1、Specification for Lock Mandrels and Landing NipplesANSI/API SPECIFICATION 14LSECOND EDITION, AUGUST 2007EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 1, 2008REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2012CONTAINS API MONOGRAM ANNEX AS PART OF US NATIONAL ADOPTIONISO 16070:2005 (Identical), Petroleum and natural gasindustriesDownhole equipmentLock
2、 mandrels and landing nipplesSpecial Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, o
3、r other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed
4、in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to
5、assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation
6、of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict. API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment r
7、egarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API stand
8、ard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
9、, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Copyright 2007 American Petroleum Institute API Foreword Thi
10、s standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date of distribution. This American National Standard is under the jurisdiction of the API SC6 - Subcommittee on Valves b) locking mechanism; c) no-go; d) selectivity; e) sealing device; f) dimens
11、ions; g) passage of lines (electrical and/or hydraulic) in the annulus (for landing nipples only). 5.3 Well parameters The following well parameters shall be specified, as applicable, for the lock mandrel and landing nipple: a) size, mass, material and grade of the casing and tubing; NOTE The term “
12、weight” is often incorrectly used to mean mass, but this practice is deprecated. b) well depth and angle from the vertical to the installed position; c) casing and tubing architecture, deviations, and restrictions through which the lock mandrel and/or landing nipple pass; d) anticipated loading cond
13、itions which might be applied to the lock mandrel and landing nipple. 5.4 Operational parameters The following operational parameters shall be specified, as applicable, for the lock mandrel and landing nipple: a) acidizing, including the acid composition, pressure, temperature, velocity, exposure ti
14、me and any other chemicals used during the stimulation; b) fracturing, including proppant description, fracture fluid velocity and proppant-to-fluid ratio; c) sand consolidation operations; d) type of well intervention, including service equipment such as electric line, slick line, braided line, coi
15、led tubing, or snubbing equipment. API Specification 14L/ISO 160705ISO 16070:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved5.5 Environmental compatibility The following shall be identified, as applicable, for the lock mandrel and landing nipple to ensure environmental compatibility: a) production/injection fl
16、uid composition, mass, chemical and/or physical composition, and the condition of the fluid and/or its components i.e. solid (sand production, scale, etc.), liquid and/or gaseous, to which the lock mandrel and landing nipple is exposed during its full life cycle; b) both the minimum and the maximum
17、anticipated values of the production/injection pressures, pressure differentials, temperatures and flow rates; c) in cases where the user/purchaser has access to corrosion property historical data and/or research which is applicable to the functional specification, the user/purchaser should state to
18、 the supplier/manufacturer which material(s) has the ability to perform as required within the corrosion environment. 5.6 Compatibility with the related well equipment 5.6.1 Lock mandrels The following information shall be specified, as applicable, to ensure the compatibility of the lock mandrel wit
19、h the related well equipment: a) size and/or type of the lock mandrel required to position the flow control equipment in the landing nipple; b) landing nipple size, model and type into which the lock mandrel is to be installed; c) size, type, material, configuration and interface dimensions of the c
20、onnection between the flow control equipment and the lock mandrel; d) size, type and configuration of other products to be used with the lock mandrel. 5.6.2 Landing nipples The following information shall be specified, as applicable, to ensure the compatibility of the landing nipples with the relate
21、d well equipment: a) top and bottom tubular connection(s), the material and dimensions of the landing nipple which is connected to the tubing; b) internal receptacle profile(s), sealing bore dimension(s), outside diameter, inside diameter and their respective locations; c) size, type and configurati
22、on of lock mandrels or other products to be used with the landing nipple. 5.7 Quality documentation The quality documentation grade (i.e. Q1 or Q2 as given in 7.4) shall be specified by the user/purchaser. 5.8 Design validation The design validation grade (i.e. V1, V2 or V3 as given in 6.5) shall be
23、 specified by the user/purchaser. API Specification 14L/ISO 160706ISO 16070:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 6 Technical specification 6.1 General The supplier/manufacturer shall prepare the technical specification which responds to the requirements defined in the functional specification. The s
24、upplier/manufacturer shall also provide product data as defined in 7.2.1 to the user/purchaser. 6.2 Technical characteristics of lock mandrels and landing nipples 6.2.1 Characteristics of lock mandrels The lock mandrel, including sealing devices, shall have the capability to support the loading cond
25、itions as specified in 5.3.c) and d) and to locate and seal as intended at the specified location and remain so under the stated conditions of pressure, temperature and axial loads, as applicable (see 6.3.2, 6.5.3, and 6.5.4). 6.2.2 Characteristics of landing nipples The landing nipple, including se
26、als, shall have the capability to support the loading conditions as specified in 5.3.c) and d) and to receive and seal the lock mandrel as intended at the specified location under the stated conditions of pressure, temperature and axial loads, as applicable (see 6.3.2 and 6.5.2). Additionally, certa
27、in landing nipple designs contain control fluid redirection features and shall also perform in accordance with 6.5.2 f). 6.3 Design criteria 6.3.1 Design requirements 6.3.1.1 Design requirements shall include methods, assumptions and calculations, and shall include those criteria for size, test, wor
28、king and operating pressures, materials, environment (temperature limits, chemicals) and other pertinent requirements upon which the design is based. Design documentation shall be reviewed and verified by a qualified individual other than the individual who created the original design. 6.3.1.2 Lock
