1、Specification for Marine Drilling Riser CouplingsAPI SPECIFICATION 16RFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 1997EFFECTIVE DATE: JUNE 1, 1997REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2010Specification for Marine Drilling Riser CouplingsUpstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 16RFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 1997EFFECTIVE DATE: JUNE 1, 1997REAFFIRMED,
2、 AUGUST 2010SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and prop
3、erly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, orfederal laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions
4、 should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uc
5、t covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Sometimes a one-time extension
6、 of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Depart
7、ment telephone (202)682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updatedquarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the deve
8、lopmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the director of the Authoring Department (shown
9、on the titlepage of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the materialpublished herein should also be addressed to the director.API standards are published to facilitate the broad
10、 availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way t
11、oinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that s
12、uch prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.
13、Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1997 American Petroleum InstituteiiiFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data co
14、ntained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with w
15、hich thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Explorationand Production Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washing-ton, D.C. 20005.CONTENTSPage1 SCOPE 11.1 Purpose . 11.2 Organization . 12 REFERENCES. 13 D
16、EFINITIONS. 13.1 Function 13.2 Nomenclature . 13.3 Design Types 24 DESIGN . 24.1 Service Classifications 24.2 Riser Loading . 24.3 Determination of Stresses by Analysis 34.4 Stress Distribution Verification Test. 34.5 Coupling Design Load . 34.6 Design for Static Loading 44.7 Stress Amplification Fa
17、ctor 44.8 Design Documentation. 45 MATERIAL SELECTION AND WELDING. 45.1 Material Selection. 45.2 Welding. 56 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS 56.1 Coupling Dimensions. 56.2 Coupling Weight. 57 QUALITY CONTROL 57.1 General 57.2 Raw Material Conformance . 57.3 Manufacturing Conformance . 78 TESTING . 98.1 Purpo
18、se . 98.2 Design Qualification Tests 99 MARKING. 99.1 Stamping. 99.2 Required Information . 910 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS 910.1 Equipment Description. 910.2 Guidelines for coupling Usage. 1010.3 Maintenance Instructions . 10APPENDIX ASTRESS ANALYSIS 11APPENDIX BOPTIONAL QUALIFICATION TESTS 1
19、3vCONTENTSPageAPPENDIX CDESIGN FOR STATIC LOADING . 15Figures1Equivalent Round Models 6C-1Stress Distribution Across Section A-A. 18Tables1Minimum Mechanical Properties 52Compatible BOP Bore and Riser Outer Diameter Combinations 53Maximum Length of Elongated Slag Inclusion for Radiography. 84Referen
20、ce Level LengthMaximum Amplitude of Slag indication for Ultrasonic Examinations 9vi1Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings1 SCOPE1.1 PurposeThis specification pertains to the design, rating, manufac-turing and testing of marine drilling riser couplings. Cou-pling capacity ratings are esta
21、blished to enable the groupingof coupling models according to their maximum stressesdeveloped under specific levels of loading, regardless of man-ufacturer or method of make-up. This specification relatesdirectly to API Recommended Practice 16Q, which pertainsto the design, selection, and operation
22、of the marine drillingriser system as a whole.1.2 OrganizationThis specification is organized into distinct sections foreasy reference. Section 3 contains a description of the func-tion of marine riser couplings, along with the definition of rel-evant terms. Section 4 includes service classification
23、s anddesign criteria. Materials and welding requirements areincluded in Section 5 and dimensions in Section 6. Section 7covers quality control. Design qualification testing require-ments are spelled out in Section 8, and product markingrequirements are provided in Section 9. Section 10 definesrequir
24、ements for operation and Maintenance manuals.Appendixes A, B, and C provide analysis, testing, and design,information.2 REFERENCESThis specification includes by reference, either in total or inpart, the API and industry standards listed in this section. Thelatest edition of these standards shall be
25、used unless otherwisenoted.APIRP 16QDesign, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser SystemsSpec 6ASpecification for Wellhead and Christmas TreeEquipmentASME1Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sections V, VIII, and IXASTM2A-370Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsE-10Brinell Hardne
26、ss of Metallic MaterialsE-18 Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell SuperficialHardness of Metallic MaterialsE-92Vickers Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE-94Radiographic TestingE-165 Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE-709 MagneticParticle ExaminationE-747Design, Manufacture and Material GroupingClassification of W
27、ire Image Quality Indicators Used for RadiographyAWS3AWS D1.1American Welding Society Structural WeldingCode3 DEFINITIONS3.1 FunctionA marine riser coupling provides a means of quickly con-necting and disconnecting riser joints. The coupling box orpin (depending on design type) provides a support to
28、 transmitthe weight of the suspended riser string to the riser handlingspider while running or retrieving the riser. Additionally, thecoupling may provide support for choke, kill and auxiliarylines, and load reaction for buoyancy devices.3.2 NomenclatureFor the purposes of this specification, the fo
29、llowing defini-tions apply. A comprehensive list of definitions pertaining tomarine drilling riser systems is contained in API Recom-mended Practice 16Q.3.2.1 auxiliary line:An external conduit (excludingchoke and kill lines) arranged parallel to the riser main tubefor enabling fluid flow. Examples
30、of these lines include acontrol system fluid line, a buoyancy control line, and a mudboost line.3.2.2 buoyancy:Devices added to the riser joints toreduce their submerged weight.3.2.3 choke and kill (C this isaccomplished by elastic deformation induced during makeupof the coupling.3.2.7 rated load: A
31、 nominal applied loading conditionused during coupling design, analysis, and testing based on amaximum anticipated service loading. Under the rated work-ing load, no average section stress in the riser coupling shallexceed allowable limits established in this specification.3.2.8 riser coupling box:T
32、he female coupling member.3.2.9 riser joint:A section of riser pipe having ends fittedwith a box and a pin, typically including integral choke, killand auxiliary lines.3.2.10 riser main tube:The basic pipe from which riserjoints are fabricated. 3.2.11 riser coupling pin:The male coupling member.3.2.
