1、Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Terminal and Tank FacilitiesAPI STANDARD 2610SECOND EDITION, MAY 2005REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2010Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Terminal and Tank FacilitiesDownstream SegmentAPI STANDARD 2610SECOND EDITION,
2、 MAY 2005REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2010SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or sup
3、pliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular
4、materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any metho
5、d, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Someti
6、mes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from
7、the API Standards department telephone (202)682-8000. A catalog of API publications, programs and services is published annually andupdated biannually by API, and available through Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inv-erness Way East, M/S C303B, Englewood, CO 80112-5776. This document was produced u
8、nder API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this
9、standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the Director of the Standards Department, American Petro-leum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission toreproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should be addressed tothe Dir
10、ector, Business Services.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. T
11、he formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequire
12、ments of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, re
13、cording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2005 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis standard was developed to guide the management of terminals and tanks in a m
14、annerthat protects the environment and the safety of workers and the public. This standard isintended for petroleum terminal and tank facilities associated with marketing, refining, pipe-line, and other similar facilities. This standard may be used as a resource and managementguide by those responsi
15、ble for such facilities and by those working on their behalf. This stan-dard is a compilation of industry knowledge, information, and management practices for allrelevant aspects of terminal and tank operations aggregated into an overview document com-prising best practices. In instances where great
16、er detail or additional information may behelpful or needed, this standard references other API publications or similar industry guidesand standards. It is intended to be consistent with, but is not a substitute for, any applicablelocal, state, or federal regulations.The requirements of this standar
17、d represent minimum requirements applicable to all facil-ities within the scope of this document. Some provisions in this standard, as indicated by theuse of the word shall, are mandatory and have to be followed to meet the intent of this stan-dard. Some provisions are recommended, as denoted by the
18、 word should, but are not manda-tory. These provisions will need to be considered based on site-specific factors. Still otherprovisions are optional, as denoted by the word may. Typically, these will be given where arange of good options exists.To foster greater awareness and assist the industry in
19、addressing environmental, health,and safety concerns, the API has undertaken the development of this single document aggre-gating the various standards, specifications, and recommended practices on the design, con-struction, operation, inspection, and maintenance of petroleum terminals and tanks. AP
20、I alsohas significant research underway to assist members in addressing issues of groundwaterprotection and remediation of soil contamination. This research includes the evaluation ofimproved leak detection technology and the evaluation of better methods to detect and reme-diate groundwater and soil
21、 contamination.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereb
22、y expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to API, Standards Department,1220 L Stree
23、t, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope and Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . 11.2 Nonapplicability and Retroactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 Governmental Requirements and Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 Other References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. 73 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 SITE SELECTION AND SPACING REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 Site Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.3 Spacing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 POLLUTION
28、 PREVENTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 Applicability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.2 Waste Management Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
29、05.3 Pollution Prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 Waste Management Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 SAFE OPERATIONS OF TERMINALS Oil CompaniesInternational Marine For
30、um, 27 Queen Annes Gate, London,SW1H9BU, England, www.marisec.org; International Associationof Ports and Harbors, 5th Floor, North Tower New Pier Takeshiba, 1-11-1 Kaigan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0022, Japan.17Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 WallStreet, 17th Floor, New York, New
31、 York 10005. www.iesna.org18The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, 67 Alex-ander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.www.isa.org19Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry, Inc., 127 Park Street, N.E., Vienna, Virginia 22180-4602.www.mss-2
32、0NACE International (formerly the National Association of Corro-sion Engineers), 1440 South Creek Drive, P.O. Box 218340,Houston, Texas 77218-8340. www.nace.org21National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park,Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. www.nfpa.org22Oil Companies International Marine Fo
33、rum, 27 Queen AnnesGate, London, SW1H9BU, England. 23Office of Pipeline Safety, Research and Special Programs Admin-istration, 400 Seventh Street, S.W, Room 21, Washington D.C.20590-0001. http:/ops.dot.gov24U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration, 200 Constitution Ave.