29、mandrel and landing nipple equipment shall be manufactured to drawings and specifications that are substantially the same as those of the size, type, and model of lock mandrel and landing nipple equipment that has passed the validation test. 6.3.1.3 The supplier/manufacturer shall establish verified
30、 internal yield pressure, collapse pressure and minimum tensile strength, temperature limits, and rated working pressure, excluding end connections. The supplier/manufacturer shall identify the critical components of the product and the mode of stress. The supplier/manufacturer shall calculate the s
31、tress level in the critical component(s) based upon the maximum loads in the design input requirements to determine those components which are critically stressed. Critically stressed components are those which are stressed to 90 % or greater of the minimum design yield strength of the material. The
32、 minimum material condition and minimum material yield strength shall be used in the calculations, which shall include consideration of temperature limit effects and thermal cycles. Metal mechanical properties de-rating shall be in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:2004, Section I
33、I, Part D. The design shall take into account the effects of pressure containment and pressure-induced loads. Specialized conditions, such as pressure testing with temporary test plugs, shall also be considered. 6.3.1.4 Component and subassembly identification and interchangeability shall be require
34、d within each suppliers/manufacturers size, type and model, including working pressure rating of lock mandrel and landing nipple equipment. Additive dimensional tolerances of components shall be such that proper operation of the lock mandrel and landing nipple equipment is assured. This requirement
35、applies to supplier/manufacturer-assembled equipment and to replacement components or sub-assemblies. API Specification 14L/ISO 160707ISO 16070:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved6.3.2 Materials 6.3.2.1 General Materials and/or service shall be stated by the supplier/manufacturer and shall be suita
36、ble for the environment specified in the functional specification. The supplier/manufacturer shall have written specifications for all lock mandrel and landing nipple material. All materials used shall comply with the suppliers/manufacturers written specifications. The user/purchaser may specify mat
37、erials for the specific corrosion environment in the functional specification. Should the supplier/manufacturer propose to use another material, the supplier/manufacturer shall state that this material has performance characteristics suitable for all parameters specified in the well and production/i
38、njection parameters. This applies to metallic and non-metallic components. Except for seals, material substitutions in qualified lock mandrels and landing nipples are allowed without design validation testing provided that the suppliers/manufacturers selection criteria are documented and meet all ot
39、her requirements of this International Standard. 6.3.2.2 Metals 6.3.2.2.1 The suppliers/manufacturers specifications shall define: a) chemical composition limits; b) heat treatment conditions; c) mechanical property limits: 1) tensile strength; 2) yield strength; 3) elongation; 4) hardness. 6.3.2.2.
40、2 The mechanical properties specified in 6.3.2.2.1 shall be verified by tests conducted on a material sample produced from the same heat of material. The material sample shall undergo the same heat treatment process as the component it qualifies. Material subsequently heat-treated from the same heat
41、 of material shall be hardness tested after processing to confirm compliance with the hardness requirements of the suppliers/manufacturers specifications. The hardness results shall verify through documented correlation that the mechanical properties of the material tested meet the properties specif
42、ied in 6.3.2.2.1. The heat treatment process parameters shall be defined in the heat treatment procedure. Hardness testing is the only mechanical property test required after stress-relieving. Material test reports provided by the material supplier or the supplier/manufacturer are acceptable documen
43、tation. 6.3.2.2.3 Each welded component shall be stress-relieved in accordance with the suppliers/manufacturers written specifications and, where applicable, in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:2004, Section VIII, Division 1, Subsection C, paragraphs UCS-56 and UHA-32. 6.3.2.
44、3 Non-metals The supplier/manufacturer shall have documented procedures, including acceptance criteria, for evaluations or testing of sealing materials or other non-metals, to the limits for which the equipment is rated. Evaluations (or tests) shall verify the material used is suitable for use in th
45、e specific configuration, environment and application. These evaluations shall include the combination of: pressure, temperature, and the fluids compatible with the intended application. API Specification 14L/ISO 160708ISO 16070:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved Sealing materials previously quali
46、fied in accordance with current or prior editions of ISO 10432 or API Spec 14A for the range of application shall be considered as meeting the design validation requirements of this International Standard. The suppliers/manufacturers written specifications for non-metallic compounds shall include ha
47、ndling, storage and labelling requirements, including the cure date, batch number, compound identification and shelf life appropriate to each compound and shall define those characteristics critical to the performance of the material, such as: a) compound type; b) mechanical properties, as a minimum
48、: 1) tensile strength (at break); 2) elongation (at break); 3) tensile modulus (at 50 % or 100 %, as applicable); c) compression set; d) durometer hardness. 6.3.3 Performance rating The supplier/manufacturer shall state the pressure, temperature and axial load rating, as applicable, for the specific
49、 equipment. The individual performance capabilities of the lock mandrel and landing nipple equipment shall be provided so that their combined performance capability can be determined. 6.3.4 TFL equipment For additional requirements for these products in TFL applications, see ISO 13628-3. 6.4 Design verification 6.4.1 General Design verification shall be performed to ensure that each lock mandrel and landing nipple design meets the supplierss/manufacturers technical specifications. Design verification includes activities such as design reviews, design ca
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