1、 MARK 3AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLTRANSPONDER (ATCRBS/MODE S)ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 718-4PUBLISHED: DECEMBER 15, 1989AN DOCUMENTPrepared byAIRLINES ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING COMMITTEEPublished byAERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC.2551 RIVA ROAD, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND 21401This document is based on material submitted by vario
2、usparticipants during the drafting process. Neither AEEC nor ARINChas made any determination whether these materials could besubject to claims of patent or other proprietary rights by thirdparties, and no representation or warranty, express or implied, ismade in this regard. Any use of or reliance o
3、n this document shallconstitute an acceptance hereof “as is” and be subject to thisdisclaimer.REPLACEMENT PAGE REVISED: December 15, 1989Copyright 1998 byAERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC.2551 Riva RoadAnnapolis, Maryland 21401ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 718-4 MARK 3 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TRANSPONDER (ATCRBS/MODE S)Pu
4、blished: De cember 15, 1989Prepared by the Airlines Electronic Engineering CommitteeCharacteristic 718 Adopted by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee: December 6, 1978Characteristic 718-1 Adopted by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee: August 29, 1979Characteristic 718-2 Adopted
5、by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee: June 17, 1980Characteristic 718-3 Adopted by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee: March 11, 1981Characteristic 718-4 Adopted by the Air lines Electronic Engineering Committee: January 16, 1989FOREWORDActivities of AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC. (
6、ARINC)and thePurpose of ARINC CharacteristicsAeronautical Radio, Inc. is a corporation in which the United States scheduled airlines are the principalstockholders. Other stockholders include a variety of other air transport companies, aircraft manufacturers and non U.S.flag airlines.Activities of AR
7、INC include the operation of an extensive system of domestic and overseas aeronautical landradio stations, the fulfillment of systems requirements to accomplish ground and airborne compatibility, the allocationand assignment of frequencies to meet those needs, the coordination incident to standard a
8、irborne communications andelectronics systems and the exchange of technical information. ARINC sponsors the Airlines Electronic EngineeringCommittee (AEEC), composed of airline technical personnel. The AEEC formulates standards for electronic equipmentand systems for the airlines. The establishment
9、of Equipment Characteristics is a principal function of this Committee.An ARINC Equipment Characteristic is finalized after investigation and coordination with the airlines whohave a requirement or anticipate a requirement, with other aircraft operators, with the Military services having similarrequ
10、irements, and with the equipment manufacturers. It is released as an ARINC Equipment Characteristic only whenthe interested airline companies are in general agreement. Such a release does not commit any airline or ARINC topurchase equipment so described nor does it establish or indicate recognition
11、of the existence of an operationalrequirement for such equipment, not does it constitute endorsement of any manufacturers product designed or built tomeet the Characteristic. An ARINC Characteristic has a twofold purpose, which is:(1) To indicate to the prospective manufacturers of airline electroni
