1、 Access to Additional Content for PUBL 4676 (Click here to view the publication) This Page is not part of the original publication This page has been added by IHS as a convenience to the user in order to provide access to additional content as authorized by the Copyright holder of this document Clic
2、k the link(s) below to access the content and use normal procedures for downloading or opening the files. Files associated with PUBL 4679 Information contained in the above is the property of the Copyright holder and all Notice of Disclaimer & Limitation of Liability of the Copyright holder apply. I
3、f you have any questions, or need technical assistance please contact IHS Support. IHS Additional Content Page herican 1220 L Street, Nofthwest Petroleum Washington, DC 20005-4070 Institute 202-682-8321 146790E June 16,1999 To: Consumers of APIs Amine Unit Air Emissions Model (AMINECalc) Version 1,
4、O, Sohare and Users Manual (Pub No. 4679) From: The American Petroleum Institute: Health and Environmental Sciences Department The telephone and fax numbers at DB Robinson Research Ltd. have recently changed. For technical support, please contact DB Robinson Research Ltd., Edmonton, Canada by using
5、the following: Telephone: (780) 463-8638 E-mail: support, Fax: (780) 450-1668 Also, please note that there is a typographical error in the AMINECalc example print page for the Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) volumetric flow rate (gdmin). AMINECalc (version 1 .O prints the correct volumetric flow rate but t
6、he units are incorrectly printed as lb/h instead of gaimin (page B-17). The error does not effect the calculated results. The error will be corrected in the next version of AMINECalc. STD*API/PETRO PUBL 4679-ENGL 1999 E 0732290 0626717 332 E American Petroleum Institute AMINE UNIT EMISSIONS MODEL AM
7、INECALC VERSION 1.0 USERS MANUAL . HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT PUBLICATION NUMBER 4679 JANUARY 1999 SWEET GAS Y AMINE SOLVENT OoLER FLASH AMINE GAS u- FLASH TANK LEAN / RICH HEAT EXCHANGER Y- _) i R E G E N E R A T O R ACID GAS TO SULFUR COOLER REBOILER “r SOLVENT BOOSTER PUMP STD-A
8、PI/PETRO PUBL 4b79-ENGL 1797 0732290 Ob26718 277 = - For Technical Support: (403) 463-8638 DB ROBINSON AND ASSOCIATES, Lm. 94 19-20 AVENUE. EDMONTON, ALBERTA T6N 1E5 CANADA FAX: (403) 450- 1668 , Record the AMINECalc Registration Number from the enclosed registration form: I46790 - STD=API/PETRO PUB
9、L 4679-ENGL 1999 0732290 0626739 LO5 E Amine Unit Emissions Model AMINECalc Version 1 .O User?s Manual Health and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4679 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: DB ROBERTSON RESEARCH LTD. EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA JANUARY 1999 American Petroleum Institute S
10、TD.API/PETRO PUBL 4679-ENGL 1999 H 0732290 0626720 927 H FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MA
11、NUFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY T“ AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RI
12、GHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR I“GEMENT OF LETERS PATENT. THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL- All rights reserved. No part
13、 of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, wirhour prior written permissionfrom the publishex Contact the publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N. W, Wmhington, D.C. 20005. Co
14、pyright Q 1999 Ame.ricau Petroleum Institute, iii Previous page is blank. I STD-API/PETRO PUBL 4677-ENGL 1797 0732270 Ob26721 8b3 m ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT: API STAFF CONT
15、ACT Paul Martino, Health and Environmental Sciences Department MEMBERS OF THE PROJECT GROUP Tom Backhouse, Phillips Petroleum Vance Burton, Mobil E & P William Fishback, Mobil E & P Wayne Hamilton, Shell Robert Lott, GRI Jim McCarthy, GRI Vernon Schievelbein, Texaco Andy Shah, Conoco Dan Van Der Zan
16、den, Chevron Charles Wallace, Shell Gary Webster, Canadian Assn. of Petroleum Producers Jenny Yang, Marathon V Previous page is blank. STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4b79-ENGL 1999 0732290 Ob2b722 7TT W CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 3 Typical Flow Diagram of an Amine Sweetening Unit . 3
17、CHAPTER 2 INSTALLING AMINECaic 5 System Requirements . 5 Installing AMINECalc . 5 CHAPTER 3 GEiTXNG STARTED 7 Starting AMINECalc 7 Project Setup 8 AMlNECalc Desktop . 9 Menu Bar . 9 Toolb ar . 10 Project Setup Viewing Box . 10 Message Box 11 Status Bar . 11 Process Flowsheet 12 Data Input Mode 12 Da
18、ta Output Mode . 12 Unit Systems 13 International System (SI) Units . 13 Engineering Units 13 CHAPTER 4 RUNNING AMINECalc . 15 Calculation Models 15 Mass Balance Calculation 15 Process Flowsheet 16 Input Data 16 Flash Tank Pressure 16 Rich Amine to Flash Tank 17 Lean Amine from Regenerator 17 Gas Pr
