AIR FORCE MIL-STD-1522 A NOTICE 2-1986 STANDARD GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFEDESIGN AND OPERATION OF PRESSURES MISSILE AND SPACE SYSTEMS《导弹和空间系统运作压力及安全设计标准的总体要求》.pdf

1、- s-37-87 -7 -I O 5 -I W v) v) W 9 Supersedes Page 9 of 28 May 1984 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1522A (USAF) 28 MAY 1984 TABLE I. Stored Enerev in Pressure Vessel PRESSURE VESSEL PRESSURE PSIA 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2

2、00 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 ENEGY EQUIVALENT PER CUBIC FOOT OF PRESSURE VESSEL ft lbs 606 1991 3582 5313 7 148 9066 11051 13093 15184 37849 62376 87968 114286 141146 168433 196070 224001 252185 543111 843691 1149784 1459636 1772296 20

3、87167 2403851 2722059 3041575 6283809 9576045 NOTE: energy equivalent per cubic foot by the vessel volume in cubic et To obtain the pressure vessel equivalent, multiply the 10 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3522A NOTICE 2 SA

4、7777733 00b3342 7 MIL- STD-1522A (USAF) 28 MAY 1984 3.36 structure designed both to carry internal pressure and vehicle structural loads. PRESSURIZED STRUCTURE - A pressurized structure is a O 3.37 PRESSURIZED SYSTEM - A pressurized system, as addressed structure, lines, fittings, valves, etc., that

5、 are exposed to and designed by the pressure within these components. It does operate the system. 2, in this document, comprises the pressure vessels or pressurize-d a. not include electrical control devices, etc., required to 3.38 PROOF FACTOR - The proof factor is a multiplying factor applied to t

6、he limit load or MEOP to obtain proof load or proof pressure, for use in acceptance testing. i+ 3.39 PROOF PRESSURE - The proof pressure is the test pressure that pressurized components shall sustain without detrimental deformation. satisfactory workmanship and material quality, and/or establish max

7、imum initial flaw sizes. It is equal to the product of maximum expected operating pressure, proof pressure design factor, and a factor accounting for the difference in material properties between test and design temperature. 3.40 contractual demonstrations that the design, manufacturing, and assembl

8、y have resulted in hardware conforming to specification requirements. The proof pressure is used to give evidence of QUALIFICATION TESTS - Qualification tests are formal e 3.41 RESIDUAL STRESS - Residual stress is a stress which remains in a detail part as a result of manufacturing processing, testi

9、ng and operation. 3.42 SAFE-LIFE - Safe-life of a structure is the period during which the structure is predicted not to fail in the expected operating environment. 3.43 SERVICE LIFE - The service life of a component or space vehicle is the total life expectancy of the item. The service life starts

10、with the manufacture of the structure and continues through all acce tance testin , handling, storage, refurbishment, retesting, reentry or recovery from orbit, and reuse that may be required or specified for the item. transportation, Paunch operat f ons, orbital operations, - 3.44 pressure. STABILI

11、ZING PRESSURE - Any pressure which produces tensile stresses in a pressurized structure is a stabilizing 11 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL- STD -1 5 22A (USAF) 28 MAY 1984 3.45 STIFFNESS - The stiffness of a structure is its resi

12、stance to deflection under an applied load. 3.46 STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING - Stress-corrosion cracking is a mechanical-environmental induced failure process in which sustained tensile stress and chemical attack combine to initiate and propagate a flaw in a metal part. 3.47 STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR (K

13、y) - The stress intensity factor is a parameter that describes the elastic stress field in the vicinity-of a crack tip. 3.48 THRESHOLD PRESSURE (PTH) - Threshold pressure is a pressure change great enough to induce a stress which affects the flaw growth in a pressure vessel. 3.49 THERMAL STRESS - Th

14、ermal stress is a structural stress arising from temperature gradients and/or differential thermal deformation in or between structural components, assemblies, or systems. 3.50 THRESHOLD STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR (KTH) - The threshold stress intensity factor is the maximum value of the stress intensit

15、y factor below which environmentally induced flaw-growth, under sustained static tensile stress, does not occur for a given material in a specified environment. 3.51 ULTIMATE LOAD - The ultimate load is the product of the limit load and the ultimate factor of safet . It is the maximum collapse in th