12、c equipment the considered opinion ofthe airline technical people, coordinated on an industry basis, concerning requisites of new equipment,and(2) To channel new equipment designs in a direction which can result in the maximum possiblestandardization of those physical and electrical characteristics
13、which influence interchangeability ofequipment without seriously hampering engineering initiative.iiTABLE OF CONTENTSITEM SUBJECT PAGEiii1.0 INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION 11.1 Purpose of This Characteristic 11.2 ATCRBS System Description 11.3 Mode S System Description 11.4 ATCRBS/Mode S Compatibility
14、 11.5 Transponder Functions 1-21.6 Unit Description 21.6.1 Transponder Unit 21.6.2 Transponder Control 21.6.3 Antenna 21.6.4 Altitude Reporting Data 21.6.5 Mode S Data Link 21.6.5.1 Interrogator-Transponder Interaction 2-31.6.5.2 Mode S Transmission Content 31.6.5.2.1 Address/Parity 31.6.5.2.2 Surve
15、illance 31.6.5.2.3 Data Link Communications 31.7 Interchangeability 31.7.1 General 3-41.7.2 Interchangeability Desired For the ARINC 718 Transponder System 41.7.3 “Generation Interchangeability” Considerations 41.8 Regulatory Approval 42.0 INTERCHANGEABILITY STANDARDS 52.1 Introduction 52.2 Form Fac
16、tor, Connectors and Index Pin Coding 52.2.1 Transponder Unit 52.2.2 “Standard Control Panel” 52.2.3 Antenna 52.3 Interwiring 5-62.4 Power Circuitry 62.4.1 Primary Power Input 62.4.2 Power Control Circuitry 62.4.3 The Common Ground 62.4.4 The AC Common Cold 62.5 Standard SM and ELM Interface 62.6 Env
17、ironmental Conditions 62.7 Cooling 62.8 Grounding and Bonding 6-73.0 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 83.1 Purpose of This Chapter 8-93.2 ATCRBS/Mode S Compatibility 93.3 Interrogation Signal Characteristics 93.3.1 ATCRBS Interrogations 93.3.1.1 ATCRBS Interrogation Modes 93.3.1.2 ATCRBS Interrogation Pulse P
18、arameters 93.3.1.3 ATCRBS Interrogation Carrier Frequency 93.3.1.4 ATCRBS Side Lobe Suppression Provisions 93.3.2 Mode S Sensor Interrogation 93.3.2.1 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Interrogations 93.3.2.1.1 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Interrogations Mode S 93.3.2.1.2 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Interrogation Pulse P
19、arameters 93.3.2.1.3 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Interrogation Carrier Frequency 93.3.2.1.4 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Side Lobe Suppression Provisions 93.3.2.2 Mode S Interrogations 9TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd)ITEM SUBJECT PAGEiv3.3.2.2.1 Mode S Preamble 93.3.2.2.2 Mode S Data Block 93.3.2.2.3 Mode S Interrog
20、ation Data Block Modulation 9-103.3.2.2.4 Sync Modulation 103.3.2.2.5 Data Modulation and Message Format 103.3.2.2.5.1 Data Block Message Format 103.3.2.2.6 Mode S Interrogation Carrier Frequency 103.3.2.2.7 Mode S Side Lobe Suppression (SLS) Provisions 103.3.2.2.7.1 Mode S (SLS) Pulse Shape 103.3.2
21、.2.7.2 Mode S (SLS) Pulse Level 103.3.2.2.7.3 Mode S (SLS) Pulse Carrier Frequency 103.4 Reply Transmission Characteristics (Signals-In-Space) 103.4.1 ATCRBS Reply Transmissions 103.4.1.1 ATCRBS Framing Pulses 103.4.1.2 ATCRBS Information Pulses 10-113.4.1.3 Special Position Identification (“Ident”)
22、 Pulse 113.4.1.4 ATCRBS Reply Pulse Interval Tolerances 113.4.1.5 ATCRBS Reply Pulse Parameters 113.4.2 Mode S Reply Transmissions 113.4.2.1 Mode S Reply Preamble 113.4.2.2 Mode S Reply Data Block 113.4.2.3 Mode S Reply Pulse Shape 113.4.2.4 Mode S Reply Pulse Interval Tolerance 113.4.2.5 Mode S Rep
23、ly Data Block Message Format 113.4.3 Reply Carrier Frequency 113.5 ATC System Use of Mode S 113.6 Sources of Reply Code Data 11-124.0 TRANSPONDER UNIT DESCRIPTION 124.1 Functional Capability 124.1.1 General 124.1.2 Transponder Functions 124.1.2.1 ATCRBS Functions 134.1.2.2 Mode S Functions 13-144.1.
