AISC 348-2014 Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts.pdf

1、 Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts August 1, 2014 Supersedes the December 31, 2009 Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts. Prepared by RCSC Committee A.1Specifications and approved by the Research Council on Structural Connections. www.boltcouncil.o

2、rg RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS c/o AISC, One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700, Chicago, Illinois 60601 Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-iiRCSC 2014 by Research Council on Structural Connections Al

3、l rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is b

4、elieved to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the mate

5、rial contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the Research Council on Structural Connections or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyon

6、e making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the p

7、rinting of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition. Printed in the United States of America Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, Au

8、gust 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-iii PREFACE The purpose of the Research Council on Structural Connections (RCSC) is: (1) To stimulate and support such investigation as may be deemed necessary and valuable to determine the suitability, strength and behavior of various typ

9、es of structural connections; (2) To promote the knowledge of economical and efficient practices relating to such structural connections; and, (3) To prepare and publish related specifications and such other documents as necessary to achieving its purpose. The Council membership consists of qualifie

10、d structural engineers from academic and research institutions, practicing design engineers, suppliers and manufacturers of fastener components, fabricators, erectors and code-writing authorities. The first Specification approved by the Council, called the Specification for Assembly of Structural Jo

11、ints Using High Tensile Steel Bolts, was published in January 1951. Since that time the Council has published seventeen successive editions. Each was developed through the deliberations and approval of the full Council membership and based upon past successful usage, advances in the state of knowled

12、ge and changes in engineering design practice. This edition of the Councils Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts continues the tradition of earlier editions. The major changes are: Appendix B provisions were incorporated directly into Section 5 of the Specification. Toleranc

13、es for the Turn-of- Nut method were adjusted. Glossary definitions for “pretension” were added. F1136 coating on F1852 and F2280 bolts was deleted from Table 2.1 in recognition that this coating has not been approved by ASTM for use on TC bolts. Slip critical equations in Section 5.4 were updated fo

14、r consistent with the AISC Specification. Clarification language was provided for approval requirements for hole sizes other than standard holes. The snug-tightened joint definition was redefined back to the 2004 definition due to issues regarding turn-of-nut tension requirements. In addition, typog

15、raphical changes have been made throughout this Specification. Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-ivBy the Research Council on Structural Connections, Allen J. Harrold Chairman Salim V. Brahimi Vice Chairman J

16、oe Greeenslade Secretary/Treasurer Toby Anderson Rick Babik Rodney L. Baxter Peter C. Birkemoe David W. Bogaty David Bornstein Richard C. Brown Bruce M. Butler Garret O. Byrne Charles J. Carter Helen H. Chen Robert J. Connor Bastiaan E. Cornelissen Chris Curven Nick E. Deal Jamie Deckard Dean G. Dro

17、ddy Peter Dusicka Mattew R. Eatherton Douglas B. Ferrell John W. Fisher Patrick J. Fortney Karl H. Frank Michael C. Friel James B. Gialamas Rodney D. Gibble Bill Germuga Jerome F. Hajjar Robert A. Hay III Todd Helwig Paul Herbst Ian C. Hodgson Charles E. Hundley Emmanuel P. Jefferson Ronald B. Johns

18、on Charles J. Kanapicki Peter F. Kasper Daniel J. Kaufman James S. Kennedy Richard F. Knobloch Lawrence Kruth Geoffrey L. Kulak Chad M. Larson Bill R. Lindley, II Kenneth B. Lohr Hussam N. Mahmoud Curtis Mayes Carly McGee Jonathan C. McGormley David L. McKenzie Neil L. McMillan Jinesh K. Mehta Kevin

19、 Menke Eugene R. Mitchell Thomas M. Murray Justin Ocel Aaron Prchlik Gian A. Rassati James M. Ricles Thomas J. Schlafly Gerald E. Schroeder Rachel Shanley David F. Sharp Robert E. Shaw, Jr. Victor Shneur W. Lee Shoemaker Jim Soma James A. Swanson Thomas S. Tarpy, Jr. William A. Thornton Raymond H.R.