16、e expected operating environments. load which the structure must withstand wit K out rupture or 3.52 ULTIMATE FACTOR OF SAFETY - The ultimate factor of safety of Structure is the ratio of the ultimate load to the limit load. 3.53 ULTIMATE PRESSURE - The ultimate pressure is the product of the -mate

17、pressure factor. pressure which the structures must withstand without rupture in the expected operating environment. 3.54 ULTIMATE PRESSURE FACTOR = The ultimate pressure factor is a multiplying factor applied to the MEOP to obtain ultimate pressure. It is the maximum 3.55 VERIFICATION/RE-CERTIFICAT

18、ION TESTS - Verification/re-certification tests are tests conducted to verifyhecertify the integrity of structures after some specific period of operation or storage or after exposure to some adverse conditions 12 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f

19、rom IHS-,-,- MIL-STD-3522A NOTICE 2 SA 7777733 00b33LI4 O MIL- STD -1 522A (USAF) 28 MAY 1984 SECTION 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS This section presents general requirements for the analysis, structures. structural design, material selection, safe operating stress levels, fracture control, quality assuran

20、ce and o-ther special requirements. Pressure vessels and pressurized structures shall comply with the requirements specified in Section 4. pressurized structures designed fabricated, inspected, and tested in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VI11 Divisions 1 or 2, Sec

21、tion X; or (for GSE only) Title 49 Code of Federal Regulation shail comply with system analysis requirements (Section 4.1) only. c design and verification of pressure vessels and pressurized Included are requirements on system analysis, Pressure vessels and 4.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS functiona

22、l analysis to determine that the operation, interaction, or sequencing of components shall not lead to unsafe conditions which could cause personnel injury or major damage to the vehicle, its booster, or associated ground 0 equipment. The analysis shall identify any single malfunction or personnel e

23、rror in operation of any component that will create conditions leading to an unacceptable risk to operating personnel or equipment. The analysis shall also evaluate any secondary or subsequent occurrence, failure, or component malfunction which, initiated by a primary failure, could result in person

24、nel injury. shall be designated safety critical and will require the following considerations. 4.1.1 System Analysis. Perform a detailed system Such items identified by the analysis a. Specific Design Action b. Special Safety Operating Requirements c. Specific Hazard Identification and Proposed Corr

25、ective Action d. Special Safety Supervision 4.1.2 Systems analysis data. Systems analysis data will show that: a. The system provides the capability of maintaining all pressure levels in a safe condition in the event of interruption of any process or control sequence at any time during test or count

26、down. 13 - Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-HIL-STD-ISZ2A NOTICE 2 SA M 99799LL 00b3395 2 MIL- STD - 15 22A (USAF) 28 MAY 1984 . b. Ci d. Redundant pressure relief devices have mutually independent pressure escape routes. In systems wh

27、ere pressure regulator failure may involve critical hazard to the crew or mission success, regulation is redundant and where passive redundant systems are specified includes automatic swi t chove r . When the hazardous effects of safety critical failures or malfunctions are prevented through the use

28、 of redundant components or systems, it shall be mandatory that all such redundant components or systems are operational prior to the initiation of irreversible portions of safety critical operations or events . 4.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 4*2,1 Loads, Pressures and Environments. The entire anFi

29、cipated load-pressure-temperature history and associated environments throughout the service life shall be determined in accordance with specified mission requirements. the following factors and their statistical variations shall be considered: As a minimum, a. The environmentally induced loads and

30、pressures. b. The environments acting simultaneously with these loads and pressures with their proper relationships. c. The frequency of application of these loads, pressures, environments and their levels and duration. These data shall be used to define the design spectra which shall be used for bo

31、th design analysis and testing. 8 ectra shall be revised as the structural design develops and The design t R e loads analysis matures, 4.2.2 Strength Requirements. All pressure vessels and preasurized structures within the structural system shall possess suficient strength to withstand limit loads

32、and internal pressures in the expected operating environments throughout their respective service lives without experiencing detrimental deformation, loads and internal pressures in the expected operating environments without experiencing rupture or collapse. They shall also withstand ultimate 14 Pr