24、3 Transponder Control 144.1.3.1 Dual Installations 144.2 Transponder Receiver Characteristics 144.2.1 Receiver Center Frequency and Bandwidth 144.2.2 Image Response 144.2.3 Other Spurious Responses 144.2.4 IF Pickup Rejection 144.2.5 RF Rejection 144.2.6 CW Discrimination 154.2.7 Interrogation Modes
25、 154.2.7.1 ATCRBS Interrogation Modes 154.2.7.2 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Interrogation Modes 154.2.7.3 Mode S Interrogation Modes 154.2.8 Receiver Sensitivity and Minimum Triggering Level (MTL) 154.2.8.1 ATCRBS and ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Interrogation Modes 154.2.8.2 Mode S Interrogation Modes 15-164.
26、2.8.2.1 Mode S Dynamic Range 164.2.8.2.2 Mode S No-Reply 164.2.9 Decoding of Interrogations 164.2.10 Sidelobe Suppression 164.2.10.1 ATCRBS Interrogations 164.2.10.2 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Interrogations 16-174.2.10.3 ATCRBS and ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Suppression 174.2.10.4 ATCRBS and ATCRBS/Mode S
27、All-Call Suppression Duration 17TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd)ITEM SUBJECT PAGEv4.2.10.5 Mode S Sidelobe Suppression 174.2.11 Pulse Decoder Tolerances 174.2.11.1 ATCRBS Mode Interrogations 174.2.11.2 ATCRBS/Mode S All-Call Mode Interrogations 174.2.11.3 Mode S Mode Interrogation Preambles 174.2.12 Receiv
28、er Desensitization Mode S transpondersreply to ATCRBS interrogations under all circumstances.As a Mode S aircraft flies into airspace served by anotherMode S interrogator, the first Mode S interrogator maypass position information and the aircrafts discreteaddress via ground lines to the interrogato
29、r nowproviding service. Thus, the need to unlock the Mode Stransponder may be eliminated, and the secondinterrogator immediately schedules discrete roll-callinterrogations for the aircraft. In regions where Mode Sinterrogators are not connected, a protocol exists whichprovides for the Mode S transpo
30、nder to be in a lockoutstate for only those interrogators which have the aircrafton roll-call. Therefore, as the aircraft flies into airspaceserved by a new Mode S interrogator, the newinterrogator can acquire the aircraft via its reply to aMode S only All-Call interrogation. The Mode S-OnlyAll-Call
31、 is used by interrogators if Mode S targets are tobe acquired without eliciting replies from ATCRBStargets that may be present. The destination address ofthis interrogation consists of all ONEs. All Mode Stransponders will reply to this interrogation, giving theirdiscrete address. In turn, an ATCRBS
32、-Only All-Call isused by the interrogator if ATCRBS targets are to beacquired without eliciting replies from Mode S targets.Aircraft are tracked by the interrogator throughout itsassigned airspace. A Mode S aircraft reports in its-4-4-4-4REPLACEMENT PAGE REVISED DATE: December 15, 1989ARINC CHARACTE
33、RISTIC 718 - Page 31.6.5.1 Interrogator-Transponder Interaction (contd)replies either its altitude or its ATCRBS 4096 code,depending on the type of discrete interrogation received. During each scan, interrogations of ATCRBS aircraft aremade in both Mode A and Mode C. If, on scanningthrough a Mode S-
34、equipped aircrafts location, theinterrogator does not receive a valid reply, it canreinterrogate a limited number of times. Interrogatorsnormally interrogate at low power and reinterrogate athigh power when the low power attempt fails. SeveralATCRBS/Mode S All-Call interrogations are transmittedduri
35、ng the time each ATCRBS target is in the beam. Thusboth ATCRBS and Mode S aircraft are served whenflying through the system with a minimum of RF channelloading.1.6.5.2 Mode S Transmission ContentThe Mode S transponder should have the capability oftransferring out the message contents of Mode S“Exten
36、ded Length Message (ELM)” uplink transmission.While no provisions need be made for reading in themessage content of multiple block ELM downlinktransmissions, the transponder must reply to a Comm-Cmessage with a 112-bit Comm-D reply, with KE=1. (SeeAttachment 5). The ELM interface is described inChap
