality provisions that will assure reliability, are implemented on any remaining single-pointfailure items to avoid
8、latent defects. For these programs, a full qualification program is conducted oneach level of assembly ranging from units, subsystems , space experiments, and on to each spacevehicle involved. 5. Not all space equipment is high priority or long life. Many space programs are for a singlemission that
9、is of short duration, and the equipment may be relatively simple, or involve only oneexperiment. Expendable launch vehicles represent another program class where the mission duration isshort, but weight constraints may eliminate redundancy. Regardless of the variations among launchand space programs
10、, there is always a requirement for high reliability, because a flight failure is nevercost effective. At the same time there is a constant drive to reduce the life cycle cost. Testing is aprimary target for cost reduction because testing costs typically represent a high percentage of thetotal progr
11、am cost. The real problem is to identify those cost-saving measures that are reasonable foreach program and that will not increase risks in an unacceptable way. Although an in-flight failure canidentify deficiencies in the test program used, mission success does not prove that the test programwas op
12、timum, cost effective, or even adequate. Nevertheless, mission success will typically be used tosuggest that the testing conducted was excessive and should be reduced in the future. Even if theextent of testing was reasonable and justified, it will often be suggested that the costs were excessive!6.
13、 This handbook, MIL-HDBK-340A, has been prepared to provide baseline test programs forlaunch and space vehicle equipment. The handbook is organized into two volumes. Volume IProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. Iiiipres
14、ents a test baseline for high priority space and launch vehicles. The Volume I material previouslywas included in MIL-STD-1540C. For the convenience of contractors, the same weighting factors(3.5.12) have been retained to indicate the relative importance of the baseline requirements. Changingthe wei
15、ghting factor names to provide a softer guidance tone was rejected in the interest of thosecontractors who may want to extract sections of the baseline requirements for their own applications. Volume II of the handbook documents additional facets of information pertinent to the test baselinespresent
16、ed in Volume I and how the baseline requirements can be tailored for specific programs. Thebaselines in this handbook are intended to be used as guidance or as the starting point in developing atest program for a particular program. It should be emphasized that the information included is forgeneral
17、 guidance and should not be followed if it does not accommodate the needs of a particularprogram.7. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data whichmay be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Space and Missile Systems Center,SMC/AXMP, 1
18、60 Skynet Street, Suite 2315, Los Angeles Air Force Base, El Segundo, CA90245 -4683 by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426)appearing at the end of this document or by letter.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
19、S-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. IivTABLE OF CONTENTSpageFOREWORD ii1. SCOPE . 11.1 PURPOSE 11.2 APPLICATION 11.3 TEST CATEGORIES . 12 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . 22.1 GENERAL . 22.2 GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS . 22.2.1 Sp ecifications, Standards, and Handbooks . 22.3 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE 23 DEFINITIONS . 33.1 ITEM LEV
20、ELS . 33.1.1 Part . 33.1.2 Subassembly . 33.1.3 Unit 33.1.4 Subsystem 33.1.5 Vehicle . 33.1.5.1 Launch Vehicle 33.1.5.2 Upper -stage Vehicle 33.1.5.3 Space Experiment 33.1.5.4 Space Vehicle . 43.1.5.5 Flight Vehicle 43.1.6 System . 43.1.7 Combined Systems . 43.1.7.1 Launch System . 43.1.7.2 On -or b
21、it System 43.2 SPECIAL ITEMS . 43.2.1 Airborne Support Equipment (ASE ) 43.2.2 Critical Unit . 43.2.3 Development Test Article 53.2.4 Explosive -ordnance Device 53.2.5 Moving Mechanical Assembly (MMA ) . 53.2.6 Reusable Item . 53.3 ENVIRONMENTS . 53.3.1 Maximum and Minimum Expected Temperatures 53.3