33、12 stress amplification factor (SAF): Equal tothe local peak alternating stress in a component (includingwelds) divided by the nominal alternating stress in the pipewall at the location of the component. This factor is used toaccount for the increase in the stresses caused by geometricstress amplifi
34、ers which occur in riser components.3.3 Design TypesCoupling designs may or may not require coupling pre-load. Coupling design types include, but are not limited to,the types defined in this section.3.3.1 breech-block coupling:A coupling which isengaged by partial rotation of one member into an inte
35、rlockwith another.3.3.2 collet-type coupling:A coupling having a slottedcylindrical element joining mating coupling members.3.3.3 dog-type coupling: A coupling having dogswhich act as wedges mechanically driven between the boxand pin for engagement.3.3.4 flange-type coupling:A coupling having twofla
36、nges joined by bolts.3.3.5 threaded coupling:A coupling having matchingthreaded members to form engagement.4 DESIGN4.1 Service ClassificationsThe coupling manufacturer shall provide design informa-tion for each coupling size and model which defines loadcapacity rating. These data are to be based on
37、design load(defined in 4.5) and verified by testing (specified in 8.2).4.1.1 SIZERiser couplings are categorized by size of the riser maintube. Riser pipe outer diameter and wall thickness (or wallthickness range) for which the coupling is designed shall bedocumented.4.1.2 RATED LOADThe rated loads
38、listed in this paragraph provide a means ofgeneral classification of coupling models based on stressmagnitude caused by applied load. To qualify for a particularrated load, neither calculated nor measured stresses in a cou-pling shall exceed the allowable stress limits of the couplingmaterial when s
39、ubjected to the rated load. The allowablematerial stresses are established in 4.6.The rated loads are as follows:a. 0.500 million pounds.b. 1.000 million pounds.c. 1.250 million pounds.d. 1.500 million pounds.e. 2.000 million pounds.f. 2.500 million pounds.4.1.3 STRESS AMPLIFICATION FACTORThe calcul
40、ated SAF values for the coupling shall be docu-mented at the pipe-to-coupling weld and at the locations ofhighest stress in the pin and box. SAF is a function of pipesize, and wall thickness. It is calculated as follows:(1)4.1.4 RATED WORKING PRESSURERiser couplings shall be designed to provide a pr
41、essure sealbetween joints. The manufacturer shall document the ratedinternal working pressure for each coupling design.4.2 Riser LoadingA drilling risers ability to resist environmental loadingdepends primarily on tension. Environmental loadingincludes the hydrodynamic forces of current and waves an
42、dthe motions induced by the floating vessels dynamicresponse to waves and wind.The determination of a risers response to the environmen-tal loading and determination of the mechanical loads actingupon and developed within the riser require specialized com-puter modeling and analysis. The general pro
43、cedure used todetermine riser system design loads and responses isdescribed in API Recommended Practice 16Q.Additional sources of applied load that are not included inthe rated load may significantly affect the coupling designand shall be included in design calculations.SNALocal peak alternating str
44、essNominal alternating stess in BHE pipe-=SPECIFICATION FORMARINEDRILLINGRISERCOUPLINGS34.2.1 LOADS INDUCED BY CHOKE AND KILL AND AUXILIARY LINESRiser couplings typically provide support for choke andkill and auxiliary lines. This support constrains the lines toapproximate the curvature of the riser
45、 pipe. Loads can beinduced on the coupling from pressure in the lines, imposeddeflections on the lines, and the weight of the lines. The man-ufacturer shall document those loads induced by choke, kill,and auxiliary lines for which the coupling has been designed.4.2.2 LOADS INDUCED BY BUOYANCYRiser c
46、ouplings may provide support for buoyancy, whichinduces loads on the couplings. The manufacturer shall docu-ment the buoyancy thrust loads for which the coupling hasbeen designed.4.2.3 LOADS INDUCED DURING HANDLINGTemporary loads are induced by suspending the riser fromthe handling tool and/or spide
47、r. The manufacturer shall docu-ment the riser handling loads for which the coupling isdesigned and how these loads are applied.4.3 Determination of Stresses by AnalysisDesign of riser couplings for static loading (4.6) and deter-mination of the Stress and Amplification Factors (4.7) requiredetailed
48、knowledge of the stress distribution in the coupling.This information shall be acquired by finite element analysisand subsequently validated by prototype strain gauge test-ing. A finite element analysis of the riser coupling must beperformed and documented. The analysis must provide accu-rate or con
49、servative peak stresses, and shall include any dele-terious effects of loss of preload from wear, friction, andmanufacturing tolerances. Suggestions for the analysis can befound in Appendix A. The following shall be documentedand included in the analysis: a. Hardware and software used to perform the analysis.b. Grid size.c. Applied loads.d. Preload losses. e. Material considerations.4.4 Stress Distribution Verification TestAfter completion of the design studies, a prototype (
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