19、ocess Simulation 18 Process Flowsheet 18 Input Data 18 Sour Gas Feed . 19 Absorber 19 Flash Tank Pressure 20 Lean Amine from Regenerator 20 Previous page is blank . STD.API/PETRO PUBL Qb79-ENGL 1779 W O732290 0626723 b3b m CONTENTS (continued) CHAPTER 4 RUNNING AMINECalc (continued) Naturai Gas Liqu
20、id (NGL) Process Simulation . 20 Process Flowsheet 20 Input Data 20 NGL Feed 21 Absorber 21 Flash Tank Pressure 21 Lean Amine from Regenerator 21 Executing Simulations 22 CHAPTER 5 VIEWING AND PRINTING RESULTS 23 Viewing and Printing Full Reports 23 Saving and Copying Reports 24 Viewing and Printing
21、 a Stream Output 25 APPENDIX A TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF AMINECalc . A-1 Thermodynamic Models A-3 Phase Equilibria A-3 Chemical Equilibria A4 Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction . A-6 Non-Equilibrium Stage Model . A-7 Calculation Options of AMINECalc A-8 Option 1 : Mass Balance Calculation . A-8 Opti
22、on 2: Gas Process Simulation . A-8 Option 3: NGL Process Simulation . A-9 Flow Diagram for Mass Balance Calculation . A-9 Input Requirements for Each Calculation ption . A-11 Flow Diagram for Sour GasmGL Process Simulation . A-10 Chemical Components . A- 12 Program Limitations . A-13 Program Validat
23、ion A-13 APPENDIX B STANDARD EXAMPLES B-1 Mass Balance Calculation B-3 Gas Process Simulation B-9 NGL Process Simulation B- 15 APPENDIX C: REFERENCES C-1 STD*API/PETRO PUBL 4b79-ENGL 1997 0732270 Ob2b724 572 W EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document describes a software simulation package called Amine Unit
24、Air Emissions Model (AMINECalc Version 1.0). This package is designed to estimate hydrocarbon emissions from amine based sour gas and natural gas liquid (NGL) sweetening units. The output generated by the software package is suitable for regulatory reporting, which will be performed by the unit oper
25、ators according to the schedule derived from the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. The development of AMINECalc was funded by the American Petroleum Institute (API). The major objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive software simulator which, with its verifiable predictions, wi
26、ll gain acceptance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). At the same time, the simulator, with its easy-to-use interface, will be accepted by amine unit operators. The calculation algorithm of this package is based on commercial software developed originally by DB Robinson Research Ltd.
27、 Equipped with a rigorous non-equilibrium stage model and the Peng-Robinson equation of state, the commercial software was designed for providing accurate and reliable solutions to sour gas and liquefied petroleum gas processes. Traditionally, the emphasis of the commercial software was on acid gas
28、(H2S and COZ) removal, and its predictions have been constantly checked against real plant data. In this study, the commercial software has been re-engineered and enhanced to accommodate three types of calculations (mass balance calculation, gas process simulation, and NGL process simulation) requir
29、ed by the AMINECalc project. Emphasis has been on hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from amine unit emissions. 1 STD-API/PETRO PUBL 4b79-ENGL L999 H 0732290 062b725 409 S O R B E SOURGAS CHAPTER 1 SOLVEN
30、T OoLER PUMP INTRODUCTION N E R A T O Rt The removal of acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas streams or natural gas liquid (NGL) streams is often required in gas plants and in oil refineries. Among many treating processes, the absorption technology usin
31、g aqueous solutions of aikanolamines is popular for economic reasons. L I The foilowing figure depicts a simplified flow diagram of a typical amine sweetening unit. Typical Flow Diagram of an Amine Sweetening Unit SWEET GAS r FLASH TANK LEAN / RICH HEAT EXCHANGER ACID GAS TO SULFUR RECOVERY u I REBO
32、ILER SOLVENT BOOSTER PUMP 3 Previous page is blank. STD=API/PETRO PUBL 4679-ENGL 2999 0732290 Ob26726 345 The system consists of two major operations: absorption and regeneration. A natural gas stream or a natural gas liquid stream containing acid gases (H2S andor COz) is introduced into an absorber
33、 column where the stream is counter-currently contacted with an amine solution. The acid gas contents are removed through chemical reactions with the amine. After the treatment, the natural gas or the natural gas liquid becomes suitable for consumer use or for further chemical processing. This proce
34、ss is often referred to as a gas sweetening process, and treated gas or liquid is called sweetened gas or liquid. On the other side, the amine solution, referred to as rich amine solution after selectively absorbing the acid gases from the stream requires regeneration before it can be used to sweete