22、.1.1 Margins for Passive Thermal Control Subsystems 63.3.1.2 Margins for Active Thermal Control Subsystems . 63.3.2 Statist ical Estimates of Vibration, Acoustic, and Shock Environments 73.3.3 Fatigue Equivalent Duration . 9Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without
23、 license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. Iv3.3.4 Extreme and Maximum Expected Acoustic Environment 93.3.5 Extreme and Maximum Expected Random Vibration Environment . 93.3.6 Extreme and Maximum Expected Sinusoidal Vibration Environment 93.3.7 Extreme and Maximum Expected Shock Environment . 103.4 ST
24、RUCTURAL TERMS . 103.4.1 Burst Factor 103.4.2 Design Burst Pressure . 103.4.3 Design Factor of Safety . 103.4.4 Design Ultimate Load 113.4.5 Design Yield Load . 113.4.6 Limit Load 113.4.7 Maximum Expected Operating Pressure (MEOP ) 113.4.8 Maximum Predicted Acceleration 113.4.9 Operational Deflectio
25、ns . 113.4.10 Pressure Component 113.4.11 Pressure Vessel . 123.4.12 Pressurized Structure . 123.4.13 Pressurized Subsystem . 123.4.14 Proof Factor 123.4.15 Proof Test . 123.4.16 Structural Component . 123.5 OTH ER DEFINITIONS 123.5.1 Ambient Environment 123.5.2 Contamination Tolerance Level . 133.5
26、.3 Multipacting 133.5.4 Operational Modes 133.5.5 Required, Other and Not Required Tests . 133.5.6 Qualification Margin 133.5.7 Service Life . 143.5.8 Temperature Stabilization 143.5.9 Test Discrepancy . 143.5.10 Test Item Failure 153.5.11 Thermal Shock Duration . 153.5.12 Weighting Factors . 154 GE
27、NERAL REQUIREMENTS . 164.1 TAILORING OF REQUIREMENTS . 164.2 TESTING PHILOSOPHY . 174.3 PROPULSION EQUIPMENT TESTS . 174.3.1 Engine Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) Acceptance Testing 184.3.2 Engine Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) Qualification Testing 184.4 FIRMWARE TESTS . 194.5 INSPECTIONS . 194.6 TEST CO
28、NDITION TOLERANCES . 194.7 TEST PLANS AND PROCEDURES . 19Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. Ivi4.7.1 Test Plans 194.7.2 Test Procedures . 234.8 RETEST 244.8.1 Retest During Qualification or Acceptance . 244.8.2 Retest
29、 During Prelaunch Validation 254.8.3 Retest During Operational Tests and Evaluations . 254.9 DOCUMENTATION 254.9.1 Test Documentation Files 254.9.2 Test Data 254.9.3 Test Log 264.10 TEST EVALUATION TEAM 265 DEVELOPMENT TESTS 275.1 GENERAL 275.2 PART, MATERIAL, AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT TESTSAND EVALUA
30、TIONS 285.3 SUBASSEMBLY DEVELOPMENT TESTS, IN -PROCESS TESTSAND INSPECTIONS . 285.4 UNIT DEVELOPMENT TESTS . 285.4.1 Structural Composite Development Tests 295.4.2 Thermal Development Tests 295.4.3 Shock and Vibration Isolator Development Tests . 295.5 VEHICLE AND SUBSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT TESTS . 305.5
31、.1 Mechanical Fit Development Tests 305.5.2 Mode Survey Development Tests . 305.5.3 Structural Development Tests 305.5.4 Acoustic and Shock Development Tests 315.5.5 Thermal Balance Development Tests . 315.5.6 T ransportation and Handling Development Tests . 315.5.7 Wind-tunnel Development Tests 326
32、 QUALIFICATION TESTS 346.1 GENERAL QUALIFICATION TEST REQUIREMENTS . 346.1.1 Qualification Hardware 346.1.2 Qualification Test Levels and Durations . 346.1.3 Thermal Vacuum and Thermal Cycle Tests 356.1.4 Acoustic and Vibration Qualification . 366.1.4.1 Accelerated Testing . 386.1.4.2 Two-condition
33、Testing 396.2 VEHICLE QUALIFICATION TESTS . 406.2.1 Functional Test, Vehicle Qualification 426.2.1.1 Purpose 426.2.1.2 Mechanical Functional test . 426.2.1.3 Electrical and Fiber-optic Circuit Functional Test 42Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
34、 IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. Ivii6.2.1.4 Supplementary Requirements 436.2.2 Electromagnetic Compati bility Test, Vehicle Qualification . 436.2.2.1 Purpose 436.2.2.2 Test Description . 436.2.3 Shock Test, Vehicle Qualification 446.2.3.1 Purpose 446.2.3.2 Test Description . 446.2.3.3 Test Activations
35、446.2.3.4 Supplementary Requirements 446.2.4 Acoustic Test, Vehicle Qualification 456.2.4.1 Purpose 456.2.4.2 Test Description . 456.2.4.3 Test Level and Duration 456.2.4.4 Supplementary Requirements 456.2.5 Vibration Test, Vehicle Qualification . 456.2.5.1 Purpose 466.2.5.2 Test Description . 466.2
36、.5.3 Test Levels and Duration 466.2.5.4 Supplementary Requirements 466.2.6 Pressure and Leakage Tests, Vehicle Qualification . 466.2.6.1 Purpose 466.2.6.2 Test Description . 466.2.6.3 Test Levels and Durations . 476.2.6.4 Supplementary Requirements 476.2.7 Thermal Cycle Test, Vehicle Qualification .
