API MPMS 22.4-2018 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 22.4 Testing Protocol for Pressure Differential Pressure and Temperature Measuring Devices (FIRST EDITION).pdf

1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 22.4Testing Protocol for Pressure, Differential Pressure, and Temperature Measuring DevicesFIRST EDITION, JULY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state

2、, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contai

3、ned herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe

4、 upon privately owned rights.Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Manual of

5、 Petroleum Measurement Standards should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained therein.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effor

6、t has been made by the Institute to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultin

7、g from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for ap

8、plying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the ma

9、rking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reprodu

10、ced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2018 Ameri

11、can Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con

12、strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.Should: As used in a standard, “shoul

13、d” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.This d

14、ocument was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the proc

15、edures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addre

16、ssed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8

17、000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Field of Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Parameter Variations Affecting Device Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 API 22.4 Baseline Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 Influence Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 Special Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 Transmitter and Data Acquisition Conditioning and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 Test Data and Calculated Results . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 API 22.4 Baseline Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 Influence Testing.

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6 External Interference Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . 107 Test Facility Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.1 Lab/Facility Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 Audit Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Uncertainty Analysis and Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 Types of Uncertainty Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Test Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A (informative) Refinement of Transmitter API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy with Verification Data . . . . . 22Annex B (normative) Linearity, Hysteresis, Repeatability, API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy and Calculations . . 27Annex C (norma

30、tive) Rangeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Annex D (normative) Field Calibration vs Field Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Figures1 Typi

31、cal Test Installation for Digital and Analog Output Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracyTest Data and Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracyRepeatabili

32、ty/Hysteresis Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracySummary Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracyTest Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . 166 Section 6.4.2, API 22.4 Temperature Transmitter Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17ivContentsPage7 Section 6.5.1, Ambient Operation Temperature InfluenceZero and Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Section 6.

34、5.2, Day/Night Cycle TestPressure and Differential Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Section 6.5.3, Pressure Operating Effect on Differential Pressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1910 Section 6.5.4.1, PressurePressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 Section 6.5.4.2, PressureDifferential Pressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 Section 6.5.4.3, Operating Over-rangeDifferential Pressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . .

36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21A.1 Percentage of Span and Percentage of Reading Representation of a 0.1 % of Span Accuracy . . . . . . 22A.2 Verification Data with API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy Error Bars and Percent of Reading Uncertainty . . 23A.3 Uncertainty Calculation Limited by the Next Lower Verif

37、ication Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24A.4 Slope Trim of the 40 Percent Verification Point and the As-left Verification Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25A.5 API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy Nonlinearity and Uncertainty Based on Verification Data . . . . . . . . . . .

38、. . 26A.6 Simplified API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy Nonlinearity and Uncertainty Based on Verification Data . . . . 26B.1 Example of Transmitter Digital Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27B.2 Example of Transmitter Digital Tes

39、t Results Linearity Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28B.3 Example of Transmitter Digital Test Results Repeatability Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29B.4 Example of Transmitter Digital Test Results Hysteresis Calculations . . . .

40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30B.5 Example Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.6 Example Calculations Based on Test Results in Figure B.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32C.1 Example of Standard and Extended Calibrated Span Turndown Rangeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Tables1 Matrix of API 22.4 Testing Requirements for Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、. 32 Minimum Required Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Electronics Ambient Temperature and Sensor Temperature Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Ambient Temperature T

43、est Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Differential Pressure TransmitterOperating Pressure Test Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Pressure Maximum Operating Pressure Test Cy

44、cle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Differential Pressure Maximum Pressure Test Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 150 % Over-range Test Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Required Tests and Example Test Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vIntroductionThis document defines the testing protocol and reporting protoc

46、ols for families of devices used to measure differential pressure, pressure, and temperature for the purpose of determining flow rates for hydrocarbon fluids. This testing protocol is designed to supply industry with capabilities of these devices that can be compared when they are used under similar

47、 operating conditions. The objectives of this testing protocol are to: a) Ensure that the user of any differential pressure, pressure, and temperature device knows its performance characteristics under the prescribed Chapter 22.4 testing conditions (units should only be compared when tested at the s

48、ame time), b) Facilitate both the understanding and the introduction of new technologies,c) Provide information about relative performance characteristics of the differential pressure, pressure, and temperature devices under standardized API 22.4 testing protocol, andd) Provide a standardized proces

49、s for reporting transmitter API 22.4 tested performance.To accomplish these objectives, this testing protocol defines the test limits for operating conditions of the devices, the requirements of the facility or facilities to perform the tests and encompasses any device capable of measuring differential pressure, pressure, and temperature.vi1Testing Protocol for Pressure, Differential Pressure, and Temperature Measuring Devices1 Scope This testing protocol documents the method for testing the performance characteristics specific to pressure, differential pressure, and temperature