20、 Tide Brad Tinney Todd C. Ude Amit H. Varma Floyd J. Vissat Charles J. Wilson Alfred F. Wong Joseph A. YuraSpecification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-v TABLE OF CONTENTS Symbols . vii Glossary ix Section 1. General Re

21、quirements 1 1.1. Scope . 1 1.2. Loads, Load Factors and Load Combinations . 1 1.3. Design for Strength Using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 1 1.4. Design for Strength Using Allowable Strength Design (ASD) . 2 1.5. Referenced Standards and Specifications 3 1.6. Drawing Information . 4 Sect

22、ion 2. Fastener Components . 5 2.1. Manufacturer Certification of Fastener Components 5 2.2. Storage of Fastener Components . 5 2.3. Heavy-Hex Structural Bolts 6 2.4. Heavy-Hex Nuts 13 2.5. Washers . 14 2.6. Washer-Type Indicating Devices 14 2.7. Twist-Off-Type Tension-Control Bolt Assemblies . 15 2

23、.8. Alternative-Design Fasteners 16 Section 3. Bolted Parts . 17 3.1. Connected Plies . 17 3.2. Faying Surfaces . 17 3.3. Bolt Holes . 21 3.4. Burrs 25 Section 4. Joint Type 26 4.1. Snug-Tightened Joints . 28 4.2. Pretensioned Joints 29 4.3. Slip-Critical Joints . 29 Section 5. Limit States in Bolte

24、d Joints 31 5.1. Nominal Shear and Tensile Strengths . 32 5.2. Combined Shear and Tension 35 5.3. Nominal Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes . 36 5.4. Design Slip Resistance 38 5.5. Tensile Fatigue 42 Section 6. Use of Washers 44 6.1. Snug-Tightened Joints . 44 6.2. Pretensioned Joints and Slip-Critical

25、 Joints 44 Section 7. Pre-Installation Verification 47 7.1. Tension Calibrator . 47 7.2. Required Testing . 49 Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-viSection 8. Installation . 51 8.1. Snug-Tightened Joints . 51

26、8.2. Pretensioned Joints and Slip-Critical Joints . 52 Section 9. Inspection . 60 9.1. Snug-Tightened Joints . 60 9.2. Pretensioned Joints 60 9.3. Slip-Critical Joints . 63 Section 10. Arbitration . 64 Appendix A. Testing Method to Determine the Slip Coefficient for Coatings Used in Bolted Joints .

27、66 A1. General Provisions 66 A2. Test Plates and Coating of the Specimens . 67 A3. Slip Tests . 70 A4. Tension Creep Tests 74 References . 76 Index 79 Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-vii SYMBOLS The followi

28、ng symbols are used in this Specification. AbCross-sectional area based upon the nominal diameter of bolt, in.2D Slip probability factor as described in Section 5.4.2 DuMultiplier that reflects the ratio of the mean installed bolt pretension to the specified minimum bolt pretension, Tm, as described

29、 in Section 5.4.1 FnNominal strength (per unit area), ksi FuSpecified minimum tensile strength (per unit area), ksi I Moment of inertia of the built-up member about the axis of buckling (see the Commentary to Section 5.4), in.4L Total length of the built-up member (see the Commentary to Section 5.4)

30、, in. LsLength of a connection measured between extreme bolt hole centers parallel to the line of force (see Table 5.1), in. LcClear distance, in the direction of load, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the adjacent hole or the edge of the material, in. NbNumber of bolts in the joint PuRe

31、quired strength in compression, kips; Axial compressive force in the built-up member (see the Commentary to Section 5.4), kips Q First moment of area of one component about the axis of buckling of the built-up member (see the Commentary to Section 5.4), in.3RnNominal strength, kips T Applied service

32、 load in tension, kips TmSpecified minimum bolt pretension (for pretensioned joints as specified in Table 8.1), kips TuRequired strength in tension (factored tensile load), kips Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 1

33、6.2-viii VuRequired strength in shear (factored shear load), kips dbNominal diameter of bolt, in. t Thickness of the connected material, in. t Total thickness of fillers or shims (see Section 5.1), in. ksSlip coefficient for an individual specimen determined in accordance with Appendix A Resistance