37、 476.2.7.1 Purpose 476.2.7.2 Test Description . 486.2.7.3 Test Level and Duration 486.2.7.4 Supplementary Requirements 486.2.8 Thermal Balance Test, Vehicle Qualification 486.2.8.1 Purpose 486.2.8.2 Test Description . 496.2.8.3 Test Levels and Duration 506.2.8.4 Supplementary Requirements 506.2.9 Th
38、ermal Vacuum T est, Vehicle Qualification . 506.2.9.1 Purpose 506.2.9.2 Test Description . 506.2.9.3 Test Levels and Duration 516.2.9.4 Supplementary Requirements 516.2.10 Mode Survey Test, Vehicle Qualification . 526.2.10.1 Purpose 526.2.10.2 Test Description . 526.2.10.3 Test Levels . 526.2.10.4 S
39、upplementary Requirements 536.3 SUBSYSTEM QUALIFICATION TESTS 53Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. Iviii6.3.1 Structural Static Load Test, Subsystem Qualification . 536.3.1.1 Purpose 546.3.1.2 Test Description . 546.3
40、.1.3 Test Levels and Duration 546.3.1.4 Supplementary Requirements 566.3.2 Vibration Test, Subsystem Qualification 566.3.2.1 Purpose 566.3.2.2 Test Description . 566.3.2.3 Test Levels and Duration 576.3.2.4 Supple mentary Requirements . 576.3.3 Acoustic Test, Subsystem Qualification . 576.3.3.1 Purp
41、ose 576.3.3.2 Test Description . 576.3.3.3 Test Levels and Duration 576.3.3.4 Supplementary Requirements 576.3.4 Thermal Vacuum Test, Subsyst em Qualification 576.3.4.1 Purpose 576.3.4.2 Test Description . 576.3.4.3 Test Levels and Duration 576.3.4.4 Supplementary Requirements 576.3.5 Separation Tes
42、t, Subsystem Qualification 576.3.5.1 Purpose 576.3.5.2 Test Description . 576.3.5.3 Test Activations 586.3.5.4 Supplementary Requirements 586.4 UNIT QUALIFICATION TESTS 586.4.1 Functional Test, Unit Qualification 596.4.1.1 Purpose 596.4.1.2 Test Description 596.4.1.3 Supplement ary Requirements 626.
43、4.2 Thermal Cycle Test, Electrical and Electronic Unit Qualification 626.4.2.1 Purpose 626.4.2.2 Test Description . 626.4.2.3 Test Levels and Duration 626.4.2.4 Supplementary Requirements 656.4.3 Ther mal Vacuum Test, Unit Qualification 656.4.3.1 Purpose 656.4.3.2 Test Description . 656.4.3.3 Test L
44、evels and Duration 666.4.3.4 Supplementary Requirements 676.4.4 Vibration Test, Unit Qualification 676.4.4.1 Purpose 676.4.4.2 Test Description . 676.4.4.3 Test Level and Duration 686.4.4.4 Supplementary Requirements 68Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice
45、nse from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-340A, Vol. Iix6.4.4.5 Fixture Evaluation . 686.4.4.6 Special Considerations for Structural Units . 696.4.5 Acoustic Test, Unit Qualification . 696.4.5.1 Purpose 696.4.5.2 Test Description . 696.4.5.3 Test Level and Duration 696.4.5.4 Supplementary Requirements 696.4.6 Shock
46、 Test, Unit Qualification . 696.4.6.1 Purpose 696.4.6.2 Test Description . 706.4.6.3 Test Leve l and Exposure . 706.4.6.4 Supplementary Requirements 706.4.7 Leakage Test, Unit Qualification 716.4.7.1 Purpose 716.4.7.2 Test Description . 716.4.7.3 Test Level and Duration 716.4.8 Pressure Test, Unit Q
47、ualification . 716.4.8.1 Purpose 716.4.8.2 Test Description . 716.4.8.3 Test Levels and Durations . 726.4.8.4 Supplementary Requirements 736.4.9 Acceleration Test, Unit Qualification 736.4.9.1 Purpose 736.4.9.2 Test Description . 736.4.9.3 Te st Levels and Duration 736.4.9.4 Supplementary Requirements 736.4.10 Life Test, Unit Qualification 736.4.10.1 Purpose 736.4.10.2 Test Description . 746.4.10.3 Test Levels and Durations . 746.4.10.4 Supplementary Requirements 7 46.4.11 Electrom
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