37、ter 4.7 of this Characteristic.1.6.5.2.1 Address/ParityAll discrete Mode S interrogations (56-bit or 112-bit) andreplies (except the All -Call reply) contain the 24-bitdiscrete address of the Mode S transponder upon which24 error-detecting parity check bits are overlaid. In theAll-Call reply, the 24
38、 parity check bits are overlaid on theMode S interrogators identify code (II subfield) and thetransponders discrete address is included in the text ofthe reply.COMMENTARYMode S Address AssignmentBlocks of Mode S address codes will be allocated toState aircraft registration authorities by theInternat
39、ional Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).Individual States will set up their own arrangementsfor code assignments, however, it is expected thatusers will apply to their State regulatory authoritiesfor the code assignments for their aircraft.1.6.5.2.2 Surveillancethe Mode S transponder this function
40、can beaccomplished by use of “short” (56-bit) transmissions inboth directions. In these transmissions, the aircraftreports its altitude or ATCRBS 4096 code as well as itsflight status (airborne, on the ground, alert, SpecialPosition Identification (SPI), etc.).The “squitter” transmission is an All-C
41、all reply which istransmitted by a transponder approximately once everysecond, alternating between upper and lower antennas.The squitter signal is observed by aircraft equipped withairborne collision avoidance systems.Air -to-air interrogations from airborne collisionavoidance systems are addressed
42、to Mode S-equippedaircraft based upon the address extracted from squittersignals. These interrogations are used for Mode S targettracking and collision threat assessment.1.6.5.2.3 Data Link CommunicationsThe discrete addressing and digital encoding of Mode Stransmissions permit their use as a digita
43、l data link.Certain interrogation and reply formats of the Mode Ssystem contain coding space for the transmission of data.Such data transmissions may be used for air trafficcontrol purposes, air-to-air data interchange for collisionavoidance, or may be used to provide flight advisoryservices such as
44、 weather reports, Automated TerminalInformation System (ATIS), etc.COMMENTARYAir -to-Air data is exchanged with the traffic alertand collision avoidance system (TCAS) to achievecollision avoidance. The formats of data wordsexchanged between the Mode S transponder and theTCAS computer unit are define
45、d in ARINCCharacteristic 735.Most Mode S data link transmission will be handled asone 56-bit message included as part of “long” 112-bitinterrogations or replies. These transmission include themessage in addition to surveillance data, and thus willgenerally be used in place of, rather than in additio
46、n to, asurveillance interrogation and/or reply.An efficient transmission of longer messages isaccomplished by the extended length message (ELM)capability. Using this capability, a sequence of up tosixteen 80-bit message segments (each within a 112-bittransmission) can be transmitted, either ground-t
47、o-air orair-to-ground and can be acknowledged with a singlereply/interrogation. ELMs do not contain surveillancedata and thus cannot substitute for a surveillanceinterrogation -reply cycle.1.7 Interchangeability1.7.1 GeneralOne of the primary functions of an ARINC EquipmentCharacteristic is to desig
48、nate, in addition to certainperformance parameters, the interchangeability desiredfor equipment produced by different manufacturers. Themanufacturer is referred to Section 1.6 of ARINC ReportNo. 414 for definitions of Terms and GeneralRequirements of the airline industry forinterchangeability. As ex
49、plained in that report, the degreeof interchangeability considered necessary and attainablefor each particular equipment is specified in the pertinentARINC Equipment Characteristic for that system.-4-4-1-4REPLACEMENT PAGE REVISED DATE: December 15, 1989ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 718 - Page 41.7.2 Interchangeability Desired For the ARINC 718Transponder SystemUnit interchangeability is desired for the transponder unit,the control panel and the antenna regardless ofmanufacturing source of the individual items.1.7.3 “Generation Interchangeability” ConsiderationsIn defining the equi
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