34、factor RnDesign strength, kips Mean slip coefficient Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-ixGLOSSARY The following terms are used in this Specification. Where used, they are italicized to alert the user that the

35、 term is defined in this Glossary. Allowable Strength. Nominal strength, Rn,divided by the safety factor, . Available Strength. Design Strength or Allowable Strength, as appropriate. ASD Load. Load due to a load combination in the applicable building code intended for allowable strength design (allo

36、wable stress design). Coated Faying Surface. A faying surface that has been primed, primed and painted or protected against corrosion, except by hot-dip galvanizing. Connection. An assembly of one or more joints that is used to transmit forces between two or more members. Contractor. The party or pa

37、rties responsible to provide, prepare and assemble the fastener components and connected parts described in this Specification. Design Strength. Rn, the resistance provided by an element or connection; the product of the nominal strength, Rn, and the resistance factor . Engineer of Record. The party

38、 responsible for the design of the structure and for the approvals that are required in this Specification (see Section 1.6 and the corresponding Commentary). Fastener Assembly. An assembly of fastener components that is supplied, tested and installed as a unit. Faying Surface. The plane of contact

39、between two plies of a joint. Firm Contact. The condition that exists on a faying surface when the plies are solidly seated against each other, but not necessarily in continuous contact. Galvanized Faying Surface. A faying surface that has been hot-dip galvanized. Grip. The total thickness of the pl

40、ies of a joint through which the bolt passes, exclusive of washers or direct-tension indicators. Guide. The Guide to Design Criteria for Bolted and Riveted Joints, 2ndEdition (Kulak et al., 1987). Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUC

41、TURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-x High-Strength Bolt. An ASTM A325 or A490 bolt, an ASTM F1852 or F2280 twist-off-type tension-control bolt or an alternative-design fastener that meets the requirements in Section 2.8. Inspector. The party responsible to ensure that the contractor has satisfied the provisions

42、 of this Specification in the work. Joint. A bolted assembly with or without collateral materials that is used to join two structural elements. Lot. In this Specification, the term lot shall be taken as that given in the ASTM Standard as follows: Product ASTM Standard See Lot Definition in ASTM Sect

43、ion Conventional bolts A325 9.4 A490 11.4 Twist-off-type tension-control bolt assemblies F1852 13.4 F2280 3.1.1 Nuts A563 9.2 Washers F436 9.2 Compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators F959 10.2.2 LRFD Load. Load due to a load combination in the applicable building code intended for strengt

44、h design (load and resistance factor design). Manufacturer. The party or parties that produce the components of the fastener assembly. Mean Slip Coefficient. , the ratio of the frictional shear load at the faying surface to the total normal force when slip occurs. Nominal Strength. The capacity of a

45、 structure or component to resist the effects of loads, as determined by computations using the specified material strengths and dimensions and equations derived from accepted principles of structural mechanics or by field tests or laboratory tests of scaled models, allowing for modeling effects and

46、 differences between laboratory and field conditions. Pretension (noun). A level of tension achieved in a fastener assembly through its installation, as required for pretensioned and slip-critical joints. Pretension (verb). The act of tightening a fastener assembly to a level required for pretension

47、ed and slip-critical joints. Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, August 1, 2014 RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 16.2-xiPretensioned Joint. A joint that transmits shear and/or tensile loads in which the bolts have been installed in accordance with Section 8.2 to

48、provide a pretension in the installed bolt. Protected Storage. The continuous protection of fastener components in closed containers in a protected shelter as described in the Commentary to Section 2.2. Prying Action. Lever action that exists in connections in which the line of application of the ap

49、plied load is eccentric to the axis of the bolt, causing deformation of the fitting and an amplification of the axial tension in the bolt. Required Strength. The load effect acting on an element or connection determined by structural analysis from the factored loads using the most appropriate critical load combination. Routine Observation. Periodic monitoring of the work in progress. Shear/Bearing Joint. A snug-tightened joint or pretensioned joint with bolts that transmit shear loads and for which the design criteria are based upon the shear str