35、n sour gas again. The regeneration column serves the function of stsipping absorbed acid gases from the rich amine solution. A flash tank is usually installed at the outlet of the absorber to permit the recovery of the dissolved and entrained hydrocarbons and to reduce the hydrocarbon contents of th
36、e acid gas product. The flash gas from the flash tank and the stripped acid gas from the regenerator in amine units have the potential to emit hazardous air pollutants (HAPS), and therefore, the unit operators may be required to quanti% and report the emissions. The regulatory report may include bot
37、h Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). As a consequence, the American Petroleum Institute (API) supported the development of a comprehensive software package for the estimation of emissions from amine sweetening units. The objective of this current project is to dev
38、elop a PC-based emission model for calculating HAPs and VOCs from the flash tank and solvent regenerator of a natural gas sweetening unit. The user of the model needs to determine if these gases are vented to the atmosphere and report the emissions to the appropriate regdatory agencies. This objecti
39、ve is achieved by modifying and enhancing an existing commercial software package. To achieve a wide acceptance by those end users, special attention has been paid to the program interface design. No extensive computer literacy or simulation experience was assumed about the users. A user with a basi
40、c knowledge of Windowsm should find no difficulty in using AMINECalc. This document describes program operations and embedded calculation principles. 4 STD-API/PETRO PUBL 4679-ENGL 1999 0732290 062b727 ZBI D CHAPTER 2 INSTALLING AMINECdc System Requirements The minimm system requirements for running
41、 AMINECalc Version 1 .O are: IBM PC 486 compatible or higher 8 MB RAM or more Windows- 95/9/NT Approximately 2 megabytes (MF3) of free hard disk space are required to hold the program and its supporting run-time libraries. For better interface viewing, it is recommended that the user set the monitor
42、 to a high color 16 bit (or higher) resolution. Installing AMINECalc To install AMINECalc: 1. Start WindowsTM 95/98/NT and insert the AMINECalc diskette into drive A or B. 2. Click the Start button on the Windowsm Taskbar and select Run. 3. At the Run dialog box, type A:SETUP32 or B:SETUP32 and clic
43、k OK. 4. Follow the instructions on the screen. The default path for AMINECalc is C:Program FileslAPIAM.INECalcc, However, you may speciQ an alternative path. After the installation process is completed, a program group called AMINECalc will be created. Congratulations! You have now successfully ins
44、talled AMINECalc V1 .O. 5 STD*API/PETRO PUBL 4677-ENGL 1777 m 0732270 0626728 118 CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED This chapter will show you how to start AMTNECalc and set up a new project. You will also be introduced to the AMINECalc desktop and learn how to use some important function keys. Starting AMI
45、NECdc After installing the application, you are ready to run AMINECalc. To start the program, double- click on the file MNECa1c.exe under C:Prograrn FilesWIWINECdc from the Windowsm Explorer. Alternatively, you may also create an AMINECalc shortcut icon on the Windows desktop and start the program b
46、y double-clicking the icon. After starting the program, an opening screen followed by the API disclaimer screen will be displayed. Click the Continue button after reading the disclaimer message. A welcome screen will be activated. You can create a new project, open the last project, open an existing
47、 project or close the welcome window. Select New Project. 7 Previous page is blank. STDIAPI/PETRO PUBL 4679-ENGL 1999 W 0732290 0626729 054 Project Setup Upon opening a new project, a Project Setup dialog box will appear. Once the setup is completed, click OK. The AMINECalc desktop will appear. The
48、rest of this chapter will help users to become familiarized with the basic functions and features of the program. If you are comfortable with Windows“ working environment, proceed to Chapter 4 now. 8 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4679-ENGL 1999 rn 0732290 0626730 87b rn AMINECalc Desktop The AMMCalc Desktop ca
49、n be separated into several working areas. .* i Untitled M. Balance TEA 95.00 % 24 6 d - Menu Bar There are six drop-down menus in the menu bar located at the top of the AMINECalc desktop: File -to create, open, reopen, save, print or close your AMINECalc projects Flowsheet Mode - to change the flowsheet mode Setup -to setup a project or to edit setup of an existing project Run - to run a simulation based on the data you entered View - to manage your working screen Help -to
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