API MPMS 4.9.1-2005 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 4-Proving Systems Section 9-Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank Provers Part 1-Introdul.pdf

1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 4Proving SystemsSection 9Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank ProversPart 1Introduction to the Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank ProversFIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 2005REAFFIRMED, JULY 2015Manual of PetroleumMeasure

2、ment StandardsChapter 4Proving SystemsSection 9Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank ProversPart 1Introduction to the Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank ProversMeasurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 2005REAFFIRMED, JULY 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publication

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9、cable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho

10、tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2005 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis multi-part publication consolidates and standardizes calibratio

11、n procedures for dis-placement and volumetric tank provers used in the metering of petroleum liquids. It pro-vides essential information on the operations involved in obtaining a valid, accurate and acceptable prover volume by different calibration methods. Units of measure in this publica-tion are

12、in the International System (SI) and United States Customary (USC) units consistent with North American industry practices. Part 1 is the introduction and contains those aspects that are generic to the various methods of calibration, including waterdraw (WD), master meter (MM) and gravimetric (GM).

13、Each subsequent part is intended to be used in conjunction with Part 1 for the particular calibration procedure described. This section con-sists of the following four parts:Part 1Introduction to the Determination of theVolume of Displacementand Tank Provers“Part 2Determination of the Volume of Disp

14、lacementand Tank Provers by the Waterdraw Method of Calibration“Part 3Determination of the Volume of DisplacementProvers by the Master Meter Method of CalibrationPart 4Determination of the Volume of DisplacementProvers by the Gravimetric Method of CalibrationThis standard was developed through the c

15、ooperative efforts of many individuals from the petroleum industry, under the sponsorship of the American Petroleum Institute.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by impli-cation or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, o

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19、ve years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street

20、, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage1.0 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 U.S. Customary and Metric (SI) Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 National Weights and Measures Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.0 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13.0 REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . .24.0 TERMS, SYMBOLS AND APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.1 Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.2 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34.3 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.0 TYPES OF PROVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.1 Displacement Type Unidirectional Provers With Free Displacers . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.2 Displacement Type Bi-directional Provers with Free Displacers. . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.3 Displacement Type Meter Provers With Captive Displacers . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . .65.4 Displacement Type Meter Provers with Multiple Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.5 Atmospheric Tank Provers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.0 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.1 Prover Detector Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.2 Launching Chambers and Transfer Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.3 Sphere Interchanges. . . . .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86.4 Four-Way Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86.5 Displacers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86.6 Valves, Relief Valves, Drains and Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96.7 Temperature and Pressure Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96.8 Hoses, Pumps and Connections. . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.9 Solenoid Valves and Logic Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.10 Field Standard Test Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.11 M

31、aster Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.12 Master Prover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.13 Mobile Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.14 Gravimetric Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117.0 DOCUMENTATION AND RECORD KEEPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118.0 CALIBRATION TROUBLESHOOTI

33、NG GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12APPENDIX A (INFORMATIVE) CALIBRATION WITNESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15APPENDIX B (INFORMATIVE) A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE FREQUENCY OF CALIBRATING PIPE PROVERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17vCONTENTSPageFigures1 Bi-direc

34、tional Prover Orientation of “Left” and “Right” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Examples of Multi-volume Prover Detector Switch Configurations . . . . . . . . . 18Table1 Example Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Cha

35、pter 4Proving SystemsSection 9Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank ProversPart 1Introduction to the Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank Provers1.0 IntroductionProvers are precision devices, defined as volumetric standards, which are used to verify the accuracy

36、 of liquid volumetric meters used for custody transfer measurement. Both displacement and tank provers are used to prove a meter in order to obtain its meter factor, which is then used to correct for meter error caused by differences between the metered volume and the true volume. The base volume of

37、 a displacement or tank prover, determined by calibration, is an essential requirement in the determination of these meter factors. The accuracy of a meter factor is limited by several considerations, as shown below. Equipment Performance Observation Errors Prover Volume Calibration Errors Calculati

38、on ErrorsAll prover volumes used to calibrate meters shall be determined by calibration and not by theoretical calculation. Volumetric provers have an exact reference volume, which has been determined by a recognized method of calibration. Techniques for the determination of this reference volume in

39、clude the waterdraw, master meter and gravimetric methods of calibration. Parts 2, 3 and 4 (currently under development) of this standard (API MPMS Chapter 4, Section 9) are used to accurately determine the cali-brated volume of meter provers.1.1 U.S. CUSTOMARY AND METRIC (SI) UNITSThis standard pre

40、sents both International System (SI) and U.S. Customary (USC) units, and may be implemented in either system of units. The system of units to be used is typically determined by contract, regulatory requirement, the manufacturer, or the users calibration program. Once a system of units is chosen for

41、a given application, it is not the intent of this standard to allow the arbitrary changing of units within this standard.1.2 NATIONAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AGENCIESThroughout this document issues of traceability are addressed by references to NIST (National Institute of Standards and Tech-nology). Ho

42、wever, other appropriate national metrology institutes can be referenced.1.3 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONSThere is no intent to cover safety aspects of conducting the work described in this standard, and it is the duty of the user to be familiar with all applicable safe work practices. It is also the duty o

43、f the user to comply with all existing federal, state or local reg-ulations (for example, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration) that govern the types of activities described in this standard, and to be familiar with all such safety and health regulations.2.0 ScopeChapter 4, Section 9 co

44、vers all the procedures required to determine the field data necessary to calculate a Base Prover Volume (BPV) of either Displacement Provers or Volumetric Tank Provers. It will enable the user to perform all the activities necessary to prepare the prover, conduct calibration runs, and record all th

45、e required data necessary to calculate the base volumes of displace-ment and tank provers. Evaluation of the results and troubleshooting of many calibration problems are also discussed.This component, Chapter 4, Section 9, Part 1, is the Introduction, and contains all those relevant aspects that are

46、 general in nature, yet essential and applicable to all the different methods of calibration. Therefore, each subsequent part, which describes a specific method of prover calibration, must be used with Part 1. Together the two parts contain all the information that is essential to com-plete the requ

47、ired method of calibration.2CHAPTER 4PROVING SYSTEMSDetailed calculation procedures are not included in this standard. For the complete details of the calculations for each calibration method, refer to the appropriate parts of the latest edition of the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards,

48、Chapter 12, Section 2.3.0 Reference PublicationsPublications that provided background information, and are a source of reference material on subjects related to prover calibration include the following:American Petroleum InstituteManual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS)Chapter 1, “Vocabulary

49、”Chapter 4, “Proving Systems”Chapter 5, “Metering”Chapter 7, “Temperature Determination”Chapter 9, “Density Determination”Chapter 11, “Physical Properties Data”Chapter 12, “Calculation of Petroleum Quantities”Chapter 13, “Statistical Aspects of Measuring and SamplingChapter 15, “Guidelines for Use of the International System of Units (SI) in the Petroleum and Allied Industries”NIST1Handbook 105 Specifications and Tolerances for Reference Standards and Field Standard Weights and MeasuresPart 3 Specifications and Tolerances for Graduated Neck-Type Volumetric Field Standa