33、ovided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3522A NOTICE 2 SA W 7777733 00b334b 4 MIL- STD -1 522A (USAF) 28 MAY 1984 Pressure vessels and pressurized structures shall be capable of withstanding ultimate external loads and ultimate external

34、 pressures (destabilizing) without collapse or rupture when internally pressurized to the minimum anticipated operating pressure. Ml pressure vessels and pressurized structures shall sustain proof pressure without incurring gross yielding or detrimental rupture. When proof tests are conducted at tem

35、peratures other than design temperatures, the change in material properties at the proof temperature shall be accounted for in determining proof pressure. O Y deformation and shall sustain design burst pressure without Pressurized structures subject to instability modes of failure shall not collapse

36、 under ultimate loads nor degrade the functioning of any system due to elastic buckling deformation under limit loads. Evaluation of buckling strength shall consider the combined action of primary and secondary stresses and their effects on general instability, local or panel instability, and crippl

37、ing. Design loads for buckling shall be ultimate. loads, except that any load component that tends to alleviate buckling shall not be increased by the ultimate design factor. Destabilizing pressures shall be increased by the ultimate design factor, but internal stabilizing pressures shall not be inc

38、reased unless they reduce structural capability. b conditions. . The margin of safety shall be positive and shall be determined a analysis or test at design ultimate and design limit levels, w K en appropriate, at the temperatures expected for all critical 4.2.3 Stiffness Requirements. Pressure vess

39、els and pressurized structures shall possess adequate stiffness to preclude detrimental deformation at limit loads and pressures in the expected operating environments throughout their respective service lives. The stiffness properties of pressure vessels and pressurized structures shall be such as

40、to prevent a11 detrimental instabilities of coupled vibration modes, minimize detrimental effects of the loads and dynamics response which are associated with structural flexibility, and minimize adverse interaction with other vehicle systems, 4.2.4 Thermal Requirements. Thermal effects, including h

41、eating rates, temperatures, thermalqstresses and deformations, and changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the materials of construction shall be considered in the design of all pressure vessels and pressurized structures. These effects shall be based on temperature extremes which simul

42、ate those predicted for the operating environment plus a design margin as specified in MIL-STD-1540. O 1c Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1522A NOTICE 2 SA m-77777L1 00b33Ll7 b 9 MIL- STD -1 522A (USAF) 28 MAY 1984 4.2.5 Stres

43、s Analysis Requirements. A detailed and f each pressure vessel and comprehensive stress anal pressurized structure sha 1 be conducted under the assumption of no crack-like flaws in the structure. The analysis shall determine stresses resulting from the combined effects of internal pressure, ground o

44、r flight loads, temperature and thermal gradients. Both primary membrane stresses and secondary bending stresses resulting from internal pressure shall be calculated to account for the effects of design discontinuities, design configuration and structural support attachments. Loads shall be combined

45、 by using the appropriate limit or ultimate safety factors on the individual loads and comparing the results to material and/or geometric capabilities. factors on internal pressures shall be as determined in Section 5*0, Safety factors on external (support) loads shall be as assigned to primary stru

46、cture supporting the pressurized system. Classical solutions are acceptable if the design geometries and loadin Finite element or finite difference structural analysis techniques shall be used to calculate the stresses, strains and displacements for complex design geometries and loading conditions.

47、Local structural models shall be constructed, as necessary, to augment the overall structural model in areas of rapidly varying stresses. Minimum material gage as specified in the design drawings shall be used in calculating stresses. strengths shall reflect the effects of temperature, thermal cycli

48、ng and Minimum margins of safety associated with the parent materials, weldments and heat-affected zones shall be calculated and tabulated for all pressure vessels and pressurized structures along with their locations and stress levels. The margins of safety shall be positive a ainst the strength an

49、d stiffness requirements of Section 4.!*2 and 4.2.3, respectively. Records of the stress analysis shall be maintained. analysis shall include the input parameters, data, assumptions, rationales, methods, references, and a summary of significant analysis results, and safe-life analysis. revised and updated to maintain currency for the life of the program. Psis O Safety conditions are sufficiently simple and the results are suffi