34、, N.W., Washington, D.C.20210. OSHA Regulations are posted on, and can be downloadedfrom: www.osha.govDESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND INSPECTION OF TERMINAL water bottoms ordrawdown water removed from a petroleum storage tank,petroleum tank filler sump, and dispenser sump water; re
35、cov-ered product or water in contact with product that does notcontain hazardous constituents other than petroleum.3.14 process tank: An aboveground or undergroundtank that forms a part of a refining process through whichthere is a steady, variable, recurring, or intermittent flow ofmaterials during
36、 the operation of the process. This definitionexcludes tanks used for the storage of products or raw materi-als before their introduction into the refining process or forthe storage of finished products or by-products from the refin-ing process.3.15 release prevention barrier (RPB): The secondlined
37、bottom of double steel bottom tanks, synthetic materi-als, clay liners, and all other barriers or combination of barri-ers (such as a reinforced concrete slab under the full bottomof the tank without a membrane liner) placed in the bottom ofor under an aboveground storage tank that have these func-t
38、ions: (a) preventing the escape of contaminated material, and(b) containing or channeling released material for leak detec-tion. See nonmandatory Appendix I of API Std 650. 3.16 shall: The use of the word “shall” indicates provi-sions that are mandatory to meet the requirements of thisstandard.3.17
39、should: The use of the word “should” indicates pro-visions that are recommended but not mandatory. Implemen-tation of these provisions will be made based uponconsideration of the following, as appropriate: (a) risk/benefitanalysis, (b) company standards, (c) company experience,and (d) company philos
40、ophy.3.18 underground tank: A buried container that has acapacity of more than 110 gallons (416 liters) and is used tostore petroleum, additives, or other products for later use.4 Site Selection and Spacing Requirements4.1 OVERVIEWThis section covers the site selection and spacingrequirements for th
41、e design and construction of new termi-nal facilities.4.2 SITE SELECTIONA site selection criteria should be established that mini-mizes the potential risk to property adjacent to the terminalfacility and the risk presented to the terminal facility by anincident on the adjacent property. The followin
42、g factorsshould be considered when selecting a site for a new terminalfacility:a. Proximity to public ways.b. Proximity to waterways, other surface waters, and wetlandprotection.c. Proximity and risk (to and from) adjacent facilities.d. Types and quantities of products to be stored.e. Proximity and
43、risk to populated areas.f. Present and predicted development or rezoning of adjacentproperties and the terminal property.g. Topography of the site including elevation, slope, anddrainage.DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND INSPECTION OF TERMINAL buildingpermits and codes; operating per
44、mits; fire marshal permits;and air, water, and waste discharge permits.m. Proximity to existing supply and distribution facilities.n. Existence of threatened and endangered species.o. Possible cultural resources located in the site selection.4.3 SPACING REQUIREMENTS4.3.1 General4.3.1.1 The spacing p
45、rovisions presented in this section areintended to minimize the fire hazard (see 7.2) and the expo-sure risk to adjacent tanks, equipment, and important build-ings if a fire or other incident were to occur. The specificspacing distances necessary for safe operations require identi-fication of the ha
46、zards involved (see 6.2).4.3.1.2 Site-specific reviews of the potential risks shouldbe used to estimate setback distances needed to limit theexposure to or from adjacent facilities. Sources of informa-tion on this subject may be found in NFPA 30 or other locallyrecognized requirements, such as the I
47、CBO Uniform FireCode, International Fire Code.4.3.2 Spacing of Aboveground Storage Tanks4.3.2.1 The provisions for the location of abovegroundstorage tanks with respect to property lines, public ways, andimportant buildings on the same property are listed inNFPA 30, or other locally recognized requi
48、rements, such asthe ICBO Uniform Fire Code, International Fire Code. Thetype of floating roof used in an AST may affect spacingrequirements. For example, pan roofs, which do not containclosed compartments for buoyancy, are subject to flooding orsloshing during earthquakes or the application of fire
49、fightingfoam/water solutions. In addition, without bracing of the rimprovided by the pontoon top plate, the design of the rim toresist buckling must be evaluated. Tanks with pan roofs areconsidered fixed-roof tanks with no internal floating roof(IFR) for the purpose of siting requirements in NFPA 30.4.3.2.2 The requirements for spacing (shell-to-shell)between any two adjacent aboveground storage tanks arelisted in NFPA 30, or other locally recognized requirements,such as the ICBO Uniform Fire Code, International FireCode. The type of floating roof used in an AST may af
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