1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 22.6Testing Protocol for Gas ChromatographsFIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2015Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be re
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9、retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2015 American Petroleum InstituteForewo
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11、inst liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specifi
12、cation.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concer
13、ning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should
14、also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephon
15、e (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Sco
16、pe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.3 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Safety Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Parameter Variations Affecting Device Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 Selection of Relevant Test Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.2 Mandatory Baseline (Ideal Condition) Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 Mandatory Non-Ideal Condition Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 Non-Mandatory Special Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Performance Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.1 Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.2 Test Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.3 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.4 Mandatory Baseline (Ideal Condition) Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.5 Mandatory Non-Ideal C
25、ondition Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.6 Non-Mandatory Special Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.7 Testing Document
26、ation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.8 Testing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . 237 Test Facility Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Uncertainty Analysis and Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . 328.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328.2 Types of Uncertainty Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328.3 How to Calculate Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.4 Presentation of Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Figures1 Parameter Variations and Information Produced by Mandatory Baseline Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Parameter Variations and Information Produced by Mandatory Non-Ideal
32、 Condition Testing . . . . . . . . 123 Parameter Variations and Information Produced by Non-Mandatory Special Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Example Installation for GC Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、155 Example of Soak Periods and Transients in a Quantity of Interest for Tests of Transient Conditions . . 28Tables1 Applicability of Testing Procedures to Specific Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Example Test Gas Matrix . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Example Repeatability Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Example Calculation of Combined
35、Uncertainties in GC Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Example Calculation of Combined Uncertainties in Gas Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42vIntroductionGas chromatographs (GCs) with improved design and performance cla
36、ims are regularly introduced to the natural gas industry. Natural gas companies that purchase these GCs often have to debug these units, eliminate problems, and evaluate field performance characteristics and specifications of the units at their own expense. Often several companies form a consortium
37、to conduct performance verification tests on such devices, while individual companies may also perform their own tests that unnecessarily duplicate effort.The need for a standardized testing protocol to assess the performance of GC technology that will allow test results to be recognized by regulato
38、rs and accepted by the user community is recognized by the natural gas industry. Test results published in a specified format and obtained by following an industry-accepted uniform testing protocol will benefit the natural gas industry and save the industry from duplication of effort. To meet this n
39、eed, this general GC performance test protocol specifies the scope and reporting requirements of GC tests for repeatability, reproducibility, and response. This document specifies requirements for tests over a range of gas compositions, tests over a range of operating conditions, and tests with vari
40、ations in other external parameters that may influence GC performance.Many existing industry standards and accepted practices for the analysis of natural gas by gas chromatography were reviewed for the development of this protocol. Applicable standards at the time this document was written are liste
41、d in the Bibliography. It is not the intent of this protocol to replace these standards, but to allow those who perform the tests to incorporate these standards into the testing process where possible.This protocol does not specify acceptance criteria for GCs undergoing tests, nor does it permit tho
42、se who perform the tests to set acceptance criteria within the test procedures or judge the usefulness of a GC for a particular application. The end-users of test reports created using this protocol should choose acceptance criteria for GCs based on their individual applications and requirements.vii
43、1Testing Protocol for Gas Chromatographs1 ScopeThis standard is a general gas chromatograph (GC) performance test protocol. It specifies the scope and reporting requirements of GC tests for repeatability, reproducibility, and response linearity. The protocol specifies requirements for tests over a r
44、ange of gas compositions, tests over a range of environmental conditions, and long-term performance tests.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
45、 latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 14Natural Gas Fluids Measurement, Part 1Collecting and Handling of Natural Gas Samples for Custody Transfer, February 2006GPA Standard 2198 1, Selection, Prepa
46、ration, Validation, Care and Storage of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Reference Standard Blends3 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols3.1 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1.1 acceptance criteriaDefined upper and lower
47、limits for accepting the value of a process variable which is being monitored.3.1.2 ambient conditionsThe conditions (pressure, temperature, humidity, etc.) of the medium surrounding an object such as the case of a meter, instrument, transducer, etc.3.1.3 atmospheric pressureThe pressure exerted by
48、the weight of the atmosphere. At sea level, the pressure is approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch (101 kilopascals), often referred to as 1 atmosphere, atmospheric pressure, or pressure of one atmosphere.3.1.4 barometric pressureAmbient pressure in an absolute pressure scale monitored or display
49、ed by a barometer.3.1.5 biasAny influence on a result that produces an incorrect approximation of the true value of the variable being measured. Bias is the result of a predictable systematic error.1Gas Processors Association, 6526 E. 60th Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74145, www.gpaglobal.org.2 API MPMS CHAPTER 22.63.1.6 calibrationThe process or procedure of adjusting an instrument, such as a meter, so that its indication or registration is in satisfactorily close agreement with a reference standard. 3.1.7 carrier gasA pure gas introduced so as to transport a sample